Infection control precautions by disease: Difference between revisions

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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Disease
! Disease or syndrome !! Type of precautions !! Duration !! Notes
!Organisms!!Type of precautions!!Duration!!Notes
|-
|-
| Abscess (with significant drainage)
|[[Abscess]] (with significant drainage)
|various
| Contact
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
| Until drainage controlled
|Until drainage controlled
|
|
|-
|-
| Abscess (no significant drainage) || Routine || ||
|[[Abscess]] (no significant drainage)
|various
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Amoebiasis]]
| [[Actinomycosis]] || Routine || ||
|[[Entamoeba histolytica]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|Rarely transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
| [[Adenovirus]]
|[[Actinomycosis]]
|[[Actinomyces]]
| colspan=3 | Refer to specific syndrome (e.g. gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, or pneumonia)
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|[[Anthrax]]
| [[Amoebiasis]] || Routine || ||
|[[Bacillus anthracis]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|-
|-
| [[Anthrax]] || Routine || ||
|[[Anthrax]] (cutaneous)
|[[Bacillus anthracis]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|Contact precautions if significant drainage
|-
|-
| [[Anthrax]] (cutaneous) || Routine || ||
|[[Anthrax]] (pulmonary)
|[[Bacillus anthracis]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
| rowspan="7" |Arthropod-borne viral encephalitis
| [[Anthrax]] (pulmonary) || Routine || ||
|[[Eastern equine encephalitis]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|[[western equine encephalitis]]
| Arthropod-borne viral encephalitis (e.g. ([[eastern equine encephlitis]], [[western equine encephalitis]], [[Venezuelan equine encephalitis]], [[ St. Louis encephalitis]], [[California encephalitis]], [[West Nile virus]])
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
| Routine
|
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|[[Venezuelan equine encephalitis]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
|
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|[[ St. Louis encephalitis]]
| Arthropod-borne viral fever (e.g. [[dengue]], [[yellow fever]], [[Colorado tick fever]])
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
| Routine
|
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|[[California encephalitis]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
|
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
| [[Ascariasis]]
|[[West Nile virus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
| Routine
|
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|not otherwise specified
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
| rowspan="4" |Arthropod-borne viral fever
|[[Dengue virus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|[[Yellow fever virus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|[[Colorado tick fever virus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|not otherwise specified
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|[[Ascariasis]]
|[[Ascaris lumbricoides]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
| [[Aspergillosis]]
|[[Aspergillosis]]
|[[Aspergillus]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
| Can consider contact or airborne if large draining infection requiring repeat irrigations
|Can consider contact or airborne if large draining infection requiring repeat irrigations
|-
|-
| [[Babesiosis]] || Routine || ||
|[[Babesiosis]]
|[[Babesia microti]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
| [[Blastomycosis]] || Routine || ||
|[[Blastomycosis]]
|[[Blastomyces dermatitidis]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
| [[Botulism]] || Routine || ||
|[[Botulism]]
|[[Clostridium botulinum]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
| [[Botulism]] (food poisoning) || Routine || ||
|[[Botulism]] (food poisoning)
|[[Clostridium botulinum]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|-
|-
| [[Bronchiolitis]] || Contact || Duration of illness ||
|[[Bronchiolitis]]
|various
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|Duration of illness
|
|-
|-
| [[Brucellosis]] || Routine || ||
|[[Brucellosis]]
|[[Brucella melitensis]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|Burn infection
| [[Campylobacter species]] (gastroenteritis)
|[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
| colspan=3 | Refer to Gastroenteritis
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|Until drainage stops or is controlled
|
|-
|-
| [[Candidiasis]] || Routine || ||
|[[Candidiasis]]
|[[Candida]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|-
|-
| [[Cat-scratch fever]] || Routine || ||
|[[Cat-scratch fever]]
|[[Bartonella henselae]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
| [[Cellulitis]] || Routine || ||
|[[Cellulitis]]
|various
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|-
|-
| [[Chancroid]] || Routine || || Sexually-transmitted
|[[Chancroid]]
|[[Haemophilus ducreyi]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|Sexually transmitted
|-
|-
| [[Chickenpox]] || || || Refer to Varicella
|[[Chickenpox]]
|[[Varicella-zoster virus]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to Varicella
|-
|-
| [[Chlamydia trachomatis]] (conjunctivitis) || Routine || ||
|[[Chlamydia pneumoniae]]
|
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Cholera]]
| [[Chlamydia trachomatis]] (lymphogranuloma venereum) || Routine || ||
|[[Vibrio cholerae]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
|-
|-
|[[Clostridium difficile]]
| [[Chlamydia trachomatic]] (infant pneumonia) || Routine || ||
|[[Clostridium difficile]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|Duration of illness
|
|-
|-
|[[Coccidioidomycosis]]
| [[Chlamydia pneumoniae]] || Routine || ||
|[[Coccidioides immitis]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
| [[Cholera]]
|[[Congenital rubella]]
|[[Rubella virus]]
| colspan=3 | Refer to Gastroenteritis
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|Until 1 year of age
|Routine precautions if nasopharyngeal and urine cultures are repeatedly negative after 3 months of age
|-
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Conjunctivitis]]
| [[Clostridium botulinum]] || Routine || ||
|[[Adenovirus]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to specific syndrome (conjunctivitis)
|-
|-
| [[Clostridium difficile]]
|[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| Contact
|
| Duration of illness
|
|
|-
|-
|bacterium, not otherwise specified
| [[Clostridium perfringens]] (food poisoning) || Routine || ||
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|-
|-
|virus, not otherwise specified
| [[Clostridium perfringens]] (gas gangrene) || Routine || ||
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|Duration of illness
|Highly contageous
|-
|-
|[[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease]]
| [[Coccidioidomycosis]]
|[[Prions]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Croup]]
| [[Colorado tick fever]]
|various
| Routine
| colspan="3" |Refer to Respiratory infections in infants and young children
|-
|[[Cryptococcosis]]
|[[Cryptococcus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|[[Cryptosporidiosis]]
