Infection control precautions by disease

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Revision as of 02:18, 17 June 2020 by Aidan (talk | contribs)
Disease or syndrome Type of precautions Duration Notes
Abscess (with significant drainage) Contact Until drainage controlled
Abscess (no significant drainage) Routine
Actinomycosis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Adenovirus Refer to specific syndrome (e.g. gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, or pneumonia)
Amoebiasis Routine Rarely transmitted person-to-person
Anthrax Routine
Anthrax (cutaneous) Routine Contact precautions if significant drainage
Anthrax (pulmonary) Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Arthropod-borne viral encephalitis (e.g. (eastern equine encephlitis, western equine encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, California encephalitis, West Nile virus) Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Arthropod-borne viral fever (e.g. dengue, yellow fever, Colorado tick fever) Routine
Ascariasis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Aspergillosis Routine Can consider contact or airborne if large draining infection requiring repeat irrigations
Babesiosis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Blastomycosis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Botulism Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Botulism (food poisoning) Routine
Bronchiolitis Contact Duration of illness
Brucellosis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Campylobacter species (gastroenteritis) Refer to Gastroenteritis
Candidiasis Routine
Cat-scratch fever Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Cellulitis Routine
Chancroid Routine Sexually transmitted
Chickenpox Refer to Varicella
Chlamydia trachomatis (conjunctivitis) Routine
Chlamydia trachomatis (lymphogranuloma venereum) Routine
Chlamydia trachomatis (infant pneumonia) Routine
Chlamydia pneumoniae Routine
Cholera Refer to Gastroenteritis
Clostridium botulinum Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Clostridium difficile Contact Duration of illness
Clostridium perfringens (food poisoning) Routine
Clostridium perfringens (gas gangrene) Routine Rarely transmitted person-to-person
Coccidioidomycosis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Colorado tick fever Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Congenital rubella Contact Until 1 year of age Routine precautions if nasopharyngeal and urine cultures are repeatedly negative after 3 months of age
Conjunctivitis (bacterial) Routine
Conjuctivitis (viral) Contact Duration of illness Highly contageous
Coxsackie virus Refer to Enteroviral infection
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Routine
Croup Refer to Respiratory infections in infants and young children
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
Cryptococcosis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Cryptosporidiosis Refer to Gastroenteritis
Cysticercosis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Cytomegalovirus Routine
Dengue Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Diphtheria (cutaneous) Contact Until completed treatment and cultures negative Two cultures 24 hours apart
Diphtheria (pharyngeal) Droplet Until completed treatment and cultures negative Two cultures 24 hours apart
Ebola Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
Echinococcosis Routine
Echovirus Refer to Enteroviral infection
Encephalitis or encephalomyelitis Refer to specific organism
Endometritis Routine
Enterobiasis (pinworm) Routine
Enterovirus (continent) Routine
Enterovirus (diapered or incontinent) Contact Duration of illness
Epiglottitis from Haemophilus influenzae type b Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Epstein-Barr virus, including infectious mononucleosis Routine
Escherichia coli (gastroenteritis) Refer to Gastroenteritis
Food poisoning (botulism, clostridial, staphylococcal) Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Gangrene Routine
Gastroenteritis (continent) Routine
Gastroenteritis (incontinent or diapered) Contact Duration of illness
Gastroenteritis (norovirus) Contact 48 hours after resolution of symptoms
Gastroenteritis (rotavirus) Contact Duration of illness
Giardia lamblia (gastroenteritis) Refer to Gastroenteritis
Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum Routine
Gonorrhea Routine
Granuloma inguinale Routine
Guillain-Barré syndrome Routine Not an infectious disease
Haemophilus influenzae Refer to disease-specific recommendations
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Helicobacter pylori Routine
Hepatitis A virus Routine Consider vaccination as post-exposure prophylaxis
Hepatitis A virus (incontinent or diapered) Contact <3 years: duration of hospitalization; 3-14 years: 2 weeks after onset; >14 years: 1 week after onset
Hepatitis B virus Routine
Hepatitis C virus Routine
