Infection control precautions by disease: Difference between revisions

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{| class="wikitable"
 +
{| class="wikitable sortable"
  +
!Disease
−
! Disease or syndrome !! Type of precautions !! Duration !! Notes
  
  +
!Organisms!!Type of precautions!!Duration!!Notes
 
|-
  
|-
−
| Abscess (with significant drainage)
 +
|[[Abscess]] (with significant drainage)
  +
|various
−
| Contact
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
−
| Until drainage controlled
  
  +
|Until drainage controlled
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| Abscess (no significant drainage) || Routine || ||
 +
|[[Abscess]] (no significant drainage)
  +
|various
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
  +
|
  +
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Actinomycosis]]
 +
|[[Amoebiasis]]
  +
|[[Entamoeba histolytica]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
 +
|Rarely transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Adenovirus]]
 +
|[[Actinomycosis]]
  +
|[[Actinomyces]]
−
| colspan=3 | Refer to specific syndrome (e.g. gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, or pneumonia)
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
  +
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Amoebiasis]]
 +
|[[Anthrax]]
  +
|[[Bacillus anthracis]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
  +
|
 
|
  
|
−
| Rarely transmitted person-to-person
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Anthrax]] || Routine || ||
 +
|[[Anthrax]] (cutaneous)
  +
|[[Bacillus anthracis]]
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
  +
|
  +
|Contact precautions if significant drainage
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Anthrax]] (cutaneous)
 +
|[[Anthrax]] (pulmonary)
  +
|[[Bacillus anthracis]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
−
| Contact precautions if significant drainage
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| rowspan="7" |Arthropod-borne viral encephalitis
−
| [[Anthrax]] (pulmonary)
  
  +
|[[Eastern equine encephalitis]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
 +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[western equine encephalitis]]
−
| Arthropod-borne viral encephalitis (e.g. ([[eastern equine encephlitis]], [[western equine encephalitis]], [[Venezuelan equine encephalitis]], [[ St. Louis encephalitis]], [[California encephalitis]], [[West Nile virus]])
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
−
| Routine
  
 
|
  
|
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
 +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Venezuelan equine encephalitis]]
−
| Arthropod-borne viral fever (e.g. [[dengue]], [[yellow fever]], [[Colorado tick fever]])
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
−
| Routine
  
 
|
  
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
  +
|-
  +
|[[ St. Louis encephalitis]]
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
 
|
  
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[California encephalitis]]
−
| [[Ascariasis]]
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
−
| Routine
  
 
|
  
|
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
 +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
−
|-
+
|-
−
| [[Aspergillosis]]
 +
|[[West Nile virus]]
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
−
| Routine
  
 
|
  
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
−
| Can consider contact or airborne if large draining infection requiring repeat irrigations
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|not otherwise specified
−
| [[Babesiosis]] || Routine || || Not transmitted person-to-person
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
  +
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| rowspan="4" |Arthropod-borne viral fever
−
| [[Blastomycosis]] || Routine || || Not transmitted person-to-person
  
  +
|[[Dengue virus]]
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
  +
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Yellow fever virus]]
−
| [[Botulism]] || Routine || || Not transmitted person-to-person
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
  +
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Colorado tick fever virus]]
−
| [[Botulism]] (food poisoning) || Routine || ||
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
  +
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|not otherwise specified
−
| [[Bronchiolitis]] || Contact || Duration of illness ||
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
  +
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Ascariasis]]
−
| [[Brucellosis]] || Routine || || Not transmitted person-to-person
  
  +
|[[Ascaris lumbricoides]]
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
  +
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
  +
|-
  +
|[[Aspergillosis]]
  +
|[[Aspergillus]]
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
  +
|
  +
|Can consider contact or airborne if large draining infection requiring repeat irrigations
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Babesiosis]]
−
| [[Campylobacter species]] (gastroenteritis)
  
  +
|[[Babesia microti]]
−
| colspan=3 | Refer to Gastroenteritis
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
  +
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Blastomycosis]]
−
| [[Candidiasis]] || Routine || ||
  
  +
|[[Blastomyces dermatitidis]]
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
  +
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Botulism]]
−
| [[Cat-scratch fever]] || Routine || || Not transmitted person-to-person
  
  +
|[[Clostridium botulinum]]
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
  +
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Botulism]] (food poisoning)
−
| [[Cellulitis]] || Routine || ||
  
  +
|[[Clostridium botulinum]]
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
  +
|
  +
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Bronchiolitis]]
−
| [[Chancroid]] || Routine || || Sexually transmitted
  
  +
|various
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
  +
|Duration of illness
  +
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Brucellosis]]
−
| [[Chickenpox]] || || || Refer to Varicella
  
  +
|[[Brucella melitensis]]
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
  +
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|Burn infection
−
| [[Chlamydia trachomatis]] (conjunctivitis) || Routine || ||
  
  +
|[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
  +
|Until drainage stops or is controlled
  +
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Candidiasis]]
−
| [[Chlamydia trachomatis]] (lymphogranuloma venereum) || Routine || ||
  
  +
|[[Candida]]
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
  +
|
  +
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Cat-scratch fever]]
−
| [[Chlamydia trachomatic]] (infant pneumonia) || Routine || ||
  
  +
|[[Bartonella henselae]]
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
  +
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Cellulitis]]
−
| [[Chlamydia pneumoniae]] || Routine || ||
  
  +
|various
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
  +
|
  +
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Cholera]]
 +
|[[Chancroid]]
  +
|[[Haemophilus ducreyi]]
−
| colspan=3 | Refer to Gastroenteritis
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
  +
|
  +
|Sexually transmitted
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Chickenpox]]
−
| [[Clostridium botulinum]] || Routine || || Not transmitted person-to-person
  
  +
|[[Varicella-zoster virus]]
  +
| colspan="3" |Refer to Varicella
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Clostridium difficile]]
 +
|[[Chlamydia pneumoniae]]
  +
|
−
| Contact
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
| Duration of illness
  
−
|
+
|
−
|-
 +
|
−
| [[Clostridium perfringens]] (food poisoning) || Routine || ||
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Cholera]]
−
| [[Clostridium perfringens]] (gas gangrene) || Routine || || Rarely transmitted person-to-person
  
  +
|[[Vibrio cholerae]]
  +
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Clostridium difficile]]
−
| [[Coccidioidomycosis]]
  
  +
|[[Clostridium difficile]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
  +
|Duration of illness
 
|
  
|
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Coccidioidomycosis]]
−
| [[Colorado tick fever]]
  
  +
|[[Coccidioides immitis]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
 +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Congenital rubella]]
 +
|[[Congenital rubella]]
  +
|[[Rubella virus]]
−
| Contact
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
−
| Until 1 year of age
  
  +
|Until 1 year of age
−
| Routine precautions if nasopharyngeal and urine cultures are repeatedly negative after 3 months of age
  
  +
|Routine precautions if nasopharyngeal and urine cultures are repeatedly negative after 3 months of age
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Conjunctivitis]] (bacterial)
 +
| rowspan="4" |[[Conjunctivitis]]
  +
|[[Adenovirus]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| colspan="3" |Refer to specific syndrome (conjunctivitis)
  +
|-
  +
|[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|bacterium, not otherwise specified
−
| [[Conjuctivitis]] (viral)
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
| Contact
  
−
| Duration of illness
  
−
| Highly contageous
  
−
|-
  
−
| [[Coxsackie virus]]
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
| Refer to Enteroviral infection
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|virus, not otherwise specified
−
| [[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease]]
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
−
| Routine
  
  +
|Duration of illness
−
|
 
  +
|Highly contageous
−
|
 
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease]]
−
| [[Croup]]
  