|[[Cryptosporidium]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
|-
|[[Cystic fibrosis]]
|various
|Contact
|
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
| [[Congenital rubella]]
|[[Cysticercosis]]
|[[Taenia solium]]
| Contact
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| Until 1 year of age
|
| Routine precautions if nasopharyngeal and urine cultures are repeatedly negative after 3 months of age
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|[[Cytomegalovirus]]
| [[Conjunctivitis]] (bacterial)
|[[Cytomegalovirus]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Dengue]]
| [[Conjuctivitis]] (viral)
|[[Dengue virus]]
| Contact
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| Duration of illness
|
| Highly contageous
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|[[Diphtheria]] (cutaneous)
|[[Corynebacterium diphtheriae]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|Until completed treatment and cultures negative
|Two cultures 24 hours apart
|-
|[[Diphtheria]] (pharyngeal)
|[[Corynebacterium diphtheriae]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
|Until completed treatment and cultures negative
|Two cultures 24 hours apart
|-
|-
| [[Coxsackie virus]]
|[[Echinococcosis]]
|[[Echinococcus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
| Refer to Enteroviral infection
|-
|-
|[[Encephalitis]]
| [[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease]]
|[[Herpes simplex virus]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Encephalitis]] or [[encephalomyelitis]]
|various
| colspan="3" |Refer to specific organism
|-
|-
| [[Croup]]
|[[Endometritis]]
|[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
| Refer to Respiratory infections in infants and young children
|-
|-
|[[Endometritis]]
| [[Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever]]
|various
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
| Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
|-
|-
| [[Cryptococcosis]]
|[[Epiglottitis]]
|[[Haemophilus influenzae]] type b
| Routine
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
|24 hours of effective therapy
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Food poisoning]]
|[[Clostridium botulinum]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|[[Clostridium perfringens]]
| [[Cryptosporidiosis]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| colspan=3 | Refer to Gastroenteritis
|-| [[Cysticercosis]]
| Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Clostridium perfringens]]
| [[Cytomegalovirus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
| Routine
|
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
|
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
| [[Dengue]]
|[[Furunculosis]]
|[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|Consider Contact precautions if uncontrolled drainage
|-
|[[Furunculosis]] (infants and young children)
|[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|Until no longer draining
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Gangrene]]
| [[Diphtheria]] (cutaneous)
|various
| Contact
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| Until completed treatment and cultures negative
|
| Two cultures 24 hours apart
|
|-
|[[Gas gangrene]]
|[[Clostridium perfringens]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|Rarely transmitted person-to-person
|-
| rowspan="15" |[[Gastroenteritis]]
|[[Adenovirus]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
|-
|[[Campylobacter]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
|-
|-
|[[Coxsackievirus]]
| [[Diphtheria]] (pharyngeal)
| colspan="3" |Refer to Enterovirus
| Droplet
| Until completed treatment and cultures negative
| Two cultures 24 hours apart
|-
|-
| [[Ebola]]
|[[Echovirus]]
| colspan=3 | Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
| colspan="3" |Refer to Enterovirus
|-
|-
|[[Enterovirus]] (adult)
| [[Echinococcosis]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Enterovirus]] (paediatric)
| [[Echovirus]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
| colspan=3 | Refer to Enteroviral infection
|Duration of illness
|
|-
|[[Escherichia coli]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
|-
|-
|[[Giardia lamblia]]
| [[Encephalitis]] or [[encephalomyelitis]]
| colspan=3 | Refer to specific organism
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
|-
|-
| [[Endometritis]]
|[[Norovirus]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
| Routine
|48 hours after resolution of symptoms
|
|
|-
|[[Rotavirus]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|Duration of illness
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Shigella]]
| [[Enterobiasis]] (pinworm)
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
| Routine
|-
|[[Vibrio cholerae]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
|-
|[[Vibrio parahaemolyticus]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
|-
|[[Vibrio vulnificus]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
|-
|[[Yersinia enterocolitica]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
|-
|[[Gastroenteritis]] (continent)
|not otherwise specified
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Gastroenteritis]] (diapered or incontinent)
| [[Enterovirus]] (continent)
|[[Enterovirus]]
| Routine
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|
|Duration of illness
|
|
|-
|-
|not otherwise specified
| [[Enterovirus]] (diapered or incontinent)
| Contact
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
| Duration of illness
|Duration of illness
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Gastritis]]
| [[Epiglottitis]] from [[Haemophilus influenzae]] type b
|[[Helicobacter pylori]]
| Droplet
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| 24 hours of effective therapy
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum]]
| [[Epstein-Barr virus]], including infectious mononucleosis
|[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Gonorrhea]]
| [[Escherichia coli]] (gastroenteritis)
|[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]]
| colspan=3 | Refer to Gastroenteritis
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Granuloma inguinale]]
| Gangrene
|[[Klebsiella granulomatis]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Guillain-Barré syndrome]]
| [[Gastroenteritis]] (continent)
|—
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|Not an infectious disease
|
|-
|-
|[[Hantavirus]] pulmonary syndrome
| [[Gastroenteritis]] (incontinent or diapered)
|[[Hantavirus]]
| Contact
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| Duration of illness
|
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|[[Herpes simplex virus|Herpes]] (disseminated, primary, or severe)
| [[Gastroenteritis]] ([[norovirus]])
|[[Herpes simplex virus]]
| Contact
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
| 48 hours after resolution of symptoms
|Until lesions dry and crusted
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Herpes simplex virus|Herpes]] (mucocutaneous recurrent)
| [[Gastroenteritis]] ([[rotavirus]])
|[[Herpes simplex virus]]
| Contact
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| Duration of illness
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Herpes simplex virus|Herpes]] (neonatal)
| [[Giardia lamblia]] (gastroenteritis)
|[[Herpes simplex virus]]
| colspan=3 | Refer to Gastroenteritis
