Infection control precautions by disease: Difference between revisions

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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Disease
!Disease
!Organisms!!Type of precautions!!Duration!!Notes
!Organisms!!Type of precautions!!Duration!!Notes
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|-
|-
|[[Actinomycosis]]
|[[Actinomycosis]]
|[[Actinomyces species]]
|[[Actinomyces]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
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|Not transmitted person-to-person
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|Arthropod-borne viral encephalitis
| rowspan="7" |Arthropod-borne viral encephalitis
|[[Eastern equine encephalitis]]
|[[Eastern equine encephalitis]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
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|Not transmitted person-to-person
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|Arthropod-borne viral encephalitis
|[[western equine encephalitis]]
|[[western equine encephalitis]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
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|Not transmitted person-to-person
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|Arthropod-borne viral encephalitis
|[[Venezuelan equine encephalitis]]
|[[Venezuelan equine encephalitis]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
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|Not transmitted person-to-person
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|Arthropod-borne viral encephalitis
|[[ St. Louis encephalitis]]
|[[ St. Louis encephalitis]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
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|Not transmitted person-to-person
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|Arthropod-borne viral encephalitis
|[[California encephalitis]]
|[[California encephalitis]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
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|Not transmitted person-to-person
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|Arthropod-borne viral encephalitis
|[[West Nile virus]]
|[[West Nile virus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
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|Not transmitted person-to-person
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|Arthropod-borne viral encephalitis
|not otherwise specified
|not otherwise specified
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
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|Not transmitted person-to-person
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|Arthropod-borne viral fever
| rowspan="4" |Arthropod-borne viral fever
|[[Dengue virus]]
|[[Dengue virus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
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|Not transmitted person-to-person
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|Arthropod-borne viral fever
|[[Yellow fever virus]]
|[[Yellow fever virus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
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|Not transmitted person-to-person
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|Arthropod-borne viral fever
|[[Colorado tick fever virus]]
|[[Colorado tick fever virus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
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|Not transmitted person-to-person
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|Arthropod-borne viral fever
|not otherwise specified
|not otherwise specified
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
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|-
|-
|[[Aspergillosis]]
|[[Aspergillosis]]
|[[Aspergillus species]]
|[[Aspergillus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
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|-
|-
|[[Candidiasis]]
|[[Candidiasis]]
|[[Candida species]]
|[[Candida]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
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| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|Until 1 year of age
|Until 1 year of age
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine precautions if nasopharyngeal and urine cultures are repeatedly negative after 3 months of age
|Routine precautions if nasopharyngeal and urine cultures are repeatedly negative after 3 months of age
|-
|-
|[[Conjunctivitis]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Conjunctivitis]]
|[[Adenovirus]]
|[[Adenovirus]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to specific syndrome (conjunctivitis)
| colspan="3" |Refer to specific syndrome (conjunctivitis)
|-
|-
|[[Conjunctivitis]]
|[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]
|[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
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|
|
|-
|-
|[[Conjunctivitis]]
|bacterium, not otherwise specified
|bacterium, not otherwise specified
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
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|
|
|-
|-
|[[Conjuctivitis]]
|virus, not otherwise specified
|virus, not otherwise specified
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
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|-
|-
|[[Cryptococcosis]]
|[[Cryptococcosis]]
|[[Cryptococcus species]]
|[[Cryptococcus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
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|-
|-
|[[Cryptosporidiosis]]
|[[Cryptosporidiosis]]
|[[Cryptosporidium species]]
|[[Cryptosporidium]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
|-
|[[Cystic fibrosis]]
