Carbapenem-resistant organisms: Difference between revisions
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**[[Imipenem-relebactam]] |
**[[Imipenem-relebactam]] |
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=== Dosing === |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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!Antimicrobial |
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!Dose |
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!Targetted Organisms |
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|- |
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|[[amikacin]] |
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|20 mg/kg IV load then per PK monitoring |
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[[Cystitis]]: 15 mg/kg IV once |
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|ESBL-E, AmpC-E, CRE, DTR-PA |
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|- |
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|[[ampicillin-sulbactam]] |
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|9 g IV q8h infused over 4 h, or 27 g IV over 24 hours continuous infusion |
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|CRAB |
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|- |
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|[[cefepime]] |
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|2 g IV q8h infused over 2 h |
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[[Cystitis]]: 1 g IV q8h |
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|AmpC-E |
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|- |
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|[[cefiderocol]] |
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|2 g IV q8h infused over 3 h |
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|CRE, DTR-PA, CRAB, Stenotrophomonas |
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|- |
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|[[ceftazidime-avibactam]] |
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|2.5 g IV q8h infused over 3 h |
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|CRE, DTR-PA |
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|- |
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|[[ceftazidime-avibactam]] plus [[aztreonam]] |
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|2.5 g IV q8h infused over 3 h plus 2 g IV q8h infused over 3 h, infused concurrently if possible |
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|MBL CRE, Stenotrophomonas |
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|- |
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|[[ceftolozane-tazobactam]] |
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|3 g IV q8h infused over 3 h |
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[[Cystitis]]: 1.5 g IV q8h infused over 1 h |
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|DTR-PA |
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|- |
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|[[ciprofloxacin]] |
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|400 mg IV q8-12h or 500-750 mg p.o. q12h |
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|ESBL-E, AmpC-E |
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|- |
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|[[colistin]] |
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| |
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|CRE cystitis, DTR-PA cystitis, CRAB cystitis |
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|- |
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|[[eravacycline]] |
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|1 mg/kg IV q12h |
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|CRE, CRAB |
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|- |
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|[[ertapenem]] |
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|1 g IV q24h infused over 30 min |
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|ESBL-E, AmpC-E |
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|- |
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|[[fosfomycin]] |
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|[[Cystitis]]: 3 g p.o. once |
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|ESBL-E. coli cystitis |
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|- |
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|[[gentamicin]] |
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|7 mg/kg IV load then based on PK |
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[[Cystitis]]: 5 mg/kg IV once |
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|ESBL-E, AmpC-, CRE, DTR-PA |
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|- |
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|[[imipenem-cilastatin]] |
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|ESBL-E or AmpC-E: 500 mg IV q6h infused over 30 min |
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CRE and CRAB: 500 mg IV q6h infused over 3 h |
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[[Cystitis]]: 500 mg IV q6h infused over 30 min |
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|ESBL-E, AmpC-E, CRE, CRAB |
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|- |
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|[[imipenem-cilastatin-relebactam]] |
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|1.25 g IV q6h infused over 30 min |
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|CRE, DTR-PA |
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|- |
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|[[levofloxacin]] |
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|750 mg p.o./IV q24h |
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|ESBL-E, AmpC-E, Stenotrophomonas |
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|- |
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|[[meropenem]] |
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|ESBL-E or AmpC-E: 1-2 g IV q8h infused over 30 min |
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CRE and CRAB: 2 g IV q8h infused over 30 min |
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[[Cystitis]]: 1 g IV q8h, infused over 30 min |
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|ESBL-E, AmpC-E, CRE, CRAB |
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|- |
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|[[meropenem-vaborbactam]] |
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|4 g IV q8h infused over 3 h |
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|CRE |
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|- |
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|[[minocycline]] |