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|Until lesions dry and crsted
|
|-
|-
|[[Hookworm]]
| Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum
|various
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
| [[Gonorrhea]]
|[[Histoplasmosis]]
|[[Histoplasma capsulatum]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|[[HIV]]
|[[HIV]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|Sexually transmitted
|-
|-
|[[Impetigo]]
| [[Granuloma inguinale]]
|[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
| Routine
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|24 hours of effective therapy
|
|-
|[[Infectious mononucleosis]] and other syndromes
|[[Epstein-Barr virus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Infectious mononucleosis]]
| [[Guillain-Barré syndrome]]
|[[Cytomegalovirus]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Influenza]] (seasonal)
| [[Haemophilus influenzae]]
|[[Influenza virus]]
| colspan=3 | Refer to disease-specific recommendations
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
|7 days after onset or 24 hours asymptomatic (whichever longer)
|
|-
|-
|[[Influenza]] (avian)
| [[Hantavirus]] pulmonary syndrome
|[[Influenza virus]]
| Routine
|
|
|
|
| Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|[[Influenza]] (pandemic)
| [[Helicobacter pylori]]
|[[Influenza virus]]
| Routine
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Invasive Group A streptococcal disease
| [[Hepatitis A virus]]
|[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]
| Routine
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
|
|24 hours of effective therapy
| Consider vaccination as post-exposure prophylaxis
|
|-
|-
|[[Kawasaki syndrome]]
| [[Hepatitis A virus]] (incontinent or diapered)
|—
| Contact
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| <3 years: duration of hospitalization; 3-14 years: 2 weeks after onset; >14 years: 1 week after onset
|
|
|Not infectious
|-
|-
| [[Hepatitis B virus]]
|[[Legionellosis]]
|[[Legionella]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|[[Leprosy]]
|[[Mycobacterium leprae]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
| [[Hepatitis C virus]]
|[[Leptospirosis]]
|[[Leptospira]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|[[Lice]] (head)
|[[Pediculus humanus humanus]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|Until 24 hours of effective therapy
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Lice]] (body)
| [[Hepatitis D virus]]
|[[Pediculus humanus capitis]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|Transmitted through clothing, so consider Contact precautions when undressing patient
|-
|[[Lice]] (pubic)
|[[Pthirus pubis]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|Sexually transmitted
|-
|-
| [[Hepatitis E virus]]
|[[Listeriosis]]
|[[Listeria]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Lyme disease]]
| [[Hepatitis E virus (incontinent or diapered)
|[[Borrelia burgdorferi]]
| Contact
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| Duration of illness
|
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|[[Lymphocytic choriomeningitis]]
| [[Hepatitis G virus]]
|[[Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|[[Lymphogranuloma venereum]]
|[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
| [[Hookworm]]
|[[Malaria]]
|[[Plasmodium]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|[[Measles]]
|[[Measles virus]]
| style="color:darkred" |Airborne
|4 days after onset of rash
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Measles]] (immunocompromised)
| [[Herpes simplex virus]] (encephalitis)
|[[Measles virus]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkred" |Airborne
|Duration of illness
|
|
|-
|[[Melioidosis]]
|[[Burkholderia pseudomallei]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
| rowspan="8" |[[Meningitis]]
| [[Herpes simplex virus]] (disseminated, primary, or severe)
|Gram-negative bacterium
| Contact
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| Until lesions dry and crusted
|
|
|
|-
|-
|fungus
| [[Herpes simplex virus]] (mucocutaneous recurrent)
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Haemophilus influenzae]] type b
| [[Herpes simplex virus]] (neonatal)
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
| Contact
|24 hours of effective therapy
| Until lesions dry and crsted
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Listeria monocytogenes]]
| [[Herpes zoster virus]] (disseminated or immunocompromised)
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| Airborne + contact
|
| Duration of illness
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Neisseria meningitidis]]
| [[Herpes zoster virus]] (localized in immunocompetent)
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
| Routine
|24 hours of effective therapy
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]
| [[Histoplasmosis]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
| Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
| [[HIV]]
|[[Tuberculosis]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|Rule out pulmonary disease and draining adenitis
| Sexually transmitted
|-
|-
|bacterium, not otherwise specified
| [[Human metapneumovirus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| Contact
|
| Duration of illness
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Meningitis]] (aseptic)
| [[Impetigo]]
|various
| Contact
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| 24 hours of effective therapy
|
|
|Contact for infants and young children
|-
|-
|[[Molluscum contagiosum]]
| [[Infectious mononucleosis
|[[Molluscum contagiosum virus]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Monkeypox]]
| [[Influenza]] (seasonal)
|[[Monkeypox virus]]
| Droplet
| style="color:darkred" |Airborne + Contact
| 7 days after onset or 24 hours asymptomatic (whichever longer)
| style="color:darkred" |Airborne until smallpox ruled out; contact until lesions crusted
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Mucormycosis]]
| [[Influenza]] (avian)
|[[Mucorales]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs)
|various (e.g. MRSA, VRE, ESBL)
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|
|Based on local guidelines
|-
|[[Mumps]]
|[[Mumps virus]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
|5 days after onset of swelling
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Necrotizing enterocolitis]]
| [[Influenza]] (pandemic)
|various
| Droplet
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
| [[Kawasaki syndrome]]
|[[Nocardiosis]]
|[[Nocardia]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|Not transmitted human-to-human
| Not infectious
|-
|-
| [[Lassa fever]]
|[[Orf]]
|[[Orf virus]]
| colspan=3 | Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Parvovirus B19]] (immunocompromised)
| [[Lesionellosis]]
|[[Parvovirus B19]]
| Routine
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
|Duration of hospitalization
|
|
| Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|[[Parvovirus B19]] (transient aplastic crisis)
| [[Leprosy]]
|[[Parvovirus B19]]
| Routine
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
|7 days
|
|
|-
|[[Pertussis]]
|[[Bordetella pertussis]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
|5 days of effective therapy
|Single-patient room preferred; contacts may need post-exposure prophylaxis
|-
|[[Pharyngitis]] (infants and young children)
