Protozoa: Difference between revisions
From IDWiki
No edit summary |
m (Text replacement - " species]]" to "]]") |
||
(4 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" |
||
− | * '''Amoebae''': pseudopodia |
||
+ | !Group |
||
− | ** Obligate parasites |
||
+ | !Organism |
||
− | *** Non-pathogenic |
||
+ | !Common Name |
||
− | **** ''[[Entamoeba coli]]'', ''[[Entamoeba dispar]]'', ''[[Entamoeba hartmanii]]'', and ''[[Entamoeba polecki]]'' |
||
+ | !Exposure |
||
− | **** ''[[Endolimax nana]]'' |
||
+ | !Treatment |
||
− | **** ''[[Iodamoeba buetschlii]]'' |
||
+ | |- |
||
− | *** Pathogenic |
||
+ | ! colspan="5" |Amoebae |
||
− | **** ''[[Entamoeba histolytica]]'' |
||
+ | |- |
||
− | **** ''[[Blastocystis hominis]]'' (maybe) |
||
+ | | rowspan="2" |obligate amoebae |
||
− | ** Facultative free-living parasites |
||
+ | |[[Entamoeba histolytica]] |
||
− | *** ''[[Naegleria fowleri]]'': causes [[primary amoebic meningoencephalitis]] |
||
+ | |amebic dysentery |
||
− | *** ''[[Balamuthia mandrillaris]]'': causes [[granulomatous amoebic encephalitis]] |
||
+ | | |
||
− | *** [[Acanthamoeba species]]: cause [[granulomatous amoebic encephalitis]] and [[amoebic keratitis]] |
||
+ | |[[iodoquinol]] or [[paramomycin]] or [[metronidazole]] or [[tinidazole]] |
||
− | * '''Flagellates''': regular flagella or kinetoplastic flagella |
||
+ | |- |
||
− | ** '''Non-kinetoplastid''' flagellates |
||
+ | |[[Blastocystis hominis]] |
||
− | *** Pathogenic |
||
+ | | |
||
− | **** Intestinal: ''[[Giardia lamblia]]'' and ''[[Dientamoeba fragilis]]'' |
||
+ | | |
||
− | **** Genitourinary: ''[[Trichomonas vaginalis]]'' |
||
+ | |[[metronidazole]] or [[TMP-SMX]] or [[iodoquinol]] |
||
− | *** Non-pathogenic |
||
+ | |- |
||
− | **** Intestinal: ''[[Chilomastix mesnili]]'', ''[[Pentatrichomonas hominis]]'' |
||
+ | | rowspan="3" |free-living amoebae |
||
− | **** Oral: ''[[Trichomonas tenax]]'' |
||
+ | |[[Naegleria fowleri]] |
||
− | ** '''Kinetoplastid''' flagellates: flagellated protozoa with DNA inside large mitochondria at one end |
||
+ | |primary amebic meningoencephalitis |
||
− | *** [[Trypanosoma species]] |
||
+ | |warm freshwater |
||
− | **** ''[[Trypanosoma cruzi]]'': causes [[American trypanosomiasis]] |
||
+ | |combination therapy |
||
− | **** ''[[Trypanosoma brucei]]'': causes [[human African trypanosomiasis]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
− | ***** ''[[Trypanosoma brucei]]'' subsp. ''gambiense'': causes [[West African trypanosomiasis]] |
||
+ | |[[Balamuthia mandrillaris]] |
||
− | ***** ''[[Trypanosoma brucei]]'' subsp. ''rhodesiense'': causes [[East African trypanosomiasis]] |
||
+ | |granulomatous amebic encephalitis |
||
− | ***** Other subspecies have case reports of causing human disease |
||
+ | |warm freshwater |
||
− | *** [[Leishmania species]] |
||
+ | |combination therapy |
||
− | **** Old World, visceralizing: ''L. infantum'', ''L. donovani'' (in India) |
||
+ | |- |
||
− | **** Old World, tegumentary: ''L. infantum'', ''L. donovani'' (Sri Lanka), ''L. major'', ''L. tropica'' |
||
+ | |[[Acanthamoeba]] |
||
− | **** New World, visceralizing: ''L. chagasi'' (genetically identical to ''L. infantum'') |
||
+ | |granulomatous amebic encephalitis and amebic keratitis |
||
− | **** New World, tegumentary: |
||
+ | |warm freshwater |
||
− | ***** Viannia group (should be treated systemically): ''L. braziliensis'', ''L. panamensis'', ''L. guyanensis'' |
||
+ | |combination therapy |
||
− | ***** Leishmania group (may need only local treatment): ''L. mexicana'' |
||
+ | |- |
||
− | * '''Apicomplexa''': gliding, sexual reproduction |
||
+ | ! colspan="5" |Flagellates |
||
− | ** '''Hemosporidia''' |
||
+ | |- |
||
− | *** [[Plasmodium species]] |
||
+ | | rowspan="3" |kinetoplastid flagellates |
||
− | *** [[Babesia species]] |
||
+ | |[[Trypanosoma cruzi]] |
||
− | ** '''Coccidia''' (not a microbiologically-sound category) |
||
+ | |Chagas disease |
||
− | *** Blood and tissue |
||
+ | | |
||
− | **** ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]'' |
||
+ | |[[benznidazole]] or [[nifurtimox]] |
||
− | **** [[Sarcocystis species]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
− | *** Gut |
||
+ | |[[Trypanosoma brucei]] |
||
− | **** [[Cryptosporidium species]] |
||
+ | |African sleeping sickess |
||
− | **** ''[[Cyclospora cayetanensis]]'' |
||
+ | | |
||
− | **** ''[[Cystoisospora belli]]'' |
||
+ | |individualized |
||
− | **** [[Sarcocystis species]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
− | * '''Ciliates''': cilia |
||
+ | |[[Leishmania]] |
||
− | ** ''[[Balantidium coli]]'' |
||
+ | |leishmaniasis |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |individualized |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | rowspan="2" |intestinal flagellates |
