Background Refers to enlargement of the lymph nodes Differential Diagnosis Neoplasm
Infection
Viral: HIV , EBV , HSV , CMV , mumps , measles , rubella , hepatitis B , dengue
Bacterial
Regional: streptococcal pharyngitis , skin and soft tissue infection , tularemia , plague , cat scratch disease , diphtheria , chancroid , rat bite fever , Lyme disease
Generalized: brucellosis , leptospirosis , lymphogranuloma venereum , typhoid fever , secondary syphilis
Mycobacterial: tuberculosis , non-tuberculous mycobacteria
Fungal: histoplasmosis , coccidiomycosis , cryptococcosis
Parasitic: toxoplasmosis , leishmaniasis
Non-neoplastic lymphoproliferative disorders
Immune-mediated
Serum sickness Drug reactions: allopurinol , atenolol , captopril , carbamazepine , cephalosporins , ethosuximide , gold , hydralazine , imatinib , lamotrigine , penicillin , phenytoin primidone , pyrimethamine , quinidine , sulfonamides , sulindac
IgG4-related disease
Endocrine and metabolism
Other
Differential by Location Cervical: EBV , CMV , toxoplasmosis , tuberculosis or non-tuberculous mycobacteria (if more chronic with less tenderness), cat scratch disease , metastatic head-and-neck cancerPreauricular: conjunctivitis , Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome (cat scratch disease )Postauricular: parietotemporal scalp infection , rubella Suboccipital: posterior scalp infectionSupraclavicular: malignancy (especially intraabdominal malignancy)Axillary: infections of the arm (including cat scratch disease ), malignancy (including breast and metastasis), foreign body reaction to silicone breast implantsEpitrochlear: infections of the forearm or hand, lymphoma , sarcoidosis , tularemia , and secondary syphilis Inguinal: trauma, lower limb infections, STIs (chancroid , LGV , herpes , syphilis ), malignancy (including skin on legs, cervix, vulva, skin on trunk, rectum/anus, ovary, penis)Generalized:
More common: HIV , tuberculosis , mononucleosis , lupus , medications, sarcoidosis , lymphoma Less common: Castleman disease , Kikuchi disease , Kawasaki disease , angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma , inflammatory pseudotumour , amyloidosis , Kimura disease , progressive transformation of germinal centres, Fosai-Dorfman disease , IgG4-related disease Causes by risk factor Animal exposure
Undercooked meat: toxoplasmosis Tick bite: Lyme disease , tularemia Tuberculosis: tuberculous adenitis Transfusion or transplant: CMV , HIV High-risk sexual behaviour: HIV , syphilis , HSV , CMV , hepatitis B Intravenous drug use: HIV , endocarditis , hepatitis B Occupational
Travel-related
Arizona, southern California, New Mexico, and western Texas: coccidiomycosis Southwestern US: plague Southeastern or central US: histoplasmosis Southeast Asia, India, or northern Australia: scrub typhus Central or west Africa: African trypanosomiasis Central or South America: American trypanosomiasis East Africa, Mediterranean, China, or South/Central America: leishmaniasis Mexico, Peru, Chile, India, Pakistan, Egypt, or Indonesia: typhoid fever