|[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
|24 hours of effective therapy
|
|
|-
|-
| [[Leptospirosis]]
|[[Pinworm]]
|[[Enterobius vermicularis]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
| Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
| [[Lice]] (head)
|[[Plague]] (bubonic)
|[[Yersinia pestis]]
| Contact
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| Until 24 hours of effective therapy
|
|
|
|-
|[[Plague]] (pneumonic)
|[[Yersinia pestis]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
|48 hours of effective therapy
|Consider prophylaxis in healthcare workers
|-
|-
| rowspan="11" |[[Pneumonia]]
| [[Lice]] (body)
|[[Adenovirus]]
| Routine
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet + Contact
|Duration of illness
|
|
| Transmitted through clothing, so consider Contact precautions when undressing patient
|-
|-
|[[Chlamydia pneumoniae]]
| [[Lice]] (pubic)
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
| Sexually transmitted
|-
|-
|fungus
| [[Listeriosis]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
| [[Lyme disease]]
|[[Legionella]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
| Not transmitted person-to-person
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]
| [[Lymphocytic choriomeningitis]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
| Routine
|Duration of illness
|
|
| Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|[[Neisseria meningitidis]]
| [[Lymphogranuloma venereum]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
| Routine
|24 hours of effective therapy
|
|-
|[[Pneumocystis jiroveci]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
| [[Malaria]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
| Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]
| [[Marburg virus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| colspan=3 | Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
|
|Droplet precautions if nosocomial outbreak
|-
|-
|[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]
| [[Measles]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
| Airborne
|24 hours of effective therapy
| 4 days after onset of rash
|
|
|-
|-
|bacterium, not otherwise specified
| [[Measles]] (immunocompromised)
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| Airborne
|
| Duration of illness
|
|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Pneumonia]] (adults)
| [[Melioidosis]]
|[[Haemophilus influenzae]] type b
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|-
|virus, not otherwise specified
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
| Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
| [[Meningitis]] (aseptic)
|[[Pneumonia]] (children)
|[[Haemophilus influenzae]] type b
| Routine
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
|24 hours of effective therapy
|
|
| Contact for infants and young children
|-
|-
|[[Pneumonia]] (infants)
| [[Meningitis]] (Gram-negative bacterial)
|[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
| [[Meningitis]] (fungal)
|[[Pneumonia]] (infants and children)
|virus, not otherwise specified
| Routine
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|Duration of illness
|
|
|-
|[[Poliomyelitis]]
|[[Poliovirus]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|Duration of illness
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Pressure ulcer]]
| [[Meningitis]] ([[Haemophilus influenzae]] type b)
|various
| Droplet
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| 24 hours of effective therapy
|
|
|Contact precautions if draining
|-
|-
|[[Prion disease]]
| [[Meningitis]] ([[Listeria monocytogenes]])
|[[Prions]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Psittacosis]]
| [[Meningitis]] ([[Neisseria meningitidis]])
|[[Chlamydia psittaci]]
| Droplet
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| 24 hours of effective therapy
|
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|[[Q fever]]
| [[Meningitis]] ([[Streptococcus pneumoniae]])
|[[Coxiella burnetii]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Rabies]]
| [[Meningitis]] ([[Tuberculosis]])
|[[Rabies virus]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|Very rare person-to-person transmission
| Rule out pulmonary disease and draining adenitis
|-
|-
|[[Rat-bite fever]]
| [[Meningitis]] (other bacteria)
|[[Streptobacillus moniliformis]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|[[Rat-bite fever]]
|[[Spirillum minus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
|
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
| [[Molluscum contagiosum]]
|[[Relapsing fever]]
|various
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|Respiratory infection
|[[Human metapneumovirus]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|Duration of illness
|
|
|-
|-
|Respiratory infections (adults)
| [[Monkeypox]]
|not otherwise specified
| Airborne + Contact
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| Airborne until smallpox ruled out; contact until lesions crusted
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Respiratory infection (infants and young children)
| [[Mucormycosis]]
|[[Parainfluenza virus]]
| Routine
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|Duration of illness
|Prolonged shedding in immunocompromised
|-
|Respiratory infection (infants and children)
|not otherwise specified
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|Duration of illness
|
|
|-
|Respiratory infection (infants, young children, and immunocompromised)
|[[Respiratory syncytial virus]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|Duration of illness
|Immunocompromised patients may have prolonged shedding
|-
|[[Reye syndrome]]
|—
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|Not an infectious disease
|-
|-
|[[Rheumatic fever]]
| Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) (e.g. MRSA, VRE, ESBL)
|[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]
| Contact
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
| Based on local guidelines
|-
|-
| [[Mumps]]
|[[Rhinovirus]]
|[[Rhinovirus]]
| Droplet
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
| 5 days after onset of swelling
|Duration of illness
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Rickettsioses]]
| [[Mycoplasma]] (pneumonia)
|[[Rickettsia]]
| Droplet
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| Duration of illness
|
|
|Not transmitted human-to-human
|-
|-
|[[Rickettsialpox]] (vesicular)
| [[Necrotizing enterocolitis]]
|[[Rickettsia akari]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|[[Ringworm]]
|various
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Rocky Mountain spotted fever]]
| [[Neisseria meningitis]] (sepsis, pneumonia, or meningitis)
|[[Rickettsia rickettsii]]
| Droplet
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| 24 hours of effective therapy
|
| Contacts may need post-exposure prophylaxis
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
| [[Nocardiosis]]
|[[Roseola infantum]]
|[[Roseolavirus]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
| Not transmitted human-to-human
|-
|-
|[[Rubella]]
| [[Non-tuberculous mycobacteria]]
|[[Rubella virus]]
| Routine
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
|7 days after rash onset
|
|
|-
|[[Salmonellosis]]
|[[Salmonella]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
|-
|[[Scabies]]
