Intrinsic antibiotic resistance: Difference between revisions
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Latest revision as of 15:28, 18 February 2022
Background
- Inherent or innate antimicrobial resistance that is present in all or almost all wild-type isolates of a given species
Enterobacterales
| Organism | AMP | AMC | SAM | TIC | CFZ | FOX | CXM | IMI | TET | TGC | NIT | CST | AGs | AZM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter freundii | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | |||||||
| Citrobacter koseri | R | R | R | |||||||||||
| Enterobacter cloacae | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||
| Escherichia coli | R | |||||||||||||
| Hadnia alvei | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||
| Klebsiella aerogenes | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||
| Klebsiella oxytoca | R | R | R | |||||||||||
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | R | R | R | |||||||||||
| Morganella morganii | R | R | R | R | ± | R | R | R | R | |||||
| Proteus mirabilis | ± | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||
| Proteus vulgaris | R | R | R | ± | R | R | R | R | R | |||||
| Providencia rettgeri | R | R | R | ± | R | R | R | R | R | |||||
| Providencia stuartii | R | R | R | ± | R | R | R | R | ± | R | ||||
| Raoultella | R | R | R | |||||||||||
| Salmonella | ||||||||||||||
| Serratia marcescens | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | |||||
| Shigella | ||||||||||||||
| Yersinia enterocolitica | R | R | R | R | R |
- The Morganellaceae may have elevated MICs to imipenem, but should be reported as susceptible if susceptible in vitro
- Providencia stuartii is intrinsically resistant to gentamicin and tobramycin but not to amikacin
- No intrinsic resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, cefepime, aztreonam, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, piperacillin-tazobactam, and carbapenems
- All are intrinsically resistance to clindamycin, daptomycin, fusidic acid, vancomycin, lipoglycopeptides (vancins and planins), linezolid, tedizolid, quinupristin-dalfopristin, rifampin, macrolides (with the exception of Salmonella and Shigella with azithromycin)
Non-Enterobacterales
| Organism | AMP | PIP | TIC | SAM | AMC | TZP | CTX | CRO | CAZ | FEP | ATM | IMI | MEM | ETP | CST | AGs | TET/TGC | TMP | SXT | CHL | FOF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter baumannii | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||||||
| Burkholderia cepacia | R | R | R | R | R | ± | ± | ± | ± | ± | ± | R | R | ± | ± | R | |||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | |||||||||||
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ± | R | R |
- Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is intrinsically resistant to tetracycline but not to doxycycline, minocycline, or tigecycline
- Non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria are also intrinsically resistant to penicillin, first- and second-generation cephalosporins, cephamycins, clindamycin, daptomycin, daptomycin, fusidic acid, vancomycin, linezolid, macrolides, quinupristin-dalfopristin, and rifampin
Staphylococci
| NOVO | FOF | FA | AZT | CST | NAL | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Staphylococcus aureus | R | R | R | |||
| Staphylococcus lugdenensis | R | R | R | |||
| Staphylococcus epidermidis | R | R | R | |||
| Staphylococcus haemolyticus | R | R | R | |||
| Staphylococcus saprophyticus | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| Staphylococcus capitis | R | R | R | R | ||
| Staphylococcus cohnii | R | R | R | R | ||
| Staphylococcus xylosus | R | R | R | R |
Enterococcus
| Cephalosporins | VAN | TEC | AGs | CLI | Q-D | TMP | SXT | FA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enterococcus faecalis | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||
| Enterococcus faecium | R | R | R | R | R | R | |||
| Enterococcus gallinarum | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | |
| Enterococcus casseliflavus | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
- In vitro susceptibility but clinically ineffective: cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, clindamycin, and cotrimoxazole
Anaerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
| VAN | AGs | |
|---|---|---|
| Clostridium | R | |
| Clostridioides difficile | R | |
| Clostridium innocuum | R | R |
Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli
| AGs | PEN | AMP | FQs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacteroides | R | R | R | |
| Fusobacterium canifelinum | R | R |
Further Reading
- CLSI M100-ED30:2020 Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 30th Edition