  +
|[[Prions]]
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
| Refer to Respiratory infections in infants and young children
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Croup]]
−
| [[Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever]]
  
  +
|various
−
|
  
  +
| colspan="3" |Refer to Respiratory infections in infants and young children
−
|
  
−
| Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Cryptococcosis]]
 +
|[[Cryptococcosis]]
  +
|[[Cryptococcus]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
 +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Cryptosporidiosis]]
 +
|[[Cryptosporidiosis]]
  +
|[[Cryptosporidium]]
−
| colspan=3 | Refer to Gastroenteritis
  
  +
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Cysticercosis]]
 +
|[[Cystic fibrosis]]
  +
|various
−
| Routine
  
  +
|Contact
 
|
  
|
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
 +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Cytomegalovirus]]
 +
|[[Cysticercosis]]
  +
|[[Taenia solium]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
  +
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
  +
|-
  +
|[[Cytomegalovirus]]
  +
|[[Cytomegalovirus]]
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Dengue]]
 +
|[[Dengue]]
  +
|[[Dengue virus]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
 +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Diphtheria]] (cutaneous)
 +
|[[Diphtheria]] (cutaneous)
  +
|[[Corynebacterium diphtheriae]]
−
| Contact
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
−
| Until completed treatment and cultures negative
  
  +
|Until completed treatment and cultures negative
−
| Two cultures 24 hours apart
  
  +
|Two cultures 24 hours apart
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Diphtheria]] (pharyngeal)
 +
|[[Diphtheria]] (pharyngeal)
  +
|[[Corynebacterium diphtheriae]]
−
| Droplet
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
−
| Until completed treatment and cultures negative
  
  +
|Until completed treatment and cultures negative
−
| Two cultures 24 hours apart
  
  +
|Two cultures 24 hours apart
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Ebola]]
 +
|[[Echinococcosis]]
  +
|[[Echinococcus]]
−
| colspan=3 | Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
  +
|
  +
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Echinococcosis]]
 +
|[[Encephalitis]]
  +
|[[Herpes simplex virus]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Encephalitis]] or [[encephalomyelitis]]
−
| [[Echovirus]]
  
  +
|various
−
| colspan=3 | Refer to Enteroviral infection
  
  +
| colspan="3" |Refer to specific organism
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Endometritis]]
−
| [[Encephalitis]] or [[encephalomyelitis]]
  
  +
|[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]
−
| colspan=3 | Refer to specific organism
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
|-
  
−
| [[Endometritis]]
  
−
| Routine
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Endometritis]]
−
| [[Enterobiasis]] (pinworm)
  
  +
|various
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Epiglottitis]]
−
| [[Enterovirus]] (continent)
  
  +
|[[Haemophilus influenzae]] type b
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
−
|
 
  +
|24 hours of effective therapy
−
|
 
  +
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| rowspan="4" |[[Food poisoning]]
−
| [[Enterovirus]] (diapered or incontinent)
  
  +
|[[Clostridium botulinum]]
−
| Contact
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
| Duration of illness
  
 
|
  
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Clostridium perfringens]]
−
| [[Epiglottitis]] from [[Haemophilus influenzae]] type b
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
| Droplet
  
  +
|
−
| 24 hours of effective therapy
  
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Clostridium perfringens]]
−
| [[Epstein-Barr virus]], including infectious mononucleosis
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
−
| Routine
  
−
|
+
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
−
|
 
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
−
| [[Escherichia coli]] (gastroenteritis)
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
−
| colspan=3 | Refer to Gastroenteritis
  
  +
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Furunculosis]]
−
| Food poisoning (botulism, clostridial, staphylococcal)
  
  +
|[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
  +
|Consider Contact precautions if uncontrolled drainage
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Furunculosis]] (infants and young children)
−
| Gangrene
  
  +
|[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
  +
|Until no longer draining
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
|[[Gangrene]]
  +
|various
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Gas gangrene]]
−
| [[Gastroenteritis]] (continent)
  
  +
|[[Clostridium perfringens]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
  +
|Rarely transmitted person-to-person
−
|
 
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Gastroenteritis]] (incontinent or diapered)
 +
| rowspan="15" |[[Gastroenteritis]]
  +
|[[Adenovirus]]
−
| Contact
  
  +
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
−
| Duration of illness
  
−
|
 
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Campylobacter]]
−
| [[Gastroenteritis]] ([[norovirus]])
  
  +
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
−
| Contact
  
−
| 48 hours after resolution of symptoms
  
−
|
 
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Coxsackievirus]]
−
| [[Gastroenteritis]] ([[rotavirus]])
  
  +
| colspan="3" |Refer to Enterovirus
−
| Contact
  
−
| Duration of illness
  
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Echovirus]]
−
| [[Giardia lamblia]] (gastroenteritis)
  
−
| colspan=3 | Refer to Gastroenteritis
 +
| colspan="3" |Refer to Enterovirus
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Enterovirus]] (adult)
−
| Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum
  
−
| Routine
 +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Enterovirus]] (paediatric)
−
| [[Gonorrhea]]
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
−
| Routine
  
  +
|Duration of illness
−
|
  
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Granuloma inguinale]]
 +
|[[Escherichia coli]]
  +
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
−
| Routine
  
−
|
 +
|-
  +
|[[Giardia lamblia]]
  +
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
  +
|-
  +
|[[Norovirus]]
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
  +
|48 hours after resolution of symptoms
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Rotavirus]]
−
| [[Guillain-Barré syndrome]]
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
−
| Routine
  
  +
|Duration of illness
 
|
  
|
−
| Not an infectious disease
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Shigella]]
−
| [[Haemophilus influenzae]]
  
−
| colspan=3 | Refer to disease-specific recommendations
 +
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Vibrio cholerae]]
−
| [[Hantavirus]] pulmonary syndrome
  
  +
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
−
| Routine
  
−
|
  
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Vibrio parahaemolyticus]]
−
| [[Helicobacter pylori]]
  
  +
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
−
| Routine
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Hepatitis A virus]]
 +
|[[Vibrio vulnificus]]
  +
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
−
| Routine
  
−
|
 
−
| Consider vaccination as post-exposure prophylaxis
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Yersinia enterocolitica]]
−
| [[Hepatitis A virus]] (incontinent or diapered)
  
  +
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
−
| Contact
  
−
| <3 years: duration of hospitalization; 3-14 years: 2 weeks after onset; >14 years: 1 week after onset
  
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Gastroenteritis]] (continent)
−
| [[Hepatitis B virus]]
  
  +
|not otherwise specified
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| rowspan="2" |[[Gastroenteritis]] (diapered or incontinent)
−
| [[Hepatitis C virus]]
  
  +
|[[Enterovirus]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
  +
|Duration of illness
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
|not otherwise specified
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
  +
|Duration of illness
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Hepatitis D virus]]
 +
|[[Gastritis]]
  +
|[[Helicobacter pylori]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum]]
−
| [[Hepatitis E virus]]
  
  +
|[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Gonorrhea]]
−
| [[Hepatitis E virus (incontinent or diapered)
  
  +
|[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]]
−
| Contact
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
| Duration of illness
  
  +
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Hepatitis G virus]]
 +
|[[Granuloma inguinale]]
  +
|[[Klebsiella granulomatis]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Guillain-Barré syndrome]]
−
| [[Hookworm]]
  
  +
|—
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
|
  
 
|
  
|
  +
|Not an infectious disease
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Hantavirus]] pulmonary syndrome
−
| [[Herpes simplex virus]] (encephalitis)
  
  +
|[[Hantavirus]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
|
  
 
|
  
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Herpes simplex virus]] (disseminated, primary, or severe)
 +
|[[Herpes simplex virus|Herpes]] (disseminated, primary, or severe)
  +
|[[Herpes simplex virus]]
−
| Contact
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
−
| Until lesions dry and crusted
  