|[[Sarcoptes scabiei]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|24 hours of effective therapy
|
|
|-
|-
|[[SARS coronavirus]]
| [[Norovirus]] (gastroenteritis)
|[[SARS-CoV]]
| colspan=3 | Refer to Gastroenteritis
| style="color:darkred" |Airborne + Droplet + Contact
|10 days after symptoms resolve
|
|-
|-
|[[Scalded skin syndrome]]
| [[Orf]]
|[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
| Routine
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|Duration of illness
|
|
|-
|[[Scarlet fever]]
|[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
|24 hours of appropriate therapy
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Schistosomiasis]]
| [[Parainfluenza]] (respiratory in infants and young children)
|[[Schistosoma]]
| Contact
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| Duration of illness
|
| Prolonged shedding in immunocompromised
|
|-
|-
|[[Sepsis]]
| [[Parvovirus B19]] (immunocompromised)
|[[Neisseria meningitidis]]
| Droplet
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
| Duration of hospitalization
|24 hours of effective therapy
|Contacts may need post-exposure prophylaxis
|-
|[[Neonatal sepsis|Sepsis (neonatal)]]
|[[Group B streptococcus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Shingles]] (disseminated or immunocompromised)
| [[Parvovirus B19]] (transient aplastic crisis)
|[[Varicella-zoster virus]]
| Droplet
| style="color:darkred" |Airborne + Contact
| 7 days
|Duration of illness
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Shingles]] (localized in immunocompetent)
| [[Pertussis]]
|[[Varicella-zoster virus]]
| Droplet
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| 5 days of effective therapy
|
| Single-patient room preferred; contacts may need post-exposure prophylaxis
|
|-
|-
| [[Pinworm]]
|[[Smallpox]]
|[[Smallpox virus]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkred" |Airborne + Contact
|Until all scabs have crusted and separated
|
|
|-
|[[Soft tissue infection]] (major)
|[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|Until drainage stops or is controlled
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Soft tissue infection]] (severe)
| [[Pneumonia]] ([[adenovirus]]
|[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]
| Droplet + Contact
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet + Contact
| Duration of illness
|24 hours of effective therapy and drainage contained
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Soft tissue infection]] (mild)
| [[Pneumonia]] (bacterial, not otherwise specified)
|[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|If drainage controlled
|-
|[[Sporotrichosis]]
|[[Sporothrix schenckii]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Strongyloidiasis]]
| [[Pneumonia]] ([[Chlamydia]])
|[[Strongyloides stercoralis]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
| [[Pneumonia]] (fungal)
|[[Syphilis]]
|[[Treponema pallidum pallidum]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Congenital syphilis|Syphilis (congenital)]]
| [[Pneumonia]] ([[H. influenzae]] type b in adults)
|[[Treponema pallidum pallidum]]
| Routine
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|24 hours of effective therapy
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Tapeworm]]
|[[Hymenolepis nana]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|[[Taenia solium]]
| [[Pneumonia]] ([[H. influenzae]] type b in infants and children)
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| Droplet
|
| 24 hours of effective therapy
|
|
|-
|-
|not otherwise specified
| [[Pneumonia]] ([[Legionella]])
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
| Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|[[Tetanus]]
| [[Pneumonia]] ([[Neisseria meningitidis]])
|[[Botulinum tetani]]
| Droplet
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| 24 hours of effective therapy
|
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|[[Tinea]]
| [[Pneumonia]] ([[Mycoplasma]])
|fungus
| Droplet
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| Duration of illness
|
|
|Rarely transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Toxic shock syndrome]]
| [[Pneumonia]] ([[Streptococcus pneumoniae]])
|[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
| Droplet precautions if nosocomial outbreak
|-
|-
|[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]
| [[Pneumonia]] ([[Pneumocystis jiroveci]])
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
| Routine
|24 hours of effective therapy
|
|
|-
|[[Toxoplasmosis]]
|[[Toxoplasma gondii]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|Generally not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|[[Trachoma]]
| [[Pneumonia]] ([[Staphylococcus aureus]])
|[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Trench mouth]]
| [[Pneumonia]] ([[Group A Streptococcus]] in infants and young children)
|various
| Droplet
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| 24 hours of effective therapy
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Trichinosis]]
| [[Pneumonia]] (viral in adults)
|[[Trichinella spiralis]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Trichomoniasis]]
| [[Pneumonia]] (viral in infants and children)
|[[Trichomonas vaginalis]]
| Contact
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| Duration of illness
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Tuberculosis]] (draining lesion)
| [[Poliomyelitis]]
|[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]
| Contact
| style="color:darkred" |Airborne + Contact
| Duration of illness
|Until clinically improving and 3 negative cultures
|Rule out pulmonary disease

|-
|[[Tuberculosis]] (meningitis)
|[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|Rule out pulmonary disease and draining lesions
|-
|-
|[[Tuberculosis]] (pulmonary or laryngeal)
| [[Pressure ulcer]]
|[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkred" |Airborne
|
|
|
| Contact precautions if draining
|-
|-
|[[Tuberculosis]] (latent)
| [[Prion disease]]
|[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Tularemia]] (draining lesion)
| [[Psittacosis]]
|[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
| Not transmitted person-to-person
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|[[Tularemia]] (pulmonary)
| [[Q fever]]
|[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|[[Typhoid fever]]
|[[Salmonella enterica]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
|-
|[[Typhus]] (epidemic/louse-borne)
|[[Rickettsia prowazekii]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Typhus]] (murine/flea-borne)
| [[Rabies]]
|[[Rickettsia typhi]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
| Very rare person-to-person transmission
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|[[Urinary tract infection]] including [[pyelonephritis]]
| [[Rat-bite fever]] ([[Streptobacillus moniliformis]] or [[Spirillum minus]])
|various
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
| Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|-
|[[Vaccinia]] (vaccination site care)
| [[Relapsing fever]]
|[[Vaccinia virus]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
| Not transmitted person-to-person
|Vaccinate healthcare workers
|-
|-
|[[Vaccinia]] (eczema vaccinatum)
| Respiratory infections (adults, not otherwise specified)
|[[Vaccinia virus]]
| Routine
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|Until lesions are dry and crusted, and scabs separated
