Intrinsic antibiotic resistance: Difference between revisions

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==Background==
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*Inherent or innate antimicrobial resistance that is present in all or almost all wild-type isolates of a given species
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==Enterobacterales==
  
==Enterobacterales==
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!Organism
  
!Organism
 
![[Ampicillin|AMP]]
  
![[Ampicillin|AMP]]
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![[Colistin|CST]]
  
![[Colistin|CST]]
 
![[Aminoglycosides|AGs]]
  
![[Aminoglycosides|AGs]]
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![[Azithromycin|AZM]]
 
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|[[Citrobacter freundii]]
  
|[[Citrobacter freundii]]
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|[[Citrobacter koseri]]
  
|[[Citrobacter koseri]]
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|[[Enterobacter cloacae]]
  
|[[Enterobacter cloacae]]
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|[[Escherichia coli]]
  
|[[Escherichia coli]]
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|[[Hadnia alvei]]
  
|[[Hadnia alvei]]
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|[[Klebsiella aerogenes]]
  
|[[Klebsiella aerogenes]]
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|[[Klebsiella oxytoca]]
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|[[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]
  
|[[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]
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[[Klebsiella oxytoca]]
  
 
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|[[Morganella morganii]]
  
|[[Morganella morganii]]
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|[[Proteus mirabilis]]
  
|[[Proteus mirabilis]]
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|[[Proteus vulgaris]]
  
|[[Proteus vulgaris]]
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|[[Providencia rettgeri]]
  
|[[Providencia rettgeri]]
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|[[Providencia stuartii]]
  
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|[[Raoultella species]]
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|[[Raoultella]]
 
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|[[Salmonella species]]
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|[[Salmonella]]
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[[Shigella species]]
  
 
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|[[Shigella]]
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*The [[Morganellaceae]] may have elevated MICs to [[imipenem]], but should be reported as susceptible if susceptible in vitro
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*[[Providencia stuartii]] is intrinsically resistant to [[gentamicin]] and [[tobramycin]] but not to [[amikacin]]
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*No intrinsic resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, [[cefepime]], [[aztreonam]], [[ticarcillin-clavulanic acid]], [[piperacillin-tazobactam]], and [[carbapenems]]
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*All are intrinsically resistance to [[clindamycin]], [[daptomycin]], [[fusidic acid]], [[vancomycin]], [[lipoglycopeptides]] (vancins and planins), [[linezolid]], [[tedizolid]], [[quinupristin-dalfopristin]], [[rifampin]], [[macrolides]] (with the exception of [[Salmonella]] and [[Shigella]] with [[azithromycin]])
   
 
==Non-Enterobacterales==
  
==Non-Enterobacterales==
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!Organism
  
!Organism
 
![[Ampicillin|AMP]]
  
![[Ampicillin|AMP]]
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*[[Stenotrophomonas maltophilia]] is intrinsically resistant to [[tetracycline]] but not to [[doxycycline]], [[minocycline]], or [[tigecycline]]
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== Staphylococci ==
  
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*Non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria are also intrinsically resistant to [[penicillin]], first- and second-generation cephalosporins, [[cephamycins]], [[clindamycin]], [[daptomycin]], [[daptomycin]], [[fusidic acid]], [[vancomycin]], [[linezolid]], [[macrolides]], [[quinupristin-dalfopristin]], and [[rifampin]]
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==Staphylococci==
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{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
!
  
!
 
![[Novobiocin|NOVO]]
  
![[Novobiocin|NOVO]]
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== Enterococcus ==
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==Enterococcus==
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!Cephalosporins
  
!Cephalosporins
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* In vitro susceptibility but clinically ineffective: cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, clindamycin, and cotrimoxazole
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*In vitro susceptibility but clinically ineffective: cephalosporins, [[aminoglycosides]], [[clindamycin]], and [[cotrimoxazole]]
   
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== Anaerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli ==
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==Anaerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli==
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{| class="wikitable"
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{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
!
  
!
 
![[Vancomycin|VAN]]
  
![[Vancomycin|VAN]]
 
![[Aminoglycosides|AGs]]
  
![[Aminoglycosides|AGs]]
 
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|[[Clostridium species]]
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|[[Clostridium]]
 
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|R
  
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== Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli ==
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==Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli==
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!
  
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![[Aminoglycosides|AGs]]
  
![[Aminoglycosides|AGs]]
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![[Fluoroquinolones|FQs]]
  
![[Fluoroquinolones|FQs]]
 
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|[[Bacteroides species]]
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|[[Bacteroides]]
 
|R
  
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|R
  
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==Further Reading==
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*CLSI M100-ED30:2020 Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 30th Edition
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[[Category:Antibiotics]]
  
[[Category:Antibiotics]]

Latest revision as of 11:28, 18 February 2022

Background

  • Inherent or innate antimicrobial resistance that is present in all or almost all wild-type isolates of a given species

Enterobacterales

Organism AMP AMC SAM TIC CFZ FOX CXM IMI TET TGC NIT CST AGs AZM
Citrobacter freundii R R R R R R R
Citrobacter koseri R R R
Enterobacter cloacae R R R R R R
Escherichia coli R
Hadnia alvei R R R R R R
Klebsiella aerogenes R R R R R R
Klebsiella oxytoca R R R
Klebsiella pneumoniae R R R
Morganella morganii R R R R ± R R R R
Proteus mirabilis ± R R R R R
Proteus vulgaris R R R ± R R R R R
Providencia rettgeri R R R ± R R R R R
Providencia stuartii R R R ± R R R R ± R
Raoultella R R R
Salmonella
Serratia marcescens R R R R R R R R R
Shigella
Yersinia enterocolitica R R R R R

Non-Enterobacterales

Organism AMP PIP TIC SAM AMC TZP CTX CRO CAZ FEP ATM IMI MEM ETP CST AGs TET/TGC TMP SXT CHL FOF
Acinetobacter baumannii R R R R R R R
Burkholderia cepacia R R R R R ± ± ± ± ± ± R R ± ± R
Pseudomonas aeruginosa R R R R R R R R R R
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia R R R R R R R R R R R R R ± R R

Staphylococci

NOVO FOF FA AZT CST NAL
Staphylococcus aureus R R R
Staphylococcus lugdenensis R R R
Staphylococcus epidermidis R R R
Staphylococcus haemolyticus R R R
Staphylococcus saprophyticus R R R R R R
Staphylococcus capitis R R R R
Staphylococcus cohnii R R R R
Staphylococcus xylosus R R R R

Enterococcus

Cephalosporins VAN TEC AGs CLI Q-D TMP SXT FA
Enterococcus faecalis R R R R R R R
Enterococcus faecium R R R R R R
Enterococcus gallinarum R R R R R R R R
Enterococcus casseliflavus R R R R R R R R

Anaerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

VAN AGs
Clostridium R
Clostridioides difficile R
Clostridium innocuum R R

Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli

AGs PEN AMP FQs
Bacteroides R R R
Fusobacterium canifelinum R R

Further Reading

  • CLSI M100-ED30:2020 Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 30th Edition
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