|various
|Contact
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|[[Cysticercosis]]
|[[Cysticercosis]]
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|-
|-
|[[Echinococcosis]]
|[[Echinococcosis]]
|[[Echinococcus species]]
|[[Echinococcus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
|[[Food poisoning]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Food poisoning]]
|[[Clostridium botulinum]]
|[[Clostridium botulinum]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
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|Not transmitted person-to-person
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|[[Food poisoning]]
|[[Clostridium perfringens]]
|[[Clostridium perfringens]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
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|
|
|-
|-
|[[Food poisoning]]
|[[Clostridium perfringens]]
|[[Clostridium perfringens]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
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|Not transmitted person-to-person
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|[[Food poisoning]]
|[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
|[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
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|Rarely transmitted person-to-person
|Rarely transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|[[Gastroenteritis]]
| rowspan="15" |[[Gastroenteritis]]
|[[Adenovirus]]
|[[Adenovirus]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
|-
|-
|[[Gastroenteritis]]
|[[Campylobacter]]
|[[Campylobacter species]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
|-
|-
|[[Gastroenteritis]]
|[[Coxsackievirus]]
|[[Coxsackievirus]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to Enterovirus
| colspan="3" |Refer to Enterovirus
|-
|-
|[[Gastroenteritis]]
|[[Echovirus]]
|[[Echovirus]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to Enterovirus
| colspan="3" |Refer to Enterovirus
|-
|-
|[[Enterovirus]] (adult)
|[[Gastroenteritis]]
|[[Enterovirus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Enterovirus]] (paediatric)
|[[Gastroenteritis]] (diapered or incontinent)
|[[Enterovirus]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|Duration of illness
|Duration of illness
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Gastroenteritis]]
|[[Escherichia coli]]
|[[Escherichia coli]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
|-
|-
|[[Gastroenteritis]]
|[[Giardia lamblia]]
|[[Giardia lamblia]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
|-
|-
|[[Gastroenteritis]]
|[[Norovirus]]
|[[Norovirus]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
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|
|
|-
|-
|[[Gastroenteritis]]
|[[Rotavirus]]
|[[Rotavirus]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
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|
|
|-
|-
|[[Gastroenteritis]]
|[[Shigella]]
|[[Shigella species]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
|-
|-
|[[Gastroenteritis]]
|[[Vibrio cholerae]]
|[[Vibrio cholerae]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
|-
|-
|[[Gastroenteritis]]
|[[Vibrio parahaemolyticus]]
|[[Vibrio parahaemolyticus]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
|-
|-
|[[Gastroenteritis]]
|[[Vibrio vulnificus]]
|[[Vibrio vulnificus]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
|-
|-
|[[Gastroenteritis]]
|[[Yersinia enterocolitica]]
|[[Yersinia enterocolitica]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
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|
|
|-
|-
|[[Gastroenteritis]] (diapered or incontinent)
| rowspan="2" |[[Gastroenteritis]] (diapered or incontinent)
|[[Enterovirus]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|Duration of illness
|
|-
|not otherwise specified
|not otherwise specified
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
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|Not transmitted person-to-person
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|Herpes (disseminated, primary, or severe)
|[[Herpes simplex virus|Herpes]] (disseminated, primary, or severe)
|[[Herpes simplex virus]]
|[[Herpes simplex virus]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
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|
|
|-
|-
|Herpes (mucocutaneous recurrent)
|[[Herpes simplex virus|Herpes]] (mucocutaneous recurrent)
|[[Herpes simplex virus]]
|[[Herpes simplex virus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
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|
|
|-
|-
|Herpes (neonatal)
|[[Herpes simplex virus|Herpes]] (neonatal)
|[[Herpes simplex virus]]
|[[Herpes simplex virus]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
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|-
|-
|[[Legionellosis]]
|[[Legionellosis]]
|[[Legionella species]]
|[[Legionella]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
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|-
|-
|[[Leptospirosis]]
|[[Leptospirosis]]
|[[Leptospira species]]
|[[Leptospira]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
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|-
|-
|[[Listeriosis]]
|[[Listeriosis]]
|[[Listeria species]]
|[[Listeria]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
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|-
|-
|[[Malaria]]
|[[Malaria]]
|[[Plasmodium species]]
|[[Plasmodium]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
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|Not transmitted person-to-person
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|[[Meningitis]] (aseptic)
| rowspan="8" |[[Meningitis]]
|various