|
|
|-
|[[Vaccinia]] (fetal vaccinia)
|[[Vaccinia virus]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|Until lesions are dry and crusted, and scabs separated
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Vaccinia]] (generalized vaccinia)
| Respiratory infections (infants and children, not otherwise specified)
|[[Vaccinia virus]]
| Contact
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
| Duration of illness
|Until lesions are dry and crusted, and scabs separated
|
|
|-
|-
| [[Rotavirus]] (gastroenteritis)
|[[Vaccinia]] (progressive vaccinia)
|[[Vaccinia virus]]
| colspan=3 | Refer to Gastroenteritis (rotavirus)
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|Until lesions are dry and crusted, and scabs separated
|
|-
|-
|[[Vaccinia]] (postvaccinia encephalitis)
| [[Salmonella species]] (gastroenteritis)
|[[Vaccinia virus]]
| colspan=3 | Refer to Gastroenteritis
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Vaccinia]] ([[blepharitis]] or [[conjunctivitis]])
| [[SARS-CoV]] || || ||
|[[Vaccinia virus]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|Until drainage stops
|
|-
|-
|[[Vaccinia]] ([[iritis]] or [[keratitis]])
| [[Shigella species]] (gastroenteritis)
|[[Vaccinia virus]]
| colspan=3 | Refer to Gastroenteritis
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Vaccinia]] ([[erythema multiforme]] or [[SJS]])
| [[Staphylococcus aureus]] (food poisoning)
|[[Vaccinia virus]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|Not infectious
|-
|[[Varicella]]
|[[Varicella-zoster virus]]
| style="color:darkred" |Airborne + Contact
|Until lesions dry and crusted
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Varicella-zoster]] (pneumonia in immunocompromised)
| [[Staphylococcus aureus]] (furunculosis)
|[[Varicella-zoster virus]]
| Routine
| style="color:darkred" |Airborne + Contact
|Duration of illness
|
|
| Consider Contact precautions if uncontrolled drainage
|-
|-
|[[Vincent angina]]
| [[Staphylococcus aureus]] (furunculosis in infants and young children)
|various
| Contact
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| Until no longer draining
|
|
|
|-
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Viral hemorrhagic fever]]
| [[Virbio cholerae]] (gastroenteritis)
|[[Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus]]
| colspan=3 | Refer to Gastroenteritis
| colspan="3" |Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
|-
|-
|[[Ebola virus]]
| [[Vibrio vulnificans]] (gastroenteritis)
| colspan=3 | Refer to Gastroenteritis
| colspan="3" |Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
|-
|-
|[[Lassa fever virus]]
| [[Yersinia enterocolitica]] (gastroenteritis)
| colspan=3 | Refer to Gastroenteritis
| colspan="3" |Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
|-
|-
|[[Marburg virus]]
| [[Yersinia pestis]] (bubonic plague)
| colspan="3" |Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
| Routine
|-
|various
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet + Contact
|Duration of illness
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Viral hepatitis]]
|[[Hepatitis B virus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Hepatitis C virus]]
| [[Yersinia pestis]] (pneumonic plague)
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
| Droplet
|
| 48 hours of effective therapy
|
| Consider prophylaxis in healthcare workers
|-
|[[Hepatitis D virus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Viral hepatitis]] (continent)
|[[Hepatitis A virus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|Consider vaccination as post-exposure prophylaxis
|-
|[[Hepatitis E virus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Viral hepatitis]] (diapered or incontinent)
|[[Hepatitis A virus]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|<3 years: duration of hospitalization; 3-14 years: 2 weeks after onset; >14 years: 1 week after onset
|
|-
|[[Hepatitis E virus]]
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
|Duration of illness
|
|-
|[[Viral hepatitis]]
|[[Hepatitis G virus]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|-
|[[Whipworm]]
|[[Trichuris trichiura]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|-
|[[Zygomycosis]]
|
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|Not transmitted person-to-person
|-
|various
|[[Haemophilus influenzae]]
| colspan="3" |Refer to disease-specific recommendations
|-
|various
|[[Non-tuberculous mycobacteria]]
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
|
|
|}
|}


== Further Reading ==
==Further Reading==

* [https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/isolation/appendix/type-duration-precautions.html CDC infection control guidelines]
*[https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/isolation/appendix/type-duration-precautions.html CDC Guidelines for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Healthcare Settings]
*Public Health Agency of Canada. [https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/phac-aspc/documents/services/publications/diseases-conditions/routine-practices-precautions-healthcare-associated-infections/routine-practices-precautions-healthcare-associated-infections-2016-FINAL-eng.pdf Routine Practices and Additional Precautions for Preventing the Transmission of Infection in Healthcare Settings]

Latest revision as of 23:27, 9 August 2024

Disease Organisms Type of precautions Duration Notes
Abscess (with significant drainage) various Contact Until drainage controlled
Abscess (no significant drainage) various Routine
Amoebiasis Entamoeba histolytica Routine Rarely transmitted person-to-person
Actinomycosis Actinomyces Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Anthrax Bacillus anthracis Routine
Anthrax (cutaneous) Bacillus anthracis Routine Contact precautions if significant drainage
Anthrax (pulmonary) Bacillus anthracis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Arthropod-borne viral encephalitis Eastern equine encephalitis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
western equine encephalitis Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
Venezuelan equine encephalitis Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
St. Louis encephalitis Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
California encephalitis Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
West Nile virus Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
not otherwise specified Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
Arthropod-borne viral fever Dengue virus Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Yellow fever virus Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
Colorado tick fever virus Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
not otherwise specified Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
Ascariasis Ascaris lumbricoides Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Aspergillosis Aspergillus Routine Can consider contact or airborne if large draining infection requiring repeat irrigations
Babesiosis Babesia microti Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Blastomycosis Blastomyces dermatitidis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Botulism Clostridium botulinum Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Botulism (food poisoning) Clostridium botulinum Routine
Bronchiolitis various Contact Duration of illness