Hepatitis D virus Routine
Hepatitis E virus (continent) Routine
Hepatitis E virus (incontinent or diapered) Contact Duration of illness
Hepatitis G virus Routine
Hookworm Routine
Herpes simplex virus (encephalitis) Routine
Herpes simplex virus (disseminated, primary, or severe) Contact Until lesions dry and crusted
Herpes simplex virus (mucocutaneous recurrent) Routine
Herpes simplex virus (neonatal) Contact Until lesions dry and crsted
Herpes zoster virus (disseminated or immunocompromised) Airborne + Contact Duration of illness
Herpes zoster virus (localized in immunocompetent) Routine
Histoplasmosis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
HIV Routine Sexually transmitted
Human metapneumovirus Contact Duration of illness
Impetigo Contact 24 hours of effective therapy
Infectious mononucleosis Routine
Influenza (seasonal) Droplet 7 days after onset or 24 hours asymptomatic (whichever longer)
Influenza (avian)
Influenza (pandemic) Droplet
Kawasaki syndrome Routine Not infectious
Lassa fever Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
Legionellosis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Leprosy Routine
Leptospirosis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Lice (head) Contact Until 24 hours of effective therapy
Lice (body) Routine Transmitted through clothing, so consider Contact precautions when undressing patient
Lice (pubic) Routine Sexually transmitted
Listeriosis Routine
Lyme disease Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Lymphogranuloma venereum Routine
Malaria Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Marburg virus Refer to Viral hemorrhagic fever
Measles Airborne 4 days after onset of rash
Measles (immunocompromised) Airborne Duration of illness
Melioidosis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Meningitis (aseptic) Routine Contact for infants and young children
Meningitis (Gram-negative bacterial) Routine
Meningitis (fungal) Routine
Meningitis (Haemophilus influenzae type b) Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Meningitis (Listeria monocytogenes) Routine
Meningitis (Neisseria meningitidis) Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Meningitis (Streptococcus pneumoniae) Routine
Meningitis (Tuberculosis) Routine Rule out pulmonary disease and draining adenitis
Meningitis (other bacteria) Routine
Molluscum contagiosum Routine
Monkeypox Airborne + Contact Airborne until smallpox ruled out; contact until lesions crusted
Mucormycosis Routine
Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) (e.g. MRSA, VRE, ESBL) Contact Based on local guidelines
Mumps Droplet 5 days after onset of swelling
Mycoplasma (pneumonia) Droplet Duration of illness
Necrotizing enterocolitis Routine
Neisseria meningitidis (sepsis, pneumonia, or meningitis) Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy Contacts may need post-exposure prophylaxis
Nocardiosis Routine Not transmitted human-to-human
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria Routine
Norovirus (gastroenteritis) Refer to Gastroenteritis
Orf Routine
Parainfluenza (respiratory in infants and young children) Contact Duration of illness Prolonged shedding in immunocompromised
Parvovirus B19 (immunocompromised) Droplet Duration of hospitalization
Parvovirus B19 (transient aplastic crisis) Droplet 7 days
Pertussis Droplet 5 days of effective therapy Single-patient room preferred; contacts may need post-exposure prophylaxis
Pinworm Routine
Pneumonia (adenovirus Droplet + Contact Duration of illness
Pneumonia (bacterial, not otherwise specified) Routine
Pneumonia (Chlamydia) Routine
Pneumonia (fungal) Routine
Pneumonia (H. influenzae type b in adults) Routine
Pneumonia (H. influenzae type b in infants and children) Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Pneumonia (Legionella) Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Pneumonia (Neisseria meningitidis) Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Pneumonia (Mycoplasma) Droplet Duration of illness
Pneumonia (Streptococcus pneumoniae) Routine Droplet precautions if nosocomial outbreak
Pneumonia (Pneumocystis jiroveci) Routine
Pneumonia (Staphylococcus aureus) Routine
Pneumonia (Group A Streptococcus in infants and young children) Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Pneumonia (viral in adults) Routine
Pneumonia (viral in infants and children) Contact Duration of illness
Poliomyelitis Contact Duration of illness
Pressure ulcer Routine Contact precautions if draining
Prion disease Routine
Psittacosis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Q fever Routine
Rabies Routine Very rare person-to-person transmission
Rat-bite fever (Streptobacillus moniliformis or Spirillum minus) Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Relapsing fever Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Respiratory infections (adults, not otherwise specified) Routine