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|Contact for infants and young children
|-
|[[Meningitis]]
|Gram-negative bacterium
|Gram-negative bacterium
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
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|
|
|-
|-
|[[Meningitis]]
|fungus
|fungus
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
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|
|
|-
|-
|[[Meningitis]]
|[[Haemophilus influenzae]] type b
|[[Haemophilus influenzae]] type b
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
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|
|
|-
|-
|[[Meningitis]]
|[[Listeria monocytogenes]]
|[[Listeria monocytogenes]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
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|
|
|-
|-
|[[Meningitis]]
|[[Neisseria meningitidis]]
|[[Neisseria meningitidis]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
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|
|
|-
|-
|[[Meningitis]]
|[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]
|[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
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|
|
|-
|-
|[[Meningitis]]
|[[Tuberculosis]]
|[[Tuberculosis]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
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|Rule out pulmonary disease and draining adenitis
|Rule out pulmonary disease and draining adenitis
|-
|-
|[[Meningitis]]
|bacterium, not otherwise specified
|bacterium, not otherwise specified
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Meningitis]] (aseptic)
|various
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|Contact for infants and young children
|-
|-
|[[Molluscum contagiosum]]
|[[Molluscum contagiosum]]
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|-
|-
|[[Nocardiosis]]
|[[Nocardiosis]]
|[[Nocardia species]]
|[[Nocardia]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
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|-
|-
|[[Pertussis]]
|[[Pertussis]]
|[[Bordatella pertussis]]
|[[Bordetella pertussis]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
|5 days of effective therapy
|5 days of effective therapy
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|Consider prophylaxis in healthcare workers
|Consider prophylaxis in healthcare workers
|-
|-
|[[Pneumonia]]
| rowspan="11" |[[Pneumonia]]
|[[Adenovirus]]
|[[Adenovirus]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet + Contact
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet + Contact
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|
|
|-
|-
|[[Pneumonia]]
|[[Chlamydia pneumoniae]]
|[[Chlamydia pneumoniae]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
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|
|
|-
|-
|[[Pneumonia]] (infants)
|[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|-
|[[Pneumonia]]
|fungus
|fungus
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
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|
|
|-
|-
|[[Pneumonia]] (adults)
|[[Legionella]]
|[[Haemophilus influenzae]] type b
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|-
|[[Pneumonia]] (children)
|[[Haemophilus influenzae]] type b
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
|24 hours of effective therapy
|
|-
|[[Pneumonia]]
|[[Legionella species]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|[[Pneumonia]]
|[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]
|[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
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|
|
|-
|-
|[[Pneumonia]]
|[[Neisseria meningitidis]]
|[[Neisseria meningitidis]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
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|
|
|-
|-
|[[Pneumonia]]
|[[Pneumocystis jiroveci]]
|[[Pneumocystis jiroveci]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
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|
|
|-
|-
|[[Pneumonia]]
|[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
|[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
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|
|
|-
|-
|[[Pneumonia]]
|[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]
|[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
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|Droplet precautions if nosocomial outbreak
|Droplet precautions if nosocomial outbreak
|-
|-
|[[Pneumonia]]
|[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]
|[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
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|
|
|-
|-
|[[Pneumonia]]
|bacterium, not otherwise specified
|bacterium, not otherwise specified
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
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|
|
|-
|-
|[[Pneumonia]] (adults)
| rowspan="2" |[[Pneumonia]] (adults)
|[[Haemophilus influenzae]] type b
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|-
|virus, not otherwise specified
|virus, not otherwise specified
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|-
|[[Pneumonia]] (children)
|[[Haemophilus influenzae]] type b
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
|24 hours of effective therapy
|
|-
|[[Pneumonia]] (infants)
|[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
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|-
|-
|[[Rickettsioses]]
|[[Rickettsioses]]
|[[Rickettsia species]]
|[[Rickettsia]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
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|-
|-
|[[Salmonellosis]]
|[[Salmonellosis]]
|[[Salmonella species]]