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|200 mg IV/p.o. q12h |
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|CRAB, Stenotrophomonas |
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|- |
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|[[nitrofurantoin]] |
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|cystitis: macrocystals 100 mg p.o. q12h or oral suspension 50 mg p.o. q6h |
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|ESBL-E cystitis, AmpC-E cystitis |
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|- |
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|[[plazomicin]] |
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|15 mg/kg IV load then dosed by PK |
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[[Cystitis]]: 15 mg/kg IV once |
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|ESBL-E, AmpC-E, CRE, DTR-PA |
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|- |
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|[[polymyxin B]] |
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| |
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|DTR-PA, CRAB |
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|- |
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|[[tigecycline]] |
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|200 mg IV load followed by 100 mg IV q12h |
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|CRE, CRAB, Stenotrophomonas |
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|- |
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|[[tobramycin]] |
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|7 mg/kg IV load then dosed by PK |
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[[Cystitis]]: 5 mg/kg IV once |
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|ESBL-E, AmpC-E, CRE, DTR-PA |
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|- |
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|[[co-trimoxazole]] |
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|8-12 mg/kg/day (TMP) p.o./IV divided 18-12h |
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[[Cystitis]]: 160 mg (TMP) p.o./IV q12h |
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|ESBL-E, AmpC-E, Stenotrophomonas |
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|} |
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[[Category:Bacteria]] |
[[Category:Bacteria]] |
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Revision as of 12:42, 30 August 2022
Background
- Mechanisms include decreased expression of porins, increased expression of efflux pumps, and carbapenemases
Management
| Antibiotic | KPC | NDM | OXA-48 | CRPsA | CRAcB | Stenotrophomonas |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aztreonam-avibactam | + | + | + | ± | – | + |
| cefiderocol | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| ceftazidime-avibactam | + | – | + | ± | – | – |
| ceftolozane-tazobactam | – | – | – | ± | – | ± |
| eravacycline | + | + | + | – | + | + |
| fosfomycin | ± | ± | ± | ± | – | – |
| imipenem-relebactam | + | – | ± | + | – | – |
| meropenem-vaborbactam | + | – | – | – | – | – |
| plazomicin | + | ± | + | ± | – | – |
| colistin | ± | ± | ± | ± | ± | ± |
| tigecycline | + | + | + | – | + | + |
- For KPC, the most common Class A carbapenemase, consider:
- For AmpCs, consider:
- For metallo-β-lactamases, consider:
- For all of the above, also consider:
- Eravacycline
- Tigecycline
- Colistin, though increasing resistance
- Plazomicin
- For carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, consider:
Dosing
| Antimicrobial | Dose | Targetted Organisms |
|---|---|---|
| amikacin | 20 mg/kg IV load then per PK monitoring
Cystitis: 15 mg/kg IV once |
ESBL-E, AmpC-E, CRE, DTR-PA |
| ampicillin-sulbactam | 9 g IV q8h infused over 4 h, or 27 g IV over 24 hours continuous infusion | CRAB |
| cefepime | 2 g IV q8h infused over 2 h
Cystitis: 1 g IV q8h |
AmpC-E |
| cefiderocol | 2 g IV q8h infused over 3 h | CRE, DTR-PA, CRAB, Stenotrophomonas |
| ceftazidime-avibactam | 2.5 g IV q8h infused over 3 h | CRE, DTR-PA |
| ceftazidime-avibactam plus aztreonam | 2.5 g IV q8h infused over 3 h plus 2 g IV q8h infused over 3 h, infused concurrently if possible | MBL CRE, Stenotrophomonas |
| ceftolozane-tazobactam | 3 g IV q8h infused over 3 h
Cystitis: 1.5 g IV q8h infused over 1 h |
DTR-PA |
| ciprofloxacin | 400 mg IV q8-12h or 500-750 mg p.o. q12h | ESBL-E, AmpC-E |
| colistin | CRE cystitis, DTR-PA cystitis, CRAB cystitis | |
| eravacycline | 1 mg/kg IV q12h | CRE, CRAB |
| ertapenem | 1 g IV q24h infused over 30 min | ESBL-E, AmpC-E |
| fosfomycin | Cystitis: 3 g p.o. once | ESBL-E. coli cystitis |
| gentamicin | 7 mg/kg IV load then based on PK
Cystitis: 5 mg/kg IV once |
ESBL-E, AmpC-, CRE, DTR-PA |
| imipenem-cilastatin | ESBL-E or AmpC-E: 500 mg IV q6h infused over 30 min
CRE and CRAB: 500 mg IV q6h infused over 3 h Cystitis: 500 mg IV q6h infused over 30 min |
ESBL-E, AmpC-E, CRE, CRAB |
| imipenem-cilastatin-relebactam | 1.25 g IV q6h infused over 30 min | CRE, DTR-PA |
| levofloxacin | 750 mg p.o./IV q24h | ESBL-E, AmpC-E, Stenotrophomonas |
| meropenem | ESBL-E or AmpC-E: 1-2 g IV q8h infused over 30 min
CRE and CRAB: 2 g IV q8h infused over 30 min Cystitis: 1 g IV q8h, infused over 30 min |
ESBL-E, AmpC-E, CRE, CRAB |
| meropenem-vaborbactam | 4 g IV q8h infused over 3 h | CRE |
| minocycline | 200 mg IV/p.o. q12h | CRAB, Stenotrophomonas |
| nitrofurantoin | cystitis: macrocystals 100 mg p.o. q12h or oral suspension 50 mg p.o. q6h | ESBL-E cystitis, AmpC-E cystitis |
| plazomicin | 15 mg/kg IV load then dosed by PK
Cystitis: 15 mg/kg IV once |
ESBL-E, AmpC-E, CRE, DTR-PA |
| polymyxin B | DTR-PA, CRAB | |
| tigecycline | 200 mg IV load followed by 100 mg IV q12h | CRE, CRAB, Stenotrophomonas |
| tobramycin | 7 mg/kg IV load then dosed by PK
Cystitis: 5 mg/kg IV once |
ESBL-E, AmpC-E, CRE, DTR-PA |
| co-trimoxazole | 8-12 mg/kg/day (TMP) p.o./IV divided 18-12h
Cystitis: 160 mg (TMP) p.o./IV q12h |
ESBL-E, AmpC-E, Stenotrophomonas |
References
- ^ Mical Paul, Elena Carrara, Pilar Retamar, Thomas Tängdén, Roni Bitterman, Robert A. Bonomo, Jan de Waele, George L. Daikos, Murat Akova, Stephan Harbarth, Celine Pulcini, José Garnacho-Montero, Katja Seme, Mario Tumbarello, Paul Christoffer Lindemann, Sumanth Gandra, Yunsong Yu, Matteo Bassetti, Johan W. Mouton, Evelina Tacconelli, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño. European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) guidelines for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (endorsed by European society of intensive care medicine). Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2022;28(4):521-547. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2021.11.025.
