Intrinsic antibiotic resistance: Difference between revisions

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==Background==
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== Enterobacterales ==
  
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{| class="wikitable"
  
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*Inherent or innate antimicrobial resistance that is present in all or almost all wild-type isolates of a given species
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==Enterobacterales==
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{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
!Organism
  
!Organism
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!AMP
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![[Ampicillin|AMP]]
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![[Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid|AMC]]
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!AMC
  
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![[Ampicillin-sulbactam|SAM]]
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!SAM
  
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![[Ticarcillin|TIC]]
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!TIC
  
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!CFZ
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![[Cefazolin|CFZ]]
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!FOX
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![[Cefoxitin|FOX]]
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!CXM
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![[Cefuroxime|CXM]]
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!IMI
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![[Imipenem|IMI]]
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![[Tetracyclines|TET]]
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!TET
  
  +
![[Tigecycline|TGC]]
−
!TGC
  
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![[Nitrofurantoin|NIT]]
−
!NIT
  
−
!CST
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![[Colistin|CST]]
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![[Aminoglycosides|AGs]]
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!AGs
  
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![[Azithromycin|AZM]]
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Citrobacter freundii]]
  
|[[Citrobacter freundii]]
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|
 
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|R
 
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|[[Citrobacter koseri]]
  
|[[Citrobacter koseri]]
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|
 
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|R
 
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|[[Enterobacter cloacae]]
  
|[[Enterobacter cloacae]]
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|R
 
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|[[Escherichia coli]]
  
|[[Escherichia coli]]
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|
  
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|R
 
|-
  
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|[[Hadnia alvei]]
  
|[[Hadnia alvei]]
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|
  
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|R
 
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|[[Klebsiella aerogenes]]
  
|[[Klebsiella aerogenes]]
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|
  
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|R
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|[[Klebsiella oxytoca]]
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|R
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|
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|
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|R
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|R
 
|-
  
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|[[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]
  
|[[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]
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[[Klebsiella oxytoca]]
  
 
|R
  
|R
 
|
  
|
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|R
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Morganella morganii]]
  
|[[Morganella morganii]]
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|R
  
|R
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|r
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|±
 
|
  
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|R
  
|R
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|R
  
|R
 
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|R
 
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|[[Proteus mirabilis]]
  
|[[Proteus mirabilis]]
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|r
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|±
 
|R
  
|R
 
|R
  
|R
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|R
  
|R
 
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|R
 
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|[[Proteus vulgaris]]
  
|[[Proteus vulgaris]]
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|R
  
|R
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|r
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|±
 
|R
  
|R
 
|R
  
|R
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|R
  
|R
 
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|R
 
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|[[Providencia rettgeri]]
  
|[[Providencia rettgeri]]
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|±
 
|R
  
|R
 
|R
  
|R
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|R
  
|R
 
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|R
 
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|[[Providencia stuartii]]
  
|[[Providencia stuartii]]
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|R
  
|R
 
|R
  
|R
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|R
  
|R
 
|±
  
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|R
 
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|[[Raoultella species]]
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|[[Raoultella]]
 
|R
  
|R
 
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|R
 
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|[[Salmonella species]]
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|[[Salmonella]]
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[[Shigella species]]
  
 
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|R
  
|R
 
|R
  
|R
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|R
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|[[Shigella]]
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*The [[Morganellaceae]] may have elevated MICs to [[imipenem]], but should be reported as susceptible if susceptible in vitro
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== Non-Enterobacterales ==
  
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*[[Providencia stuartii]] is intrinsically resistant to [[gentamicin]] and [[tobramycin]] but not to [[amikacin]]
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{| class="wikitable"
  
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*No intrinsic resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, [[cefepime]], [[aztreonam]], [[ticarcillin-clavulanic acid]], [[piperacillin-tazobactam]], and [[carbapenems]]
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*All are intrinsically resistance to [[clindamycin]], [[daptomycin]], [[fusidic acid]], [[vancomycin]], [[lipoglycopeptides]] (vancins and planins), [[linezolid]], [[tedizolid]], [[quinupristin-dalfopristin]], [[rifampin]], [[macrolides]] (with the exception of [[Salmonella]] and [[Shigella]] with [[azithromycin]])
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  +
==Non-Enterobacterales==
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{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
!Organism
  
!Organism
−
!AMP
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![[Ampicillin|AMP]]
  +
![[Piperacillin|PIP]]
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!PIP
  
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![[Ticarcillin|TIC]]
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!TIC
  
  +
![[Ampicillin-sulbactam|SAM]]
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!SAM
  
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![[Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid|AMC]]
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!AMC
  
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![[Piperacillin-tazobactam|TZP]]
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!TZP
  
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!CTX
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![[Cefotaxime|CTX]]
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![[Ceftriaxone|CRO]]
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!CRO
  
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![[Ceftazidime|CAZ]]
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!CAZ
  
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!FEP
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![[Cefepime|FEP]]
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!ATM
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![[Aztreonam|ATM]]
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!IMI
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![[Imipenem|IMI]]
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!MEM
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![[Meropenem|MEM]]
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!ETP
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![[Ertapenem|ETP]]
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!CST
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![[Colistin|CST]]
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![[Aminoglycosides|AGs]]
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!AGs
  
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![[Tetracycline|TET]]/[[Tigecycline|TGC]]
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!TET/TGC
  
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![[Trimethoprim|TMP]]
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!TMP
  
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![[Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole|SXT]]
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!SXT
  
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![[Chloramphenicol|CHL]]
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!CHL
  