  +
|Until lesions dry and crusted
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Herpes simplex virus]] (mucocutaneous recurrent)
 +
|[[Herpes simplex virus|Herpes]] (mucocutaneous recurrent)
  +
|[[Herpes simplex virus]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Herpes simplex virus]] (neonatal)
 +
|[[Herpes simplex virus|Herpes]] (neonatal)
  +
|[[Herpes simplex virus]]
−
| Contact
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
−
| Until lesions dry and crsted
  
  +
|Until lesions dry and crsted
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Hookworm]]
−
| [[Herpes zoster virus]] (disseminated or immunocompromised)
  
  +
|various
−
| Airborne + contact
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
| Duration of illness
  
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
| [[Herpes zoster virus]] (localized in immunocompetent)
  
−
| Routine
  
−
|
 
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Histoplasmosis]]
 +
|[[Histoplasmosis]]
  +
|[[Histoplasma capsulatum]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
 +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[HIV]]
 +
|[[HIV]]
  +
|[[HIV]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
−
| Sexually transmitted
 +
|Sexually transmitted
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Impetigo]]
−
| [[Human metapneumovirus]]
  
  +
|[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
−
| Contact
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
−
| Duration of illness
  
  +
|24 hours of effective therapy
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Infectious mononucleosis]] and other syndromes
−
| [[Impetigo]]
  
  +
|[[Epstein-Barr virus]]
−
| Contact
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
| 24 hours of effective therapy
  
  +
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Infectious mononucleosis
 +
|[[Infectious mononucleosis]]
  +
|[[Cytomegalovirus]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Influenza]] (seasonal)
 +
|[[Influenza]] (seasonal)
  +
|[[Influenza virus]]
−
| Droplet
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
−
| 7 days after onset or 24 hours asymptomatic (whichever longer)
  
  +
|7 days after onset or 24 hours asymptomatic (whichever longer)
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Influenza]] (avian)
 +
|[[Influenza]] (avian)
  +
|[[Influenza virus]]
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Influenza]] (pandemic)
 +
|[[Influenza]] (pandemic)
  +
|[[Influenza virus]]
−
| Droplet
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|Invasive Group A streptococcal disease
−
| [[Kawasaki syndrome]]
  
  +
|[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
  +
|24 hours of effective therapy
 
|
  
|
−
| Not infectious
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Lassa fever]]
 +
|[[Kawasaki syndrome]]
  +
|—
−
| colspan=3 | Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
  +
|
  +
|Not infectious
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Lesionellosis]]
 +
|[[Legionellosis]]
  +
|[[Legionella]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
 +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Leprosy]]
 +
|[[Leprosy]]
  +
|[[Mycobacterium leprae]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Leptospirosis]]
 +
|[[Leptospirosis]]
  +
|[[Leptospira]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
 +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Lice]] (head)
 +
|[[Lice]] (head)
  +
|[[Pediculus humanus humanus]]
−
| Contact
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
−
| Until 24 hours of effective therapy
  
  +
|Until 24 hours of effective therapy
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Lice]] (body)
 +
|[[Lice]] (body)
  +
|[[Pediculus humanus capitis]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
−
| Transmitted through clothing, so consider Contact precautions when undressing patient
 +
|Transmitted through clothing, so consider Contact precautions when undressing patient
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Lice]] (pubic)
 +
|[[Lice]] (pubic)
  +
|[[Pthirus pubis]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
−
| Sexually transmitted
 +
|Sexually transmitted
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Listeriosis]]
 +
|[[Listeriosis]]
  +
|[[Listeria]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
  +
|
 
|
  
|
−
|
 
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Lyme disease]]
 +
|[[Lyme disease]]
  +
|[[Borrelia burgdorferi]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
 +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Lymphocytic choriomeningitis]]
 +
|[[Lymphocytic choriomeningitis]]
  +
|[[Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
 +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Lymphogranuloma venereum]]
 +
|[[Lymphogranuloma venereum]]
  +
|[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Malaria]]
 +
|[[Malaria]]
  +
|[[Plasmodium]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
 +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Marburg virus]]
 +
|[[Measles]]
  +
|[[Measles virus]]
−
| colspan=3 | Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
  
  +
| style="color:darkred" |Airborne
−
|-
  
  +
|4 days after onset of rash
−
| [[Measles]]
  
−
| Airborne
  
−
| 4 days after onset of rash
  
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Measles]] (immunocompromised)
 +
|[[Measles]] (immunocompromised)
  +
|[[Measles virus]]
−
| Airborne
  
  +
| style="color:darkred" |Airborne
−
| Duration of illness
  
  +
|Duration of illness
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Melioidosis]]
 +
|[[Melioidosis]]
  +
|[[Burkholderia pseudomallei]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
 +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Meningitis]] (aseptic)
 +
| rowspan="8" |[[Meningitis]]
  +
|Gram-negative bacterium
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
  +
|
 
|
  
|
−
| Contact for infants and young children
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|fungus
−
| [[Meningitis]] (Gram-negative bacterial)
  
−
| Routine
 +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Haemophilus influenzae]] type b
−
| [[Meningitis]] (fungal)
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
−
| Routine
  
  +
|24 hours of effective therapy
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
|[[Listeria monocytogenes]]
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Neisseria meningitidis]]
−
| [[Meningitis]] ([[Haemophilus influenzae]] type b)
  
−
| Droplet
 +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
−
| 24 hours of effective therapy
 +
|24 hours of effective therapy
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]
−
| [[Meningitis]] ([[Listeria monocytogenes]])
  
−
| Routine
 +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Tuberculosis]]
−
| [[Meningitis]] ([[Neisseria meningitidis]])
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
| Droplet
  
−
| 24 hours of effective therapy
  
 
|
  
|
  +
|Rule out pulmonary disease and draining adenitis
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|bacterium, not otherwise specified
−
| [[Meningitis]] ([[Streptococcus pneumoniae]])
  
−
| Routine
 +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
|
+
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Meningitis]] ([[Tuberculosis]])
 +
|[[Meningitis]] (aseptic)
  +
|various
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
  +
|Contact for infants and young children
−
| Rule out pulmonary disease and draining adenitis
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Molluscum contagiosum]]
−
| [[Meningitis]] (other bacteria)
  
  +
|[[Molluscum contagiosum virus]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Monkeypox]]
−
| [[Molluscum contagiosum]]
  
  +
|[[Monkeypox virus]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkred" |Airborne + Contact
  +
| style="color:darkred" |Airborne until smallpox ruled out; contact until lesions crusted
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
|[[Mucormycosis]]
  +
|[[Mucorales]]
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs)
−
| [[Monkeypox]]
  
  +
|various (e.g. MRSA, VRE, ESBL)
−
| Airborne + Contact
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
−
| Airborne until smallpox ruled out; contact until lesions crusted
  
 
|
  
|
  +
|Based on local guidelines
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Mucormycosis]]
 +
|[[Mumps]]
  +
|[[Mumps virus]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
  +
|5 days after onset of swelling
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
|[[Necrotizing enterocolitis]]
  +
|various
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Nocardiosis]]
−
| Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) (e.g. MRSA, VRE, ESBL)
  
  +
|[[Nocardia]]
−
| Contact
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
  +
|Not transmitted human-to-human
−
| Based on local guidelines
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Mumps]]
 +
|[[Orf]]
  +
|[[Orf virus]]
−
| Droplet
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
| 5 days after onset of swelling
  
  +
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Parvovirus B19]] (immunocompromised)
−
| [[Mycoplasma]] (pneumonia)
  
  +
|[[Parvovirus B19]]
−
| Droplet
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
−
| Duration of illness
  