|[[Salmonella]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
|-
|-
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|-
|-
|[[Schistosomiasis]]
|[[Schistosomiasis]]
|[[Schistosoma species]]
|[[Schistosoma]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
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|-
|-
|[[Strongyloidiasis]]
|[[Strongyloidiasis]]
|[[Strongyloides stercoralis]]
|
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
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|-
|-
|[[Syphilis]]
|[[Syphilis]]
|[[Treponema pallidum pallidum]]
|
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Congenital syphilis|Syphilis (congenital)]]
|[[Tapeworm]]
|[[Treponema pallidum pallidum]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|24 hours of effective therapy
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Tapeworm]]
|[[Hymenolepis nana]]
|[[Hymenolepis nana]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
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|Not transmitted person-to-person
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|[[Tapeworm]]
|[[Taenia solium]]
|[[Taenia solium]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
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|
|
|-
|-
|[[Tapeworm]]
|not otherwise specified
|not otherwise specified
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
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|Rarely transmitted person-to-person
|Rarely transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|[[Toxic shock syndrome]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Toxic shock syndrome]]
|[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
|[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
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|
|
|-
|-
|[[Toxic shock syndrome]]
|[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]
|[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
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|
|
|-
|-
|[[Viral hemorrhagic fever]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Viral hemorrhagic fever]]
|[[Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus]]
|[[Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
| colspan="3" |Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
|-
|-
|[[Viral hemorrhagic fever]]
|[[Ebola virus]]
|[[Ebola virus]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
| colspan="3" |Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
|-
|-
|[[Viral hemorrhagic fever]]
|[[Lassa fever virus]]
|[[Lassa fever virus]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
| colspan="3" |Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
|-
|-
|[[Viral hemorrhagic fever]]
|[[Marburg virus]]
|[[Marburg virus]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
| colspan="3" |Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
|-
|-
|[[Viral hemorrhagic fever]]
|various
|various
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet + Contact
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet + Contact
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|
|
|-
|-
|[[Viral hepatitis]] (continent)
| rowspan="3" |[[Viral hepatitis]]
|[[Hepatitis A virus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|Consider vaccination as post-exposure prophylaxis
|-
|[[Viral hepatitis]] (diapered or incontinent)
|[[Hepatitis A virus]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|<3 years: duration of hospitalization; 3-14 years: 2 weeks after onset; >14 years: 1 week after onset
|
|-
|[[Viral hepatitis]]
|[[Hepatitis B virus]]
|[[Hepatitis B virus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
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|
|
|-
|-
|[[Viral hepatitis]]
|[[Hepatitis C virus]]
|[[Hepatitis C virus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
Line 1,386: Line 1,336:
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Viral hepatitis]]
|[[Hepatitis D virus]]
|[[Hepatitis D virus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
Line 1,392: Line 1,341:
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Viral hepatitis]] (continent)
| rowspan="2" |[[Viral hepatitis]] (continent)
|[[Hepatitis A virus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|Consider vaccination as post-exposure prophylaxis
|-
|[[Hepatitis E virus]]
|[[Hepatitis E virus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
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|[[Viral hepatitis]] (diapered or incontinent)
| rowspan="2" |[[Viral hepatitis]] (diapered or incontinent)
|[[Hepatitis A virus]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|<3 years: duration of hospitalization; 3-14 years: 2 weeks after onset; >14 years: 1 week after onset
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|[[Hepatitis E virus]]
|[[Hepatitis E virus]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
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*[https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/isolation/appendix/type-duration-precautions.html CDC Guidelines for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Healthcare Settings]
*[https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/isolation/appendix/type-duration-precautions.html CDC Guidelines for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Healthcare Settings]
*Public Health Agency of Canada. [https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/phac-aspc/documents/services/publications/diseases-conditions/routine-practices-precautions-healthcare-associated-infections/routine-practices-precautions-healthcare-associated-infections-2016-FINAL-eng.pdf Routine Practices and Additional Precautions for Preventing the Transmission of Infection in Healthcare Settings]