Brucellosis Brucella melitensis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Burn infection Staphylococcus aureus Contact Until drainage stops or is controlled
Candidiasis Candida Routine
Cat-scratch fever Bartonella henselae Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Cellulitis various Routine
Chancroid Haemophilus ducreyi Routine Sexually transmitted
Chickenpox Varicella-zoster virus Refer to Varicella
Chlamydia pneumoniae Routine
Cholera Vibrio cholerae Refer to Gastroenteritis
Clostridium difficile Clostridium difficile Contact Duration of illness
Coccidioidomycosis Coccidioides immitis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Congenital rubella Rubella virus Contact Until 1 year of age Routine precautions if nasopharyngeal and urine cultures are repeatedly negative after 3 months of age
Conjunctivitis Adenovirus Refer to specific syndrome (conjunctivitis)
Chlamydia trachomatis Routine
bacterium, not otherwise specified Routine
virus, not otherwise specified Contact Duration of illness Highly contageous
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Prions Routine
Croup various Refer to Respiratory infections in infants and young children
Cryptococcosis Cryptococcus Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidium Refer to Gastroenteritis
Cystic fibrosis various Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
Cysticercosis Taenia solium Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Cytomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus Routine
Dengue Dengue virus Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Diphtheria (cutaneous) Corynebacterium diphtheriae Contact Until completed treatment and cultures negative Two cultures 24 hours apart
Diphtheria (pharyngeal) Corynebacterium diphtheriae Droplet Until completed treatment and cultures negative Two cultures 24 hours apart
Echinococcosis Echinococcus Routine
Encephalitis Herpes simplex virus Routine
Encephalitis or encephalomyelitis various Refer to specific organism
Endometritis Streptococcus pyogenes Routine
Endometritis various Routine
Epiglottitis Haemophilus influenzae type b Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Food poisoning Clostridium botulinum Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Clostridium perfringens Routine
Clostridium perfringens Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
Staphylococcus aureus Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
Furunculosis Staphylococcus aureus Routine Consider Contact precautions if uncontrolled drainage
Furunculosis (infants and young children) Staphylococcus aureus Contact Until no longer draining
Gangrene various Routine
Gas gangrene Clostridium perfringens Routine Rarely transmitted person-to-person
Gastroenteritis Adenovirus Refer to Gastroenteritis
Campylobacter Refer to Gastroenteritis
Coxsackievirus Refer to Enterovirus
Echovirus Refer to Enterovirus
Enterovirus (adult) Routine
Enterovirus (paediatric) Contact Duration of illness
Escherichia coli Refer to Gastroenteritis
Giardia lamblia Refer to Gastroenteritis
Norovirus Contact 48 hours after resolution of symptoms
Rotavirus Contact Duration of illness
Shigella Refer to Gastroenteritis
Vibrio cholerae Refer to Gastroenteritis
Vibrio parahaemolyticus Refer to Gastroenteritis
Vibrio vulnificus Refer to Gastroenteritis
Yersinia enterocolitica Refer to Gastroenteritis
Gastroenteritis (continent) not otherwise specified Routine
Gastroenteritis (diapered or incontinent) Enterovirus Contact Duration of illness
not otherwise specified Contact Duration of illness
Gastritis Helicobacter pylori Routine
Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum Neisseria gonorrhoeae Routine
Gonorrhea Neisseria gonorrhoeae Routine
Granuloma inguinale Klebsiella granulomatis Routine
Guillain-Barré syndrome — Routine Not an infectious disease
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome Hantavirus Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Herpes (disseminated, primary, or severe) Herpes simplex virus Contact Until lesions dry and crusted
Herpes (mucocutaneous recurrent) Herpes simplex virus Routine
Herpes (neonatal) Herpes simplex virus Contact Until lesions dry and crsted
Hookworm various Routine
Histoplasmosis Histoplasma capsulatum Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
HIV HIV Routine Sexually transmitted
Impetigo Staphylococcus aureus Contact 24 hours of effective therapy
Infectious mononucleosis and other syndromes Epstein-Barr virus Routine
Infectious mononucleosis Cytomegalovirus Routine
Influenza (seasonal) Influenza virus Droplet 7 days after onset or 24 hours asymptomatic (whichever longer)
Influenza (avian) Influenza virus
Influenza (pandemic) Influenza virus Droplet
Invasive Group A streptococcal disease Streptococcus pyogenes Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Kawasaki syndrome — Routine Not infectious
Legionellosis Legionella Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Leprosy Mycobacterium leprae Routine
Leptospirosis Leptospira Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Lice (head) Pediculus humanus humanus Contact Until 24 hours of effective therapy
Lice (body) Pediculus humanus capitis Routine Transmitted through clothing, so consider Contact precautions when undressing patient
Lice (pubic) Pthirus pubis Routine Sexually transmitted
Listeriosis Listeria Routine
Lyme disease Borrelia burgdorferi Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Lymphogranuloma venereum Chlamydia trachomatis Routine
Malaria Plasmodium Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Measles Measles virus Airborne 4 days after onset of rash
Measles (immunocompromised) Measles virus Airborne Duration of illness
Melioidosis Burkholderia pseudomallei Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Meningitis Gram-negative bacterium Routine
fungus Routine
Haemophilus influenzae type b Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Listeria monocytogenes Routine
Neisseria meningitidis Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Streptococcus pneumoniae Routine
Tuberculosis Routine Rule out pulmonary disease and draining adenitis
bacterium, not otherwise specified Routine
Meningitis (aseptic) various Routine Contact for infants and young children
Molluscum contagiosum Molluscum contagiosum virus Routine
Monkeypox Monkeypox virus Airborne + Contact Airborne until smallpox ruled out; contact until lesions crusted
Mucormycosis Mucorales Routine
Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) various (e.g. MRSA, VRE, ESBL) Contact Based on local guidelines
Mumps Mumps virus Droplet 5 days after onset of swelling
Necrotizing enterocolitis various Routine
Nocardiosis Nocardia Routine Not transmitted human-to-human
Orf Orf virus Routine
Parvovirus B19 (immunocompromised) Parvovirus B19 Droplet Duration of hospitalization
Parvovirus B19 (transient aplastic crisis) Parvovirus B19 Droplet 7 days
Pertussis Bordetella pertussis Droplet 5 days of effective therapy Single-patient room preferred; contacts may need post-exposure prophylaxis
Pharyngitis (infants and young children) Streptococcus pyogenes Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Pinworm Enterobius vermicularis Routine
Plague (bubonic) Yersinia pestis Routine
Plague (pneumonic) Yersinia pestis Droplet 48 hours of effective therapy Consider prophylaxis in healthcare workers
Pneumonia Adenovirus Droplet + Contact Duration of illness