  +
|Duration of hospitalization
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Parvovirus B19]] (transient aplastic crisis)
−
| [[Necrotizing enterocolitis]]
  
  +
|[[Parvovirus B19]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
−
|
  
  +
|7 days
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Pertussis]]
−
| [[Neisseria meningitis]] (sepsis, pneumonia, or meningitis)
  
  +
|[[Bordetella pertussis]]
−
| Droplet
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
−
| 24 hours of effective therapy
  
  +
|5 days of effective therapy
−
| Contacts may need post-exposure prophylaxis
  
  +
|Single-patient room preferred; contacts may need post-exposure prophylaxis
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Pharyngitis]] (infants and young children)
−
| [[Nocardiosis]]
  
  +
|[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
  +
|24 hours of effective therapy
 
|
  
|
−
| Not transmitted human-to-human
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Pinworm]]
−
| [[Non-tuberculous mycobacteria]]
  
  +
|[[Enterobius vermicularis]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Norovirus]] (gastroenteritis)
 +
|[[Plague]] (bubonic)
  +
|[[Yersinia pestis]]
−
| colspan=3 | Refer to Gastroenteritis
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
|-
  
−
| [[Orf]]
  
−
| Routine
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Plague]] (pneumonic)
−
| [[Parainfluenza]] (respiratory in infants and young children)
  
  +
|[[Yersinia pestis]]
−
| Contact
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
−
| Duration of illness
  
  +
|48 hours of effective therapy
−
| Prolonged shedding in immunocompromised
  
  +
|Consider prophylaxis in healthcare workers
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| rowspan="11" |[[Pneumonia]]
−
| [[Parvovirus B19]] (immunocompromised)
  
  +
|[[Adenovirus]]
−
| Droplet
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet + Contact
−
| Duration of hospitalization
  
  +
|Duration of illness
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Chlamydia pneumoniae]]
−
| [[Parvovirus B19]] (transient aplastic crisis)
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
| Droplet
  
  +
|
−
| 7 days
  
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|fungus
−
| [[Pertussis]]
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
| Droplet
  
−
| 5 days of effective therapy
  
−
| Single-patient room preferred; contacts may need post-exposure prophylaxis
  
−
|-
  
−
| [[Pinworm]]
  
−
| Routine
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Legionella]]
−
| [[Pneumonia]] ([[adenovirus]]
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
| Droplet + Contact
  
−
| Duration of illness
  
 
|
  
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]
−
| [[Pneumonia]] (bacterial, not otherwise specified)
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
−
| Routine
  
  +
|Duration of illness
−
|
  
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Neisseria meningitidis]]
−
| [[Pneumonia]] ([[Chlamydia]])
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
−
| Routine
  
  +
|24 hours of effective therapy
−
|
  
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Pneumocystis jiroveci]]
−
| [[Pneumonia]] (fungal)
  
−
| Routine
 +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
−
| [[Pneumonia]] ([[H. influenzae]] type b in adults)
  
−
| Routine
 +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]
−
| [[Pneumonia]] ([[H. influenzae]] type b in infants and children)
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
| Droplet
  
−
| 24 hours of effective therapy
  
 
|
  
|
  +
|Droplet precautions if nosocomial outbreak
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]
−
| [[Pneumonia]] ([[Legionella]])
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
−
| Routine
  
  +
|24 hours of effective therapy
 
|
  
|
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|bacterium, not otherwise specified
−
| [[Pneumonia]] ([[Neisseria meningitidis]])
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
| Droplet
  
−
| 24 hours of effective therapy
  
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
| [[Pneumonia]] ([[Mycoplasma]])
  
−
| Droplet
  
−
| Duration of illness
  
−
|
  
−
|-
  
−
| [[Pneumonia]] ([[Streptococcus pneumoniae]])
  
−
| Routine
  
 
|
  
|
−
| Droplet precautions if nosocomial outbreak
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Pneumonia]] ([[Pneumocystis jiroveci]])
 +
| rowspan="2" |[[Pneumonia]] (adults)
  +
|[[Haemophilus influenzae]] type b
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|virus, not otherwise specified
−
| [[Pneumonia]] ([[Staphylococcus aureus]])
  
−
| Routine
 +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Pneumonia]] ([[Group A Streptococcus]] in infants and young children)
 +
|[[Pneumonia]] (children)
  +
|[[Haemophilus influenzae]] type b
−
| Droplet
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
−
| 24 hours of effective therapy
  
  +
|24 hours of effective therapy
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Pneumonia]] (viral in adults)
 +
|[[Pneumonia]] (infants)
  +
|[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Pneumonia]] (viral in infants and children)
 +
|[[Pneumonia]] (infants and children)
  +
|virus, not otherwise specified
−
| Contact
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
−
| Duration of illness
  
  +
|Duration of illness
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Poliomyelitis]]
 +
|[[Poliomyelitis]]
  +
|[[Poliovirus]]
−
| Contact
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
−
| Duration of illness
  
  +
|Duration of illness
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Pressure ulcer]]
 +
|[[Pressure ulcer]]
  +
|various
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
−
| Contact precautions if draining
 +
|Contact precautions if draining
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Prion disease]]
 +
|[[Prion disease]]
  +
|[[Prions]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Psittacosis]]
 +
|[[Psittacosis]]
  +
|[[Chlamydia psittaci]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
 +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Q fever]]
 +
|[[Q fever]]
  +
|[[Coxiella burnetii]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Rabies]]
 +
|[[Rabies]]
  +
|[[Rabies virus]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
−
| Very rare person-to-person transmission
 +
|Very rare person-to-person transmission
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Rat-bite fever]] ([[Streptobacillus moniliformis]] or [[Spirillum minus]])
 +
|[[Rat-bite fever]]
  +
|[[Streptobacillus moniliformis]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
 +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Relapsing fever]]
 +
|[[Rat-bite fever]]
  +
|[[Spirillum minus]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Contact
−
|
 
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
  
−
|-
  
−
| Respiratory infections (adults, not otherwise specified)
  
−
| Routine
  
 
|
  
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
  +
|-
  +
|[[Relapsing fever]]
  +
|various
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
−
| Respiratory infection (infants and children, not otherwise specified)
 +
|Respiratory infection
  +
|[[Human metapneumovirus]]
−
| Contact
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
−
| Duration of illness
  
  +
|Duration of illness
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| Respiratory infection (adults, not otherwise specified)
 +
|Respiratory infections (adults)
  +
|not otherwise specified
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Respiratory syncytial virus]] (infants, young children, and immunocompromised)
 +
|Respiratory infection (infants and young children)
  +
|[[Parainfluenza virus]]
−
| Contact
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
−
| Duration of illness
  
  +
|Duration of illness
−
| Immunocompromised patients may have prolonged shedding
  
  +
|Prolonged shedding in immunocompromised
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|Respiratory infection (infants and children)
−
| [[Reye syndrome]]
  
  +
|not otherwise specified
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
  +
|Duration of illness
 
|
  
|
−
| Not an infectious disease
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|Respiratory infection (infants, young children, and immunocompromised)
−
| [[Rheumatic fever]]
  
  +
|[[Respiratory syncytial virus]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
  +
|Duration of illness
  +
|Immunocompromised patients may have prolonged shedding
  +
|-
  +
|[[Reye syndrome]]
  +
|—
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
  +
|
  +
|Not an infectious disease
  +
|-
  +
|[[Rheumatic fever]]
  +
|[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Rhinovirus]]
 +
|[[Rhinovirus]]
  +
|[[Rhinovirus]]
−
| Droplet
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
−
| Duration of illness
  