||
+ | |[[Giardia lamblia]] |
||
+ | |giardiasis |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |[[tinidazole]] or [[metronidazole]] or [[nitazoxanide]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[Dientamoeba fragilis]] |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |[[paromomycin]] or [[iodoquinol]] or [[metronidazole]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |genitourinary flagellates |
||
+ | |[[Trichomonas vaginalis]] |
||
+ | |trichomoniasis |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |[[tinidazole]] or [[metronidazole]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ! colspan="5" |Apicomplexa |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | rowspan="3" |Haemosporida |
||
+ | |[[Plasmodium falciparum]] |
||
+ | |malaria |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |[[atovaquone-proguanil]] or [[artesunate]] if severe |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |Other [[Plasmodium]] |
||
+ | |malaria |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |[[quinine]] + [[doxycycline]] ± [[primaquine]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[Babesia]] |
||
+ | |babesiosis |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |[[atovaquone]] + [[azithromycin]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | rowspan="2" |blood and tissue coccidia |
||
+ | |[[Toxoplasma gondii]] |
||
+ | |toxoplasmosis |
||
+ | |eating undercooked meat or cat feces |
||
+ | |[[pyrimethamine]] + [[sulfadiazine]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[Sarcocystis]] |
||
+ | |sarcocystosis |
||
+ | |eating undercooked meat |
||
+ | |possibly [[albendazole]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | rowspan="4" |gut coccidia |
||
+ | |[[Cryptosporidium]] |
||
+ | |cryptosporidiosis |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |[[nitazoxanide]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[Cyclospora cayetanensis]] |
||
+ | |cyclosporiasis |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |[[TMP-SMX]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[Cystoisospora belli]] |
||
+ | |cystoisoporiasis |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |[[TMP-SMX]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |[[Sarcocystis]] |
||
+ | |sarcocystosis |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |possibly [[albendazole]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ! colspan="5" |Ciliates |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |gut ciliates |
||
+ | |[[Balantidium coli]] |
||
+ | |balantidiasis |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |[[tetracycline]] |
||
+ | |} |
||
+ | <br /> |
||
[[Category:Parasites]] |
[[Category:Parasites]] |
Latest revision as of 00:12, 28 January 2022
Group | Organism | Common Name | Exposure | Treatment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Amoebae | ||||
obligate amoebae | Entamoeba histolytica | amebic dysentery | iodoquinol or paramomycin or metronidazole or tinidazole | |
Blastocystis hominis | metronidazole or TMP-SMX or iodoquinol | |||
free-living amoebae | Naegleria fowleri | primary amebic meningoencephalitis | warm freshwater | combination therapy |
Balamuthia mandrillaris | granulomatous amebic encephalitis | warm freshwater | combination therapy | |
Acanthamoeba | granulomatous amebic encephalitis and amebic keratitis | warm freshwater | combination therapy | |
Flagellates | ||||
kinetoplastid flagellates | Trypanosoma cruzi | Chagas disease | benznidazole or nifurtimox | |
Trypanosoma brucei | African sleeping sickess | individualized | ||
Leishmania | leishmaniasis | individualized | ||
intestinal flagellates | Giardia lamblia | giardiasis | tinidazole or metronidazole or nitazoxanide | |
Dientamoeba fragilis | paromomycin or iodoquinol or metronidazole | |||
genitourinary flagellates | Trichomonas vaginalis | trichomoniasis | tinidazole or metronidazole | |
Apicomplexa | ||||
Haemosporida | Plasmodium falciparum | malaria | atovaquone-proguanil or artesunate if severe | |
Other Plasmodium | malaria | quinine + doxycycline ± primaquine | ||
Babesia | babesiosis | atovaquone + azithromycin | ||
blood and tissue coccidia | Toxoplasma gondii | toxoplasmosis | eating undercooked meat or cat feces | pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine |
Sarcocystis | sarcocystosis | eating undercooked meat | possibly albendazole | |
gut coccidia | Cryptosporidium | cryptosporidiosis | nitazoxanide | |
Cyclospora cayetanensis | cyclosporiasis | TMP-SMX | ||
Cystoisospora belli | cystoisoporiasis | TMP-SMX | ||
Sarcocystis | sarcocystosis | possibly albendazole | ||
Ciliates | ||||
gut ciliates | Balantidium coli | balantidiasis | tetracycline |