Intrinsic antibiotic resistance: Difference between revisions

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==Background==

*Inherent or innate antimicrobial resistance that is present in all or almost all wild-type isolates of a given species

==Enterobacterales==
==Enterobacterales==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Organism
!Organism
![[Ampicillin|AMP]]
![[Ampicillin|AMP]]
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![[Colistin|CST]]
![[Colistin|CST]]
![[Aminoglycosides|AGs]]
![[Aminoglycosides|AGs]]
![[Azithromycin|AZM]]
|-
|-
|[[Citrobacter freundii]]
|[[Citrobacter freundii]]
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|
|
|
|R
|-
|-
|[[Citrobacter koseri]]
|[[Citrobacter koseri]]
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|R
|-
|-
|[[Enterobacter cloacae]]
|[[Enterobacter cloacae]]
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|R
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|[[Escherichia coli]]
|[[Escherichia coli]]
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|R
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|[[Hadnia alvei]]
|[[Hadnia alvei]]
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|R
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|[[Klebsiella aerogenes]]
|[[Klebsiella aerogenes]]
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|R
|-
⚫
|[[Klebsiella oxytoca]]
|R
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|R
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|R
|-
|-
|[[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]
|[[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]
⚫
[[Klebsiella oxytoca]]
|R
|R
|
|
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|R
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|[[Morganella morganii]]
|[[Morganella morganii]]
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|R
|R
|r
|±
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|R
|R
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|R
|R
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|R
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|[[Proteus mirabilis]]
|[[Proteus mirabilis]]
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|r
|±
|R
|R
|R
|R
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|R
|R
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|R
|-
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|[[Proteus vulgaris]]
|[[Proteus vulgaris]]
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|R
|R
|r
|±
|R
|R
|R
|R
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|R
|R
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|R
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|[[Providencia rettgeri]]
|[[Providencia rettgeri]]
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|r
|±
|R
|R
|R
|R
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|R
|R
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|R
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|[[Providencia stuartii]]
|[[Providencia stuartii]]
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|r
|±
|R
|R
|R
|R
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|R
|R
|±
|±
|R
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|[[Raoultella species]]
|[[Raoultella]]
|R
|R
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|R
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|-
|[[Salmonella species]]
|[[Salmonella]]
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⚫
[[Shigella species]]
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|R
|R
|R
|R
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|R
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⚫
|[[Shigella]]
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*The [[Morganellaceae]] may have elevated MICs to [[imipenem]], but should be reported as susceptible if susceptible in vitro
*[[Providencia stuartii]] is intrinsically resistant to [[gentamicin]] and [[tobramycin]] but not to [[amikacin]]
*No intrinsic resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, [[cefepime]], [[aztreonam]], [[ticarcillin-clavulanic acid]], [[piperacillin-tazobactam]], and [[carbapenems]]
*All are intrinsically resistance to [[clindamycin]], [[daptomycin]], [[fusidic acid]], [[vancomycin]], [[lipoglycopeptides]] (vancins and planins), [[linezolid]], [[tedizolid]], [[quinupristin-dalfopristin]], [[rifampin]], [[macrolides]] (with the exception of [[Salmonella]] and [[Shigella]] with [[azithromycin]])


==Non-Enterobacterales==
==Non-Enterobacterales==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Organism
!Organism
![[Ampicillin|AMP]]
![[Ampicillin|AMP]]
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|
|
|R
|R
|TET
|±
|R
|R
|
|
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|}
|}


*[[Stenotrophomonas maltophilia]] is intrinsically resistant to [[tetracycline]] but not to [[doxycycline]], [[minocycline]], or [[tigecycline]]
⚫
== Staphylococci ==
*Non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria are also intrinsically resistant to [[penicillin]], first- and second-generation cephalosporins, [[cephamycins]], [[clindamycin]], [[daptomycin]], [[daptomycin]], [[fusidic acid]], [[vancomycin]], [[linezolid]], [[macrolides]], [[quinupristin-dalfopristin]], and [[rifampin]]
⚫
{| class="wikitable"