  +
|Duration of illness
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Ricketssioses]]
 +
|[[Rickettsioses]]
  +
|[[Rickettsia]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
−
| Not transmitted human-to-human
 +
|Not transmitted human-to-human
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Ricketsialpox]] (vesicular)
 +
|[[Rickettsialpox]] (vesicular)
  +
|[[Rickettsia akari]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
 +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Ringworm]]
 +
|[[Ringworm]]
  +
|various
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Rocky Mountain spotted fever]]
 +
|[[Rocky Mountain spotted fever]]
  +
|[[Rickettsia rickettsii]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
 +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Roseola infantum]]
 +
|[[Roseola infantum]]
  +
|[[Roseolavirus]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Rubella]]
−
| [[Rotavirus]] (gastroenteritis)
  
  +
|[[Rubella virus]]
−
| colspan=3 | Refer to Gastroenteritis (rotavirus)
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
−
|-
  
  +
|7 days after rash onset
−
| [[Rubella]]
  
−
| Droplet
  
−
| 7 days after rash onset
  
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Salmonellosis]] (gastroenteritis)
 +
|[[Salmonellosis]]
  +
|[[Salmonella]]
−
| colspan=3 | Refer to Gastroenteritis
  
  +
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Scabies]]
 +
|[[Scabies]]
  +
|[[Sarcoptes scabiei]]
−
| Contact
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
−
| 24 hours of effective therapy
  
  +
|24 hours of effective therapy
−
|-
  
−
| [[SARS coronavirus]]
  
−
| Airborne + droplet + contact
  
−
| 10 days after symptoms resolve
  
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Schistosomiasis]]
 +
|[[SARS coronavirus]]
  +
|[[SARS-CoV]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkred" |Airborne + Droplet + Contact
  +
|10 days after symptoms resolve
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
|[[Scalded skin syndrome]]
  +
|[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
  +
|Duration of illness
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Scarlet fever]]
−
| [[Shigella species]] (gastroenteritis)
  
  +
|[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]
−
| colspan=3 | Refer to Gastroenteritis
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
−
|-
  
  +
|24 hours of appropriate therapy
−
| [[Smallpox]]
  
−
| Airborne + contact
  
−
| Until all scabs have crusted and separated
  
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Sporotrichosis]]
 +
|[[Schistosomiasis]]
  +
|[[Schistosoma]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Sepsis]]
−
| [[Staphylococcus aureus]] (food poisoning)
  
  +
|[[Neisseria meningitidis]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
  +
|24 hours of effective therapy
  +
|Contacts may need post-exposure prophylaxis
  +
|-
  +
|[[Neonatal sepsis|Sepsis (neonatal)]]
  +
|[[Group B streptococcus]]
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Shingles]] (disseminated or immunocompromised)
−
| [[Staphylococcus aureus]] (furunculosis)
  
  +
|[[Varicella-zoster virus]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkred" |Airborne + Contact
  +
|Duration of illness
 
|
  
|
−
| Consider Contact precautions if uncontrolled drainage
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Shingles]] (localized in immunocompetent)
−
| [[Staphylococcus aureus]] (furunculosis in infants and young children)
  
  +
|[[Varicella-zoster virus]]
−
| Contact
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
| Until no longer draining
  
−
|
 
−
|-
  
−
| [[Staphylococcus aureus]] (pneumonia)
  
−
| Routine
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Smallpox]]
−
| [[Staphylococcus aureus]] (scalded skin syndrome)
  
  +
|[[Smallpox virus]]
−
| Contact
  
  +
| style="color:darkred" |Airborne + Contact
−
| Duration of illness
  
  +
|Until all scabs have crusted and separated
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Soft tissue infection]] (major)
−
| [[Staphylcoccus aureus]] (major soft tissue, wound, or burn)
  
  +
|[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
−
| Contact
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
−
| Until drainage stops or is controlled
  
  +
|Until drainage stops or is controlled
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Soft tissue infection]] (severe)
−
| [[Staphylococcus aureus]] ([[toxic shock syndrome]])
  
  +
|[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet + Contact
−
|
  
  +
|24 hours of effective therapy and drainage contained
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Soft tissue infection]] (mild)
−
| [[Streptococcus pyogenes]] (severe soft tissue)
  
  +
|[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]
−
| Contact + droplet
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
| 24 hours of effective therapy and drainage contained
  
 
|
  
|
  +
|If drainage controlled
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Sporotrichosis]]
−
| [[Streptococcus pyogenes]] (minor soft tissue)
  
  +
|[[Sporothrix schenckii]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
  +
|
 
|
  
|
−
| If drainage controlled
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Strongyloidiasis]]
−
| [[Streptococcus pyogenes]] (endometritis)
  
  +
|[[Strongyloides stercoralis]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Syphilis]]
−
| [[Streptococcus pyogenes]] (pharyngitis in infants and young children)
  
  +
|[[Treponema pallidum pallidum]]
−
| Droplet
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
| 24 hours of effective therapy
  
  +
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Congenital syphilis|Syphilis (congenital)]]
−
| [[Streptococcus pyogenes]] (pneumonia)
  
  +
|[[Treponema pallidum pallidum]]
−
| Droplet
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
−
| 24 hours of appropriate therapy
  
  +
|24 hours of effective therapy
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| rowspan="3" |[[Tapeworm]]
−
| [[Streptococcus pyogenes]] (scarlet fever)
  
  +
|[[Hymenolepis nana]]
−
| Droplet
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
| 24 hours of appropriate therapy
  
 
|
  
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Taenia solium]]
−
| [[Streptococcus pyogenes]] (invasive disease)
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
| Droplet
  
  +
|
−
| 24 hours of effective therapy
  
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|not otherwise specified
−
| [[Group B Streptococcus]] (neonatal)
  
−
| Routine
 +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Strongyloidiasis]]
 +
|[[Tetanus]]
  +
|[[Botulinum tetani]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
  +
|-
  +
|[[Tinea]]
  +
|fungus
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
  +
|Rarely transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| rowspan="2" |[[Toxic shock syndrome]]
−
| [[Syphilis]]
  
  +
|[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]
−
| [[Tapeworm]] ([[Hymenolepis nana]])
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet
−
| Routine
  
  +
|24 hours of effective therapy
 
|
  
|
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Toxoplasmosis]]
−
| [[Tapeworm]] ([[Taenia solium]])
  
  +
|[[Toxoplasma gondii]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
  +
|Generally not transmitted person-to-person
−
|
 
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Tapeworm]] (Other)
 +
|[[Trachoma]]
  +
|[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Tetanus]]
 +
|[[Trench mouth]]
  +
|various
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
  
−
|-
  
−
| [[Tinea]]
  
−
| Routine
  
 
|
  
|
−
| Rarely transmitted person-to-person
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Toxoplasmosis]]
 +
|[[Trichinosis]]
  +
|[[Trichinella spiralis]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
  +
|
 
|
  
|
−
| Generally not transmitted person-to-person
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Trichomoniasis]]
−
| [[Toxic shock syndrome]] (staphylococcal)
  
  +
|[[Trichomonas vaginalis]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Tuberculosis]] (draining lesion)
−
| [[Toxic shock syndrome]] (streptococcal)
  
  +
|[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]
−
| Droplet
  
  +
| style="color:darkred" |Airborne + Contact
−
| 24 hours of effective therapy
  
  +
|Until clinically improving and 3 negative cultures
  +
|Rule out pulmonary disease
  +
  +
|-
  +
|[[Tuberculosis]] (meningitis)
  +
|[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
  +
|Rule out pulmonary disease and draining lesions
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Tuberculosis]] (pulmonary or laryngeal)
−
| [[Trachoma]]
  
  +
|[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkred" |Airborne
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Tuberculosis]] (latent)
−
| [[Trench mouth]]
  