Chlamydia pneumoniae Routine
fungus Routine
Legionella Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Droplet Duration of illness
Neisseria meningitidis Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Pneumocystis jiroveci Routine
Staphylococcus aureus Routine
Streptococcus pneumoniae Routine Droplet precautions if nosocomial outbreak
Streptococcus pyogenes Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
bacterium, not otherwise specified Routine
Pneumonia (adults) Haemophilus influenzae type b Routine
virus, not otherwise specified Routine
Pneumonia (children) Haemophilus influenzae type b Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Pneumonia (infants) Chlamydia trachomatis Routine
Pneumonia (infants and children) virus, not otherwise specified Contact Duration of illness
Poliomyelitis Poliovirus Contact Duration of illness
Pressure ulcer various Routine Contact precautions if draining
Prion disease Prions Routine
Psittacosis Chlamydia psittaci Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Q fever Coxiella burnetii Routine
Rabies Rabies virus Routine Very rare person-to-person transmission
Rat-bite fever Streptobacillus moniliformis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Rat-bite fever Spirillum minus Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
Relapsing fever various Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Respiratory infection Human metapneumovirus Contact Duration of illness
Respiratory infections (adults) not otherwise specified Routine
Respiratory infection (infants and young children) Parainfluenza virus Contact Duration of illness Prolonged shedding in immunocompromised
Respiratory infection (infants and children) not otherwise specified Contact Duration of illness
Respiratory infection (infants, young children, and immunocompromised) Respiratory syncytial virus Contact Duration of illness Immunocompromised patients may have prolonged shedding
Reye syndrome — Routine Not an infectious disease
Rheumatic fever Streptococcus pyogenes Routine
Rhinovirus Rhinovirus Droplet Duration of illness
Rickettsioses Rickettsia Routine Not transmitted human-to-human
Rickettsialpox (vesicular) Rickettsia akari Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Ringworm various Routine
Rocky Mountain spotted fever Rickettsia rickettsii Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Roseola infantum Roseolavirus Routine
Rubella Rubella virus Droplet 7 days after rash onset
Salmonellosis Salmonella Refer to Gastroenteritis
Scabies Sarcoptes scabiei Contact 24 hours of effective therapy
SARS coronavirus SARS-CoV Airborne + Droplet + Contact 10 days after symptoms resolve
Scalded skin syndrome Staphylococcus aureus Contact Duration of illness
Scarlet fever Streptococcus pyogenes Droplet 24 hours of appropriate therapy
Schistosomiasis Schistosoma Routine
Sepsis Neisseria meningitidis Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy Contacts may need post-exposure prophylaxis
Sepsis (neonatal) Group B streptococcus Routine
Shingles (disseminated or immunocompromised) Varicella-zoster virus Airborne + Contact Duration of illness
Shingles (localized in immunocompetent) Varicella-zoster virus Routine
Smallpox Smallpox virus Airborne + Contact Until all scabs have crusted and separated
Soft tissue infection (major) Staphylococcus aureus Contact Until drainage stops or is controlled
Soft tissue infection (severe) Streptococcus pyogenes Droplet + Contact 24 hours of effective therapy and drainage contained
Soft tissue infection (mild) Streptococcus pyogenes Routine If drainage controlled
Sporotrichosis Sporothrix schenckii Routine
Strongyloidiasis Strongyloides stercoralis Routine
Syphilis Treponema pallidum pallidum Routine
Syphilis (congenital) Treponema pallidum pallidum Contact 24 hours of effective therapy
Tapeworm Hymenolepis nana Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Taenia solium Routine
not otherwise specified Routine
Tetanus Botulinum tetani Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Tinea fungus Routine Rarely transmitted person-to-person
Toxic shock syndrome Staphylococcus aureus Routine
Streptococcus pyogenes Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma gondii Routine Generally not transmitted person-to-person
Trachoma Chlamydia trachomatis Routine
Trench mouth various Routine
Trichinosis Trichinella spiralis Routine
Trichomoniasis Trichomonas vaginalis Routine
Tuberculosis (draining lesion) Mycobacterium tuberculosis Airborne + Contact Until clinically improving and 3 negative cultures Rule out pulmonary disease
Tuberculosis (meningitis) Mycobacterium tuberculosis Routine Rule out pulmonary disease and draining lesions
Tuberculosis (pulmonary or laryngeal) Mycobacterium tuberculosis Airborne
Tuberculosis (latent) Mycobacterium tuberculosis Routine
Tularemia (draining lesion) Mycobacterium tuberculosis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Tularemia (pulmonary) Mycobacterium tuberculosis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Typhoid fever Salmonella enterica Refer to Gastroenteritis
Typhus (epidemic/louse-borne) Rickettsia prowazekii Routine
Typhus (murine/flea-borne) Rickettsia typhi Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Urinary tract infection including pyelonephritis various Routine
Vaccinia (vaccination site care) Vaccinia virus Routine Vaccinate healthcare workers
Vaccinia (eczema vaccinatum) Vaccinia virus Contact Until lesions are dry and crusted, and scabs separated
Vaccinia (fetal vaccinia) Vaccinia virus Contact Until lesions are dry and crusted, and scabs separated
Vaccinia (generalized vaccinia) Vaccinia virus Contact Until lesions are dry and crusted, and scabs separated
Vaccinia (progressive vaccinia) Vaccinia virus Contact Until lesions are dry and crusted, and scabs separated
Vaccinia (postvaccinia encephalitis) Vaccinia virus Routine
Vaccinia (blepharitis or conjunctivitis) Vaccinia virus Contact Until drainage stops
Vaccinia (iritis or keratitis) Vaccinia virus Routine
Vaccinia (erythema multiforme or SJS) Vaccinia virus Routine Not infectious
Varicella Varicella-zoster virus Airborne + Contact Until lesions dry and crusted
Varicella-zoster (pneumonia in immunocompromised) Varicella-zoster virus Airborne + Contact Duration of illness
Vincent angina various Routine
Viral hemorrhagic fever Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
Ebola virus Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
Lassa fever virus Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
Marburg virus Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
various Droplet + Contact Duration of illness
Viral hepatitis Hepatitis B virus Routine
Hepatitis C virus Routine
Hepatitis D virus Routine
Viral hepatitis (continent) Hepatitis A virus Routine Consider vaccination as post-exposure prophylaxis
Hepatitis E virus Routine
Viral hepatitis (diapered or incontinent) Hepatitis A virus Contact <3 years: duration of hospitalization; 3-14 years: 2 weeks after onset; >14 years: 1 week after onset
Hepatitis E virus Contact Duration of illness
Viral hepatitis Hepatitis G virus Routine
Whipworm Trichuris trichiura Routine
Zygomycosis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
various Haemophilus influenzae Refer to disease-specific recommendations
various Non-tuberculous mycobacteria Routine

Further Reading

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