⚫
==Staphylococci==
⚫
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!
!
![[Novobiocin|NOVO]]
![[Novobiocin|NOVO]]
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|}
|}


== Enterococcus ==
==Enterococcus==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!
!
!Cephalosporins
!Cephalosporins
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|}
|}


* In vitro susceptibility but clinically ineffective: cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, clindamycin, and cotrimoxazole
*In vitro susceptibility but clinically ineffective: cephalosporins, [[aminoglycosides]], [[clindamycin]], and [[cotrimoxazole]]


== Anaerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli ==
==Anaerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!
!
![[Vancomycin|VAN]]
![[Vancomycin|VAN]]
![[Aminoglycosides|AGs]]
![[Aminoglycosides|AGs]]
|-
|-
|[[Clostridium species]]
|[[Clostridium]]
|
|
|R
|R
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|}
|}


== Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli ==
==Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!
!
![[Aminoglycosides|AGs]]
![[Aminoglycosides|AGs]]
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![[Fluoroquinolones|FQs]]
![[Fluoroquinolones|FQs]]
|-
|-
|[[Bacteroides species]]
|[[Bacteroides]]
|R
|R
|R
|R
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|R
|R
|}
|}

==Further Reading==

*CLSI M100-ED30:2020 Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 30th Edition

[[Category:Antibiotics]]
[[Category:Antibiotics]]

Latest revision as of 15:28, 18 February 2022

Background

  • Inherent or innate antimicrobial resistance that is present in all or almost all wild-type isolates of a given species

Enterobacterales

Organism AMP AMC SAM TIC CFZ FOX CXM IMI TET TGC NIT CST AGs AZM
Citrobacter freundii R R R R R R R
Citrobacter koseri R R R
Enterobacter cloacae R R R R R R
Escherichia coli R
Hadnia alvei R R R R R R
Klebsiella aerogenes R R R R R R
Klebsiella oxytoca R R R
Klebsiella pneumoniae R R R
Morganella morganii R R R R ± R R R R
Proteus mirabilis ± R R R R R
Proteus vulgaris R R R ± R R R R R
Providencia rettgeri R R R ± R R R R R
Providencia stuartii R R R ± R R R R ± R
Raoultella R R R
Salmonella
Serratia marcescens R R R R R R R R R
Shigella
Yersinia enterocolitica R R R R R

Non-Enterobacterales

Organism AMP PIP TIC SAM AMC TZP CTX CRO CAZ FEP ATM IMI MEM ETP CST AGs TET/TGC TMP SXT CHL FOF
Acinetobacter baumannii R R R R R R R
Burkholderia cepacia R R R R R ± ± ± ± ± ± R R ± ± R
Pseudomonas aeruginosa R R R R R R R R R R
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia R R R R R R R R R R R R R ± R R

Staphylococci

NOVO FOF FA AZT CST NAL
Staphylococcus aureus R R R
Staphylococcus lugdenensis R R R
Staphylococcus epidermidis R R R
Staphylococcus haemolyticus R R R
Staphylococcus saprophyticus R R R R R R
Staphylococcus capitis R R R R
Staphylococcus cohnii R R R R
Staphylococcus xylosus R R R R

Enterococcus

Cephalosporins VAN TEC AGs CLI Q-D TMP SXT FA
Enterococcus faecalis R R R R R R R
Enterococcus faecium R R R R R R
Enterococcus gallinarum R R R R R R R R
Enterococcus casseliflavus R R R R R R R R

Anaerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

VAN AGs
Clostridium R
Clostridioides difficile R
Clostridium innocuum R R

Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli

AGs PEN AMP FQs
Bacteroides R R R
Fusobacterium canifelinum R R

Further Reading

  • CLSI M100-ED30:2020 Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 30th Edition
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