Respiratory infection (infants and children, not otherwise specified) Contact Duration of illness
Respiratory infection (adults, not otherwise specified) Routine
Respiratory syncytial virus (infants, young children, and immunocompromised) Contact Duration of illness Immunocompromised patients may have prolonged shedding
Reye syndrome Routine Not an infectious disease
Rheumatic fever Routine
Rhinovirus Droplet Duration of illness
Rickettsioses Routine Not transmitted human-to-human
Rickettsialpox (vesicular) Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Ringworm Routine
Rocky Mountain spotted fever Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Roseola infantum Routine
Rotavirus (gastroenteritis) Refer to Gastroenteritis (rotavirus)
Rubella Droplet 7 days after rash onset
Salmonellosis (gastroenteritis) Refer to Gastroenteritis
Scabies Contact 24 hours of effective therapy
SARS coronavirus Airborne + Droplet + Contact 10 days after symptoms resolve
Schistosomiasis Routine
Shigella species (gastroenteritis) Refer to Gastroenteritis
Smallpox Airborne + Contact Until all scabs have crusted and separated
Sporotrichosis Routine
Staphylococcus aureus (food poisoning) Routine
Staphylococcus aureus (furunculosis) Routine Consider Contact precautions if uncontrolled drainage
Staphylococcus aureus (furunculosis in infants and young children) Contact Until no longer draining
Staphylococcus aureus (pneumonia) Routine
Staphylococcus aureus (scalded skin syndrome) Contact Duration of illness
Staphylococcus aureus (major soft tissue, wound, or burn) Contact Until drainage stops or is controlled
Staphylococcus aureus (toxic shock syndrome) Routine
Streptococcus pyogenes (severe soft tissue) Droplet + Contact 24 hours of effective therapy and drainage contained
Streptococcus pyogenes (minor soft tissue) Routine If drainage controlled
Streptococcus pyogenes (endometritis) Routine
Streptococcus pyogenes (pharyngitis in infants and young children) Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Streptococcus pyogenes (pneumonia) Droplet 24 hours of appropriate therapy
Streptococcus pyogenes (scarlet fever) Droplet 24 hours of appropriate therapy
Streptococcus pyogenes (invasive disease) Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Group B Streptococcus (neonatal) Routine
Strongyloidiasis Routine
Syphilis Routine
Tapeworm (Hymenolepis nana) Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Tapeworm (Taenia solium) Routine
Tapeworm (Other) Routine
Tetanus Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Tinea Routine Rarely transmitted person-to-person
Toxoplasmosis Routine Generally not transmitted person-to-person
Toxic shock syndrome (staphylococcal) Routine
Toxic shock syndrome (streptococcal) Droplet 24 hours of effective therapy
Trachoma Routine
Trench mouth Routine
Trichinosis Routine
Trichomoniasis Routine
Trichuriasis (whipworm) Routine
Tuberculosis (draining lesion) Airborne + Contact Until clinically improving and 3 negative cultures Rule out pulmonary disease
Tuberculosis (meningitis) Routine Rule out pulmonary disease and draining lesions
Tuberculosis (pulmonary or laryngeal) Airborne
Tuberculosis (latent) Routine
Tularemia (draining lesion) Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Tularemia (pulmonary) Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Typhoid fever (Salmonella typhi) Refer to Gastroenterisi
Typhus (epidemic/louse-borne) Routine
Typhus (murine/flea-borne) Routine Not transmitted person-to-person
Urinary tract infection including pyelonephritis Routine
Vaccinia (vaccination site care) Routine Vaccinate healthcare workers
Vaccinia (eczema vaccinatum) Contact Until lesions are dry and crusted, and scabs separated
Vaccinia (fetal vaccinia) Contact Until lesions are dry and crusted, and scabs separated
Vaccinia (generalized vaccinia) Contact Until lesions are dry and crusted, and scabs separated
Vaccinia (progressive vaccinia) Contact Until lesions are dry and crusted, and scabs separated
Vaccinia (postvaccinia encephalitis) Routine
Vaccinia (blepharitis or conjunctivitis) Contact Until drainage stops
Vaccinia (iritis or keratitis) Routine
Vaccinia (erythema multiforme or SJS) Routine Not infectious
Varicella zoster Airborne + Contact Until lesions dry and crusted
Varicella zoster (pneumonia in immunocompromised) Airborne + Contact Duration of illness
Vibrio cholerae (gastroenteritis) Refer to Gastroenteritis
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (gastroenteritis) Refer to Gastroenteritis
Vibrio vulnificus (gastroenteritis) Refer to Gastroenteritis
Vincent angina Routine
Viral hemorrhagic fever Droplet + Contact Duration of illness
Yersinia enterocolitica (gastroenteritis) Refer to Gastroenteritis
Yersinia pestis (bubonic plague) Routine
Yersinia pestis (pneumonic plague) Droplet 48 hours of effective therapy Consider prophylaxis in healthcare workers
Zygomycosis Routine Not transmitted person-to-person

Further Reading