Cephalosporins

From IDWiki
  • Class of β-lactam antibiotics
  • Cephamycins (cefoxitin and relatives) are commonly included under second-generation cephalosporin
  • Organized into generations, with increasing generations having broader gram-negative coverage but losing some gram-positive coverage
  • Third-generation are considered extended-spectrum; therefore, β-lactamases that hydrolyze third-generation cephalosporins are called extended-spectrum β-lactamases
Generation Antibiotic Route Notes
First cefadroxil PO
cefazolin IV
cephacetrile
cephalexin PO
cephaloridine
cephalothin IV previously used to predict cefazolin susceptibilty
cephapirin
cephradine PO/IV
Second cefaclor PO
cefamandole
cefonicid
ceforanide
cefotiam PO/IV
cefprozil PO sometimes thought of as a third-generation
cefuroxime PO/IV
cefuzonam severe skin reactions
loracarbef PO
Cephamycins cefmetazole
cefotetan
cefoxitin
flomoxef
Third cefdinir PO
cefditoren PO
cefixime PO
cefoperazone IV coformulated with sulbactam
cefotaxime IV very similar to ceftriaxone
cefpiramide sometimes described as a fourth-generation; may be active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
cefpodoxime PO
cefsulodin PO sometimes described as a fourth-generation; may be active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
ceftazidime IV active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa; may be coformulated with avibactam
ceftibuten PO
ceftizoxime
ceftriaxone IV
Fourth cefepime IV active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and AmpC producers
cefpirome
Fifth ceftaroline IV active against MRSA; may be coformulated with avibactam
ceftobiprole IV active against MRSA
ceftolozane IV coformulated with tazobactam; active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and ESBL producers
Siderophore cefiderocol IV

Further Reading