  +
|[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Tularemia]] (draining lesion)
−
| [[Trichinosis]]
  
  +
|[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
  +
|-
  +
|[[Tularemia]] (pulmonary)
  +
|[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Trichomoniasis]]
 +
|[[Typhoid fever]]
  +
|[[Salmonella enterica]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| colspan="3" |Refer to Gastroenteritis
  +
|-
  +
|[[Typhus]] (epidemic/louse-borne)
  +
|[[Rickettsia prowazekii]]
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Trichuriasis]] (whipworm)
 +
|[[Typhus]] (murine/flea-borne)
  +
|[[Rickettsia typhi]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|-
  
−
| [[Tuberculosis]] (draining lesion)
  
−
| Airborn + contact
  
−
| Until clinically improving and 3 negative cultures
  
−
| Rule out pulmonary disease
  
−  
−
|-
  
−
| [[Tuberculosis]] (meningitis)
  
−
| Routine
  
 
|
  
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
−
| Rule out pulmonary disease and draining lesions
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Urinary tract infection]] including [[pyelonephritis]]
−
| [[Tuberculosis]] (pulmonary or laryngeal)
  
  +
|various
−
| Airborne
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Vaccinia]] (vaccination site care)
−
| [[Tuberculosis]] (latent)
  
  +
|[[Vaccinia virus]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
  +
|Vaccinate healthcare workers
  +
|-
  +
|[[Vaccinia]] (eczema vaccinatum)
  +
|[[Vaccinia virus]]
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
  +
|Until lesions are dry and crusted, and scabs separated
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Tularemia]] (draining lesion)
 +
|[[Vaccinia]] (fetal vaccinia)
  +
|[[Vaccinia virus]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
  +
|Until lesions are dry and crusted, and scabs separated
 
|
  
|
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Tularemia]] (pulmonary)
 +
|[[Vaccinia]] (generalized vaccinia)
  +
|[[Vaccinia virus]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
−
|
 
  +
|Until lesions are dry and crusted, and scabs separated
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
  
  +
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Typhoid fever]] ([[Salmonella typhi]])
 +
|[[Vaccinia]] (progressive vaccinia)
  +
|[[Vaccinia virus]]
−
| colspan=3 | Refer to Gastroenterisi
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
  +
|Until lesions are dry and crusted, and scabs separated
  +
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Vaccinia]] (postvaccinia encephalitis)
−
| [[Typhus]] (epidemic/louse-borne)
  
  +
|[[Vaccinia virus]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Vaccinia]] ([[blepharitis]] or [[conjunctivitis]])
−
| [[Typhus]] (murine/flea-borne)
  
  +
|[[Vaccinia virus]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
  +
|Until drainage stops
 
|
  
|
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Vaccinia]] ([[iritis]] or [[keratitis]])
−
| [[Urinary tract infection]] including [[pyelonephritis]]
  
  +
|[[Vaccinia virus]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Vaccinia]] (vaccination site care)
 +
|[[Vaccinia]] ([[erythema multiforme]] or [[SJS]])
  +
|[[Vaccinia virus]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
  +
|Not infectious
−
| Vaccinate healthcare workers
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Varicella]]
−
| [[Vaccinia]] (eczema vaccinatum)
  
  +
|[[Varicella-zoster virus]]
−
| Contact
  
  +
| style="color:darkred" |Airborne + Contact
−
| Until lesions are dry and crusted, and scabs separated
  
  +
|Until lesions dry and crusted
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Varicella-zoster]] (pneumonia in immunocompromised)
−
| [[Vaccinia]] (fetal vaccinia)
  
  +
|[[Varicella-zoster virus]]
−
| Contact
  
  +
| style="color:darkred" |Airborne + Contact
−
| Until lesions are dry and crusted, and scabs separated
  
  +
|Duration of illness
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Vincent angina]]
−
| [[Vaccinia]] (generalized vaccinia)
  
  +
|various
−
| Contact
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
| Until lesions are dry and crusted, and scabs separated
  
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan="5" |[[Viral hemorrhagic fever]]
  +
|[[Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus]]
  +
| colspan="3" |Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
  +
|-
  +
|[[Ebola virus]]
  +
| colspan="3" |Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
  +
|-
  +
|[[Lassa fever virus]]
  +
| colspan="3" |Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
  +
|-
  +
|[[Marburg virus]]
  +
| colspan="3" |Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|various
−
| [[Vaccinia]] (progressive vaccinia)
  
−
| Contact
 +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Droplet + Contact
  +
|Duration of illness
−
| Until lesions are dry and crusted, and scabs separated
  
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| rowspan="3" |[[Viral hepatitis]]
−
| [[Vaccinia]] (postvaccinia encephalitis)
  
  +
|[[Hepatitis B virus]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Hepatitis C virus]]
−
| [[Vaccinia]] ([[blepharitis]] or [[conjunctivitis]])
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
| Contact
  
  +
|
−
| Until drainage stops
  
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Hepatitis D virus]]
−
| [[Vaccinia]] ([[iritis]] or [[keratitis]])
  
−
| Routine
 +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
|
+
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| rowspan="2" |[[Viral hepatitis]] (continent)
−
| [[Vaccinia]] ([[erythema multiforme]] or [[SJS]])
  
  +
|[[Hepatitis A virus]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
|
 
  +
|
−
| Not infectious
  
  +
|Consider vaccination as post-exposure prophylaxis
 
|-
  
|-
−
| [[Varicella zoster]]
 +
|[[Hepatitis E virus]]
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
| Airborne + contact
  
  +
|
−
| Until lesions dry and crusted
  
−
|
+
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| rowspan="2" |[[Viral hepatitis]] (diapered or incontinent)
−
| [[Varicella zoster]] (pneumonia in immunocompromised)
  
  +
|[[Hepatitis A virus]]
−
| Airborne + contact
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
−
| Duration of illness
  
  +
|<3 years: duration of hospitalization; 3-14 years: 2 weeks after onset; >14 years: 1 week after onset
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Hepatitis E virus]]
−
| [[Vibrio cholerae]] (gastroenteritis)
  
  +
| style="color:goldenrod" |Contact
−
| colspan=3 | Refer to Gastroenteritis
  
  +
|Duration of illness
  +
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Viral hepatitis]]
−
| [[Vibrio parahaemolyticus]] (gastroenteritis)
  
  +
|[[Hepatitis G virus]]
−
| colspan=3 | Refer to Gastroenteritis
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
|-
  
−
| [[Vibrio vulnificans]] (gastroenteritis)
  
−
| colspan=3 | Refer to Gastroenteritis
  
−
|-
  
−
| [[Vincent angina]]
  
−
| Routine
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Whipworm]]
−
| [[Viral hemorrhagic fever]]
  
  +
|[[Trichuris trichiura]]
−
| Droplet + Contact
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
−
| Duration of illness
  
  +
|
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|[[Zygomycosis]]
−
| [[Yersinia enterocolitica]] (gastroenteritis)
  
−
| colspan=3 | Refer to Gastroenteritis
  
−
|-
  
−
| [[Yersinia pestis]] (bubonic plague)
  
−
| Routine
  
 
|
  
|
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
 
|
  
|
  +
|Not transmitted person-to-person
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|various
−
| [[Yersinia pestis]] (pneumonic plague)
  
  +
|[[Haemophilus influenzae]]
−
| Droplet
  
  +
| colspan="3" |Refer to disease-specific recommendations
−
| 48 hours of effective therapy
  
−
| Consider prophylaxis in healthcare workers
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|various
−
| [[Zygomycosis]]
  
