| Organism
|
Clinical Clues
|
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (tuberculosis)
|
older age, residence in endemic country, HIV
|
| Non-tuberculous mycobacteria
|
COPD, HIV
|
| Nocardia (nocardiosis)
|
immunocompromised host
|
| Actinomyces (actinomycosis)
|
aspiration, chest wall involvement
|
| Aspergillus (aspergillosis)
|
immunocompromised host, vascular invasion
|
| Histoplasma capsulatum (histoplasmosis)
|
exposure to Mississippi River Valley
|
| Coccidioides immitis (Coccidiomycosis)
|
exposure to southwestern US
|
| Blastomyces dermatitidis (blastomycosis)
|
exposure to southeast and midwest US
|
| Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)
|
exposure to sheep, cattle, or cats
|
| Francisella tularensis (tularemia)
|
exposure to rabbits or ticks
|
| Chlamydia psittaci (psittacosis)
|
exposure to birds
|
| Yersinia pestis (plague)
|
exposure to rats
|
| Leptospira (leptospirosis)
|
exposure to rats or urine-contaminated water
|
| Burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis)
|
rodent exposure in Southeast Asia, similar presentation to TB
|
| Paragonimus westermani (paragonimiasis)
|
travel to Asia, Africa, or Central and South America
|
| Hantavirus
|
mouse exposure in southwestern US
|
| Bacillus anthracis (anthrax)
|
contact with infected animal carcasses or hides, and more common in Asia, Iran, Turkey, Greece, and South Africa
|