Latest revision as of 23:27, 9 August 2024

Disease Organisms Type of precautions Duration Notes
Abscess (with significant drainage) various Contact Until drainage controlled
Abscess (no significant drainage) various Routine
Amoebiasis Entamoeba histolytica Routine Rarely transmitted person-to-person
Actinomycosis Actinomyces Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Anthrax Bacillus anthracis Routine
Anthrax (cutaneous) Bacillus anthracis Routine Contact precautions if significant drainage
Anthrax (pulmonary) Bacillus anthracis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Arthropod-borne viral encephalitis Eastern equine encephalitis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
western equine encephalitis Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
Venezuelan equine encephalitis Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
St. Louis encephalitis Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
California encephalitis Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
West Nile virus Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
not otherwise specified Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
Arthropod-borne viral fever Dengue virus Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Yellow fever virus Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
Colorado tick fever virus Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
not otherwise specified Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
Ascariasis Ascaris lumbricoides Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Aspergillosis Aspergillus Routine Can consider contact or airborne if large draining infection requiring repeat irrigations
Babesiosis Babesia microti Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Blastomycosis Blastomyces dermatitidis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Botulism Clostridium botulinum Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Botulism (food poisoning) Clostridium botulinum Routine
Bronchiolitis various Contact Duration of illness
Brucellosis Brucella melitensis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Burn infection Staphylococcus aureus Contact Until drainage stops or is controlled
Candidiasis Candida Routine
Cat-scratch fever Bartonella henselae Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Cellulitis various Routine
Chancroid Haemophilus ducreyi Routine Sexually transmitted
Chickenpox Varicella-zoster virus Refer to Varicella
Chlamydia pneumoniae Routine
Cholera Vibrio cholerae Refer to Gastroenteritis
Clostridium difficile Clostridium difficile Contact Duration of illness
Coccidioidomycosis Coccidioides immitis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Congenital rubella Rubella virus Contact Until 1 year of age Routine precautions if nasopharyngeal and urine cultures are repeatedly negative after 3 months of age
Conjunctivitis Adenovirus Refer to specific syndrome (conjunctivitis)
Chlamydia trachomatis Routine
bacterium, not otherwise specified Routine
virus, not otherwise specified Contact Duration of illness Highly contageous
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Prions Routine
Croup various Refer to Respiratory infections in infants and young children
Cryptococcosis Cryptococcus Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidium Refer to Gastroenteritis
Cystic fibrosis various Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
Cysticercosis Taenia solium Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Cytomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus Routine
Dengue Dengue virus Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Diphtheria (cutaneous) Corynebacterium diphtheriae Contact Until completed treatment and cultures negative Two cultures 24 hours apart
Diphtheria (pharyngeal) Corynebacterium diphtheriae Droplet Until completed treatment and cultures negative Two cultures 24 hours apart
Echinococcosis Echinococcus Routine
Encephalitis Herpes simplex virus Routine
Encephalitis or encephalomyelitis various Refer to specific organism
Endometritis Streptococcus pyogenes Routine
Endometritis various Routine
Epiglottitis Haemophilus influenzae type b Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Food poisoning Clostridium botulinum Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Clostridium perfringens Routine
Clostridium perfringens Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
Staphylococcus aureus Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
Furunculosis Staphylococcus aureus Routine Consider Contact precautions if uncontrolled drainage
Furunculosis (infants and young children) Staphylococcus aureus Contact Until no longer draining
Gangrene various Routine
Gas gangrene Clostridium perfringens Routine Rarely transmitted person-to-person
Gastroenteritis Adenovirus Refer to Gastroenteritis
Campylobacter Refer to Gastroenteritis
Coxsackievirus Refer to Enterovirus
Echovirus Refer to Enterovirus
Enterovirus (adult) Routine
Enterovirus (paediatric) Contact Duration of illness
Escherichia coli Refer to Gastroenteritis
Giardia lamblia Refer to Gastroenteritis
Norovirus Contact 48 hours after resolution of symptoms
Rotavirus Contact Duration of illness
Shigella Refer to Gastroenteritis
Vibrio cholerae Refer to Gastroenteritis
Vibrio parahaemolyticus Refer to Gastroenteritis
Vibrio vulnificus Refer to Gastroenteritis
Yersinia enterocolitica Refer to Gastroenteritis
Gastroenteritis (continent) not otherwise specified Routine
Gastroenteritis (diapered or incontinent) Enterovirus Contact Duration of illness