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!FOF
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![[Fosfomycin|FOF]]
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Acinetobacter baumannii]]
  
|[[Acinetobacter baumannii]]
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|R
  
|R
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|TET
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|±
 
|R
  
|R
 
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|R
  
|R
 
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*[[Stenotrophomonas maltophilia]] is intrinsically resistant to [[tetracycline]] but not to [[doxycycline]], [[minocycline]], or [[tigecycline]]
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*Non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria are also intrinsically resistant to [[penicillin]], first- and second-generation cephalosporins, [[cephamycins]], [[clindamycin]], [[daptomycin]], [[daptomycin]], [[fusidic acid]], [[vancomycin]], [[linezolid]], [[macrolides]], [[quinupristin-dalfopristin]], and [[rifampin]]
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==Staphylococci==
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{| class="wikitable sortable"
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!
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![[Novobiocin|NOVO]]
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![[Fosfomycin|FOF]]
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![[Fusidic acid|FA]]
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![[Aztreonam|AZT]]
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![[Colistin|CST]]
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![[Nalidixic acid|NAL]]
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|-
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|[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
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|
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|
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|-
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|[[Staphylococcus lugdenensis]]
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|
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|-
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|[[Staphylococcus epidermidis]]
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|
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|
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|
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|-
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|[[Staphylococcus haemolyticus]]
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|
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|
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|
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|-
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|[[Staphylococcus saprophyticus]]
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|-
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|[[Staphylococcus capitis]]
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|
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|[[Staphylococcus cohnii]]
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|[[Staphylococcus xylosus]]
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|}
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==Enterococcus==
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{| class="wikitable sortable"
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!
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!Cephalosporins
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![[Vancomycin|VAN]]
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![[Teicoplanin|TEC]]
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![[Aminoglycosides|AGs]]
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![[Clindamycin|CLI]]
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![[Quinupristin-dalfopristin|Q-D]]
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![[Trimethoprim|TMP]]
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![[Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole|SXT]]
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![[Fusidic acid|FA]]
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|-
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|[[Enterococcus faecalis]]
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|[[Enterococcus faecium]]
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|[[Enterococcus gallinarum]]
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|-
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|[[Enterococcus casseliflavus]]
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|}
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*In vitro susceptibility but clinically ineffective: cephalosporins, [[aminoglycosides]], [[clindamycin]], and [[cotrimoxazole]]
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==Anaerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli==
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{| class="wikitable sortable"
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!
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![[Vancomycin|VAN]]
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![[Aminoglycosides|AGs]]
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|-
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|[[Clostridium]]
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|R
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|-
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|[[Clostridioides difficile]]
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|R
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|-
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|[[Clostridium innocuum]]
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|R
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|R
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|}
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==Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli==
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{| class="wikitable sortable"
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!
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![[Aminoglycosides|AGs]]
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![[Penicillin|PEN]]
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![[Ampicillin|AMP]]
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![[Fluoroquinolones|FQs]]
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|-
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|[[Bacteroides]]
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|R
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|R
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|R
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|-
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|[[Fusobacterium canifelinum]]
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|R
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|R
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|}
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==Further Reading==
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*CLSI M100-ED30:2020 Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 30th Edition
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[[Category:Antibiotics]]
  
[[Category:Antibiotics]]

Latest revision as of 11:28, 18 February 2022

Background

  • Inherent or innate antimicrobial resistance that is present in all or almost all wild-type isolates of a given species

Enterobacterales

Organism AMP AMC SAM TIC CFZ FOX CXM IMI TET TGC NIT CST AGs AZM
Citrobacter freundii R R R R R R R
Citrobacter koseri R R R
Enterobacter cloacae R R R R R R
Escherichia coli R
Hadnia alvei R R R R R R
Klebsiella aerogenes R R R R R R
Klebsiella oxytoca R R R
Klebsiella pneumoniae R R R
Morganella morganii R R R R ± R R R R
Proteus mirabilis ± R R R R R
Proteus vulgaris R R R ± R R R R R
Providencia rettgeri R R R ± R R R R R
Providencia stuartii R R R ± R R R R ± R
Raoultella R R R
Salmonella
Serratia marcescens R R R R R R R R R
Shigella
Yersinia enterocolitica R R R R R

Non-Enterobacterales

Organism AMP PIP TIC SAM AMC TZP CTX CRO CAZ FEP ATM IMI MEM ETP CST AGs TET/TGC TMP SXT CHL FOF
Acinetobacter baumannii R R R R R R R
Burkholderia cepacia R R R R R ± ± ± ± ± ± R R ± ± R
Pseudomonas aeruginosa R R R R R R R R R R
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia R R R R R R R R R R R R R ± R R

Staphylococci

NOVO FOF FA AZT CST NAL
Staphylococcus aureus R R R
Staphylococcus lugdenensis R R R
Staphylococcus epidermidis R R R
Staphylococcus haemolyticus R R R
Staphylococcus saprophyticus R R R R R R
Staphylococcus capitis R R R R
Staphylococcus cohnii R R R R
Staphylococcus xylosus R R R R

Enterococcus

Cephalosporins VAN TEC AGs CLI Q-D TMP SXT FA
Enterococcus faecalis R R R R R R R
Enterococcus faecium R R R R R R
Enterococcus gallinarum R R R R R R R R
Enterococcus casseliflavus R R R R R R R R

Anaerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

VAN AGs
Clostridium R
Clostridioides difficile R
Clostridium innocuum R R

Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli

AGs PEN AMP FQs
Bacteroides R R R
Fusobacterium canifelinum R R

Further Reading

  • CLSI M100-ED30:2020 Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 30th Edition
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