  +
|[[Non-tuberculous mycobacteria]]
−
| Routine
  
  +
| style="color:darkgreen" |Routine
  +
|
 
|
  
|
−
| Not transmitted person-to-person
  
 
|}
  
|}
   
−
== Further Reading ==
 +
==Further Reading==
  +
−
* [https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/isolation/appendix/type-duration-precautions.html CDC infection control guidelines]
  
  +
*[https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/isolation/appendix/type-duration-precautions.html CDC Guidelines for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Healthcare Settings]
  +
*Public Health Agency of Canada. [https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/phac-aspc/documents/services/publications/diseases-conditions/routine-practices-precautions-healthcare-associated-infections/routine-practices-precautions-healthcare-associated-infections-2016-FINAL-eng.pdf Routine Practices and Additional Precautions for Preventing the Transmission of Infection in Healthcare Settings]

Latest revision as of 19:27, 9 August 2024

Disease Organisms Type of precautions Duration Notes
Abscess (with significant drainage) various Contact Until drainage controlled
Abscess (no significant drainage) various Routine
Amoebiasis Entamoeba histolytica Routine Rarely transmitted person-to-person
Actinomycosis Actinomyces Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Anthrax Bacillus anthracis Routine
Anthrax (cutaneous) Bacillus anthracis Routine Contact precautions if significant drainage
Anthrax (pulmonary) Bacillus anthracis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Arthropod-borne viral encephalitis Eastern equine encephalitis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
western equine encephalitis Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
Venezuelan equine encephalitis Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
St. Louis encephalitis Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
California encephalitis Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
West Nile virus Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
not otherwise specified Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
Arthropod-borne viral fever Dengue virus Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Yellow fever virus Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
Colorado tick fever virus Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
not otherwise specified Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
Ascariasis Ascaris lumbricoides Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Aspergillosis Aspergillus Routine Can consider contact or airborne if large draining infection requiring repeat irrigations
Babesiosis Babesia microti Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Blastomycosis Blastomyces dermatitidis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Botulism Clostridium botulinum Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Botulism (food poisoning) Clostridium botulinum Routine
Bronchiolitis various Contact Duration of illness
Brucellosis Brucella melitensis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Burn infection Staphylococcus aureus Contact Until drainage stops or is controlled
Candidiasis Candida Routine
Cat-scratch fever Bartonella henselae Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Cellulitis various Routine
Chancroid Haemophilus ducreyi Routine Sexually transmitted
Chickenpox Varicella-zoster virus Refer to Varicella
Chlamydia pneumoniae Routine
Cholera Vibrio cholerae Refer to Gastroenteritis
Clostridium difficile Clostridium difficile Contact Duration of illness
Coccidioidomycosis Coccidioides immitis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Congenital rubella Rubella virus Contact Until 1 year of age Routine precautions if nasopharyngeal and urine cultures are repeatedly negative after 3 months of age
Conjunctivitis Adenovirus Refer to specific syndrome (conjunctivitis)
Chlamydia trachomatis Routine
bacterium, not otherwise specified Routine
virus, not otherwise specified Contact Duration of illness Highly contageous
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Prions Routine
Croup various Refer to Respiratory infections in infants and young children
Cryptococcosis Cryptococcus Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidium Refer to Gastroenteritis
Cystic fibrosis various Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
Cysticercosis Taenia solium Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Cytomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus Routine
Dengue Dengue virus Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Diphtheria (cutaneous) Corynebacterium diphtheriae Contact Until completed treatment and cultures negative Two cultures 24 hours apart
Diphtheria (pharyngeal) Corynebacterium diphtheriae Droplet Until completed treatment and cultures negative Two cultures 24 hours apart
Echinococcosis Echinococcus Routine
Encephalitis Herpes simplex virus Routine
Encephalitis or encephalomyelitis various Refer to specific organism
Endometritis Streptococcus pyogenes Routine
Endometritis various Routine
Epiglottitis Haemophilus influenzae type b Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Food poisoning Clostridium botulinum Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Clostridium perfringens Routine
Clostridium perfringens Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
Staphylococcus aureus Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
Furunculosis Staphylococcus aureus Routine Consider Contact precautions if uncontrolled drainage
Furunculosis (infants and young children) Staphylococcus aureus Contact Until no longer draining
Gangrene various Routine
Gas gangrene Clostridium perfringens Routine Rarely transmitted person-to-person
Gastroenteritis Adenovirus Refer to Gastroenteritis
Campylobacter Refer to Gastroenteritis
Coxsackievirus Refer to Enterovirus
Echovirus Refer to Enterovirus
Enterovirus (adult) Routine
Enterovirus (paediatric) Contact Duration of illness
Escherichia coli Refer to Gastroenteritis
Giardia lamblia Refer to Gastroenteritis
Norovirus Contact 48 hours after resolution of symptoms
Rotavirus Contact Duration of illness
Shigella Refer to Gastroenteritis
Vibrio cholerae Refer to Gastroenteritis
Vibrio parahaemolyticus Refer to Gastroenteritis
Vibrio vulnificus Refer to Gastroenteritis
Yersinia enterocolitica Refer to Gastroenteritis
Gastroenteritis (continent) not otherwise specified Routine
Gastroenteritis (diapered or incontinent) Enterovirus Contact Duration of illness
not otherwise specified Contact Duration of illness
Gastritis Helicobacter pylori Routine
Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum Neisseria gonorrhoeae Routine
Gonorrhea Neisseria gonorrhoeae Routine
Granuloma inguinale Klebsiella granulomatis Routine
Guillain-Barré syndrome — Routine Not an infectious disease
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome Hantavirus Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Herpes (disseminated, primary, or severe) Herpes simplex virus Contact Until lesions dry and crusted
Herpes (mucocutaneous recurrent) Herpes simplex virus Routine
Herpes (neonatal) Herpes simplex virus Contact Until lesions dry and crsted
Hookworm various Routine
Histoplasmosis Histoplasma capsulatum Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
HIV HIV Routine Sexually transmitted
Impetigo Staphylococcus aureus Contact 24 hours of effective therapy
Infectious mononucleosis and other syndromes Epstein-Barr virus Routine
Infectious mononucleosis Cytomegalovirus Routine
Influenza (seasonal) Influenza virus Droplet 7 days after onset or 24 hours asymptomatic (whichever longer)
Influenza (avian) Influenza virus
Influenza (pandemic) Influenza virus Droplet
Invasive Group A streptococcal disease Streptococcus pyogenes Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Kawasaki syndrome — Routine Not infectious
Legionellosis Legionella Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Leprosy Mycobacterium leprae Routine
Leptospirosis Leptospira Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Lice (head) Pediculus humanus humanus Contact Until 24 hours of effective therapy
Lice (body) Pediculus humanus capitis Routine Transmitted through clothing, so consider Contact precautions when undressing patient
Lice (pubic) Pthirus pubis Routine Sexually transmitted
Listeriosis Listeria Routine
Lyme disease Borrelia burgdorferi Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Lymphogranuloma venereum Chlamydia trachomatis Routine
Malaria Plasmodium Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Measles Measles virus Airborne 4 days after onset of rash
Measles (immunocompromised) Measles virus Airborne Duration of illness
Melioidosis Burkholderia pseudomallei Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Meningitis Gram-negative bacterium Routine
fungus Routine