not otherwise specified Contact Duration of illness
Gastritis Helicobacter pylori Routine
Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum Neisseria gonorrhoeae Routine
Gonorrhea Neisseria gonorrhoeae Routine
Granuloma inguinale Klebsiella granulomatis Routine
Guillain-Barré syndrome — Routine Not an infectious disease
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome Hantavirus Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Herpes (disseminated, primary, or severe) Herpes simplex virus Contact Until lesions dry and crusted
Herpes (mucocutaneous recurrent) Herpes simplex virus Routine
Herpes (neonatal) Herpes simplex virus Contact Until lesions dry and crsted
Hookworm various Routine
Histoplasmosis Histoplasma capsulatum Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
HIV HIV Routine Sexually transmitted
Impetigo Staphylococcus aureus Contact 24 hours of effective therapy
Infectious mononucleosis and other syndromes Epstein-Barr virus Routine
Infectious mononucleosis Cytomegalovirus Routine
Influenza (seasonal) Influenza virus Droplet 7 days after onset or 24 hours asymptomatic (whichever longer)
Influenza (avian) Influenza virus
Influenza (pandemic) Influenza virus Droplet
Invasive Group A streptococcal disease Streptococcus pyogenes Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Kawasaki syndrome — Routine Not infectious
Legionellosis Legionella Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Leprosy Mycobacterium leprae Routine
Leptospirosis Leptospira Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Lice (head) Pediculus humanus humanus Contact Until 24 hours of effective therapy
Lice (body) Pediculus humanus capitis Routine Transmitted through clothing, so consider Contact precautions when undressing patient
Lice (pubic) Pthirus pubis Routine Sexually transmitted
Listeriosis Listeria Routine
Lyme disease Borrelia burgdorferi Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Lymphogranuloma venereum Chlamydia trachomatis Routine
Malaria Plasmodium Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Measles Measles virus Airborne 4 days after onset of rash
Measles (immunocompromised) Measles virus Airborne Duration of illness
Melioidosis Burkholderia pseudomallei Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Meningitis Gram-negative bacterium Routine
fungus Routine
Haemophilus influenzae type b Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Listeria monocytogenes Routine
Neisseria meningitidis Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Streptococcus pneumoniae Routine
Tuberculosis Routine Rule out pulmonary disease and draining adenitis
bacterium, not otherwise specified Routine
Meningitis (aseptic) various Routine Contact for infants and young children
Molluscum contagiosum Molluscum contagiosum virus Routine
Monkeypox Monkeypox virus Airborne + Contact Airborne until smallpox ruled out; contact until lesions crusted
Mucormycosis Mucorales Routine
Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) various (e.g. MRSA, VRE, ESBL) Contact Based on local guidelines
Mumps Mumps virus Droplet 5 days after onset of swelling
Necrotizing enterocolitis various Routine
Nocardiosis Nocardia Routine Not transmitted human-to-human
Orf Orf virus Routine
Parvovirus B19 (immunocompromised) Parvovirus B19 Droplet Duration of hospitalization
Parvovirus B19 (transient aplastic crisis) Parvovirus B19 Droplet 7 days
Pertussis Bordetella pertussis Droplet 5 days of effective therapy Single-patient room preferred; contacts may need post-exposure prophylaxis
Pharyngitis (infants and young children) Streptococcus pyogenes Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Pinworm Enterobius vermicularis Routine
Plague (bubonic) Yersinia pestis Routine
Plague (pneumonic) Yersinia pestis Droplet 48 hours of effective therapy Consider prophylaxis in healthcare workers
Pneumonia Adenovirus Droplet + Contact Duration of illness
Chlamydia pneumoniae Routine
fungus Routine
Legionella Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Droplet Duration of illness
Neisseria meningitidis Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Pneumocystis jiroveci Routine
Staphylococcus aureus Routine
Streptococcus pneumoniae Routine Droplet precautions if nosocomial outbreak
Streptococcus pyogenes Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
bacterium, not otherwise specified Routine
Pneumonia (adults) Haemophilus influenzae type b Routine
virus, not otherwise specified Routine
Pneumonia (children) Haemophilus influenzae type b Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Pneumonia (infants) Chlamydia trachomatis Routine
Pneumonia (infants and children) virus, not otherwise specified Contact Duration of illness
Poliomyelitis Poliovirus Contact Duration of illness
Pressure ulcer various Routine Contact precautions if draining
Prion disease Prions Routine
Psittacosis Chlamydia psittaci Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Q fever Coxiella burnetii Routine
Rabies Rabies virus Routine Very rare person-to-person transmission
Rat-bite fever Streptobacillus moniliformis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Rat-bite fever Spirillum minus Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
Relapsing fever various Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Respiratory infection Human metapneumovirus Contact Duration of illness
Respiratory infections (adults) not otherwise specified Routine
Respiratory infection (infants and young children) Parainfluenza virus Contact Duration of illness Prolonged shedding in immunocompromised
Respiratory infection (infants and children) not otherwise specified Contact Duration of illness