Haemophilus influenzae type b Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Listeria monocytogenes Routine
Neisseria meningitidis Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Streptococcus pneumoniae Routine
Tuberculosis Routine Rule out pulmonary disease and draining adenitis
bacterium, not otherwise specified Routine
Meningitis (aseptic) various Routine Contact for infants and young children
Molluscum contagiosum Molluscum contagiosum virus Routine
Monkeypox Monkeypox virus Airborne + Contact Airborne until smallpox ruled out; contact until lesions crusted
Mucormycosis Mucorales Routine
Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) various (e.g. MRSA, VRE, ESBL) Contact Based on local guidelines
Mumps Mumps virus Droplet 5 days after onset of swelling
Necrotizing enterocolitis various Routine
Nocardiosis Nocardia Routine Not transmitted human-to-human
Orf Orf virus Routine
Parvovirus B19 (immunocompromised) Parvovirus B19 Droplet Duration of hospitalization
Parvovirus B19 (transient aplastic crisis) Parvovirus B19 Droplet 7 days
Pertussis Bordetella pertussis Droplet 5 days of effective therapy Single-patient room preferred; contacts may need post-exposure prophylaxis
Pharyngitis (infants and young children) Streptococcus pyogenes Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Pinworm Enterobius vermicularis Routine
Plague (bubonic) Yersinia pestis Routine
Plague (pneumonic) Yersinia pestis Droplet 48 hours of effective therapy Consider prophylaxis in healthcare workers
Pneumonia Adenovirus Droplet + Contact Duration of illness
Chlamydia pneumoniae Routine
fungus Routine
Legionella Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Droplet Duration of illness
Neisseria meningitidis Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Pneumocystis jiroveci Routine
Staphylococcus aureus Routine
Streptococcus pneumoniae Routine Droplet precautions if nosocomial outbreak
Streptococcus pyogenes Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
bacterium, not otherwise specified Routine
Pneumonia (adults) Haemophilus influenzae type b Routine
virus, not otherwise specified Routine
Pneumonia (children) Haemophilus influenzae type b Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Pneumonia (infants) Chlamydia trachomatis Routine
Pneumonia (infants and children) virus, not otherwise specified Contact Duration of illness
Poliomyelitis Poliovirus Contact Duration of illness
Pressure ulcer various Routine Contact precautions if draining
Prion disease Prions Routine
Psittacosis Chlamydia psittaci Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Q fever Coxiella burnetii Routine
Rabies Rabies virus Routine Very rare person-to-person transmission
Rat-bite fever Streptobacillus moniliformis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Rat-bite fever Spirillum minus Contact Not transmitted person-to-person
Relapsing fever various Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Respiratory infection Human metapneumovirus Contact Duration of illness
Respiratory infections (adults) not otherwise specified Routine
Respiratory infection (infants and young children) Parainfluenza virus Contact Duration of illness Prolonged shedding in immunocompromised
Respiratory infection (infants and children) not otherwise specified Contact Duration of illness
Respiratory infection (infants, young children, and immunocompromised) Respiratory syncytial virus Contact Duration of illness Immunocompromised patients may have prolonged shedding
Reye syndrome — Routine Not an infectious disease
Rheumatic fever Streptococcus pyogenes Routine
Rhinovirus Rhinovirus Droplet Duration of illness
Rickettsioses Rickettsia Routine Not transmitted human-to-human
Rickettsialpox (vesicular) Rickettsia akari Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Ringworm various Routine
Rocky Mountain spotted fever Rickettsia rickettsii Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Roseola infantum Roseolavirus Routine
Rubella Rubella virus Droplet 7 days after rash onset
Salmonellosis Salmonella Refer to Gastroenteritis
Scabies Sarcoptes scabiei Contact 24 hours of effective therapy
SARS coronavirus SARS-CoV Airborne + Droplet + Contact 10 days after symptoms resolve
Scalded skin syndrome Staphylococcus aureus Contact Duration of illness
Scarlet fever Streptococcus pyogenes Droplet 24 hours of appropriate therapy
Schistosomiasis Schistosoma Routine
Sepsis Neisseria meningitidis Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy Contacts may need post-exposure prophylaxis
Sepsis (neonatal) Group B streptococcus Routine
Shingles (disseminated or immunocompromised) Varicella-zoster virus Airborne + Contact Duration of illness
Shingles (localized in immunocompetent) Varicella-zoster virus Routine
Smallpox Smallpox virus Airborne + Contact Until all scabs have crusted and separated
Soft tissue infection (major) Staphylococcus aureus Contact Until drainage stops or is controlled
Soft tissue infection (severe) Streptococcus pyogenes Droplet + Contact 24 hours of effective therapy and drainage contained
Soft tissue infection (mild) Streptococcus pyogenes Routine If drainage controlled
Sporotrichosis Sporothrix schenckii Routine
Strongyloidiasis Strongyloides stercoralis Routine
Syphilis Treponema pallidum pallidum Routine
Syphilis (congenital) Treponema pallidum pallidum Contact 24 hours of effective therapy
Tapeworm Hymenolepis nana Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Taenia solium Routine
not otherwise specified Routine
Tetanus Botulinum tetani Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Tinea fungus Routine Rarely transmitted person-to-person
Toxic shock syndrome Staphylococcus aureus Routine
Streptococcus pyogenes Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma gondii Routine Generally not transmitted person-to-person
Trachoma Chlamydia trachomatis Routine
Trench mouth various Routine
Trichinosis Trichinella spiralis Routine
Trichomoniasis Trichomonas vaginalis Routine
Tuberculosis (draining lesion) Mycobacterium tuberculosis Airborne + Contact Until clinically improving and 3 negative cultures Rule out pulmonary disease
Tuberculosis (meningitis) Mycobacterium tuberculosis Routine Rule out pulmonary disease and draining lesions
Tuberculosis (pulmonary or laryngeal) Mycobacterium tuberculosis Airborne
Tuberculosis (latent) Mycobacterium tuberculosis Routine
Tularemia (draining lesion) Mycobacterium tuberculosis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Tularemia (pulmonary) Mycobacterium tuberculosis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Typhoid fever Salmonella enterica Refer to Gastroenteritis
Typhus (epidemic/louse-borne) Rickettsia prowazekii Routine
Typhus (murine/flea-borne) Rickettsia typhi Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Urinary tract infection including pyelonephritis various Routine
Vaccinia (vaccination site care) Vaccinia virus Routine Vaccinate healthcare workers
Vaccinia (eczema vaccinatum) Vaccinia virus Contact Until lesions are dry and crusted, and scabs separated
Vaccinia (fetal vaccinia) Vaccinia virus Contact Until lesions are dry and crusted, and scabs separated
Vaccinia (generalized vaccinia) Vaccinia virus Contact Until lesions are dry and crusted, and scabs separated
Vaccinia (progressive vaccinia) Vaccinia virus Contact Until lesions are dry and crusted, and scabs separated
Vaccinia (postvaccinia encephalitis) Vaccinia virus Routine
Vaccinia (blepharitis or conjunctivitis) Vaccinia virus Contact Until drainage stops
Vaccinia (iritis or keratitis) Vaccinia virus Routine
Vaccinia (erythema multiforme or SJS) Vaccinia virus Routine Not infectious
Varicella Varicella-zoster virus Airborne + Contact Until lesions dry and crusted
Varicella-zoster (pneumonia in immunocompromised) Varicella-zoster virus Airborne + Contact Duration of illness
Vincent angina various Routine
Viral hemorrhagic fever Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
Ebola virus Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
Lassa fever virus Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
Marburg virus Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
various Droplet + Contact Duration of illness
Viral hepatitis Hepatitis B virus Routine
Hepatitis C virus Routine
Hepatitis D virus Routine
Viral hepatitis (continent) Hepatitis A virus Routine Consider vaccination as post-exposure prophylaxis
Hepatitis E virus Routine
Viral hepatitis (diapered or incontinent) Hepatitis A virus Contact <3 years: duration of hospitalization; 3-14 years: 2 weeks after onset; >14 years: 1 week after onset
Hepatitis E virus Contact Duration of illness
Viral hepatitis Hepatitis G virus Routine
Whipworm Trichuris trichiura Routine
Zygomycosis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
various Haemophilus influenzae Refer to disease-specific recommendations
various Non-tuberculous mycobacteria Routine

Further Reading

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