Respiratory infection (infants, young children, and immunocompromised) Respiratory syncytial virus Contact Duration of illness Immunocompromised patients may have prolonged shedding
Reye syndrome — Routine Not an infectious disease
Rheumatic fever Streptococcus pyogenes Routine
Rhinovirus Rhinovirus Droplet Duration of illness
Rickettsioses Rickettsia Routine Not transmitted human-to-human
Rickettsialpox (vesicular) Rickettsia akari Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Ringworm various Routine
Rocky Mountain spotted fever Rickettsia rickettsii Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Roseola infantum Roseolavirus Routine
Rubella Rubella virus Droplet 7 days after rash onset
Salmonellosis Salmonella Refer to Gastroenteritis
Scabies Sarcoptes scabiei Contact 24 hours of effective therapy
SARS coronavirus SARS-CoV Airborne + Droplet + Contact 10 days after symptoms resolve
Scalded skin syndrome Staphylococcus aureus Contact Duration of illness
Scarlet fever Streptococcus pyogenes Droplet 24 hours of appropriate therapy
Schistosomiasis Schistosoma Routine
Sepsis Neisseria meningitidis Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy Contacts may need post-exposure prophylaxis
Sepsis (neonatal) Group B streptococcus Routine
Shingles (disseminated or immunocompromised) Varicella-zoster virus Airborne + Contact Duration of illness
Shingles (localized in immunocompetent) Varicella-zoster virus Routine
Smallpox Smallpox virus Airborne + Contact Until all scabs have crusted and separated
Soft tissue infection (major) Staphylococcus aureus Contact Until drainage stops or is controlled
Soft tissue infection (severe) Streptococcus pyogenes Droplet + Contact 24 hours of effective therapy and drainage contained
Soft tissue infection (mild) Streptococcus pyogenes Routine If drainage controlled
Sporotrichosis Sporothrix schenckii Routine
Strongyloidiasis Strongyloides stercoralis Routine
Syphilis Treponema pallidum pallidum Routine
Syphilis (congenital) Treponema pallidum pallidum Contact 24 hours of effective therapy
Tapeworm Hymenolepis nana Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Taenia solium Routine
not otherwise specified Routine
Tetanus Botulinum tetani Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Tinea fungus Routine Rarely transmitted person-to-person
Toxic shock syndrome Staphylococcus aureus Routine
Streptococcus pyogenes Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma gondii Routine Generally not transmitted person-to-person
Trachoma Chlamydia trachomatis Routine
Trench mouth various Routine
Trichinosis Trichinella spiralis Routine
Trichomoniasis Trichomonas vaginalis Routine
Tuberculosis (draining lesion) Mycobacterium tuberculosis Airborne + Contact Until clinically improving and 3 negative cultures Rule out pulmonary disease
Tuberculosis (meningitis) Mycobacterium tuberculosis Routine Rule out pulmonary disease and draining lesions
Tuberculosis (pulmonary or laryngeal) Mycobacterium tuberculosis Airborne
Tuberculosis (latent) Mycobacterium tuberculosis Routine
Tularemia (draining lesion) Mycobacterium tuberculosis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Tularemia (pulmonary) Mycobacterium tuberculosis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Typhoid fever Salmonella enterica Refer to Gastroenteritis
Typhus (epidemic/louse-borne) Rickettsia prowazekii Routine
Typhus (murine/flea-borne) Rickettsia typhi Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Urinary tract infection including pyelonephritis various Routine
Vaccinia (vaccination site care) Vaccinia virus Routine Vaccinate healthcare workers
Vaccinia (eczema vaccinatum) Vaccinia virus Contact Until lesions are dry and crusted, and scabs separated
Vaccinia (fetal vaccinia) Vaccinia virus Contact Until lesions are dry and crusted, and scabs separated
Vaccinia (generalized vaccinia) Vaccinia virus Contact Until lesions are dry and crusted, and scabs separated
Vaccinia (progressive vaccinia) Vaccinia virus Contact Until lesions are dry and crusted, and scabs separated
Vaccinia (postvaccinia encephalitis) Vaccinia virus Routine
Vaccinia (blepharitis or conjunctivitis) Vaccinia virus Contact Until drainage stops
Vaccinia (iritis or keratitis) Vaccinia virus Routine
Vaccinia (erythema multiforme or SJS) Vaccinia virus Routine Not infectious
Varicella Varicella-zoster virus Airborne + Contact Until lesions dry and crusted
Varicella-zoster (pneumonia in immunocompromised) Varicella-zoster virus Airborne + Contact Duration of illness
Vincent angina various Routine
Viral hemorrhagic fever Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
Ebola virus Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
Lassa fever virus Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
Marburg virus Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
various Droplet + Contact Duration of illness
Viral hepatitis Hepatitis B virus Routine
Hepatitis C virus Routine
Hepatitis D virus Routine
Viral hepatitis (continent) Hepatitis A virus Routine Consider vaccination as post-exposure prophylaxis
Hepatitis E virus Routine
Viral hepatitis (diapered or incontinent) Hepatitis A virus Contact <3 years: duration of hospitalization; 3-14 years: 2 weeks after onset; >14 years: 1 week after onset
Hepatitis E virus Contact Duration of illness
Viral hepatitis Hepatitis G virus Routine
Whipworm Trichuris trichiura Routine
Zygomycosis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
various Haemophilus influenzae Refer to disease-specific recommendations
various Non-tuberculous mycobacteria Routine

Further Reading

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