Intrinsic antibiotic resistance: Difference between revisions

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==Background==
== Enterobacterales ==

{| class="wikitable"
*Inherent or innate antimicrobial resistance that is present in all or almost all wild-type isolates of a given species

==Enterobacterales==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Organism
!Organism
!AMP
![[Ampicillin|AMP]]
![[Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid|AMC]]
!AMC
![[Ampicillin-sulbactam|SAM]]
!SAM
![[Ticarcillin|TIC]]
!TIC
!CFZ
![[Cefazolin|CFZ]]
!FOX
![[Cefoxitin|FOX]]
!CXM
![[Cefuroxime|CXM]]
!IMI
![[Imipenem|IMI]]
![[Tetracyclines|TET]]
!TET
![[Tigecycline|TGC]]
!TGC
![[Nitrofurantoin|NIT]]
!NIT
!CST
![[Colistin|CST]]
![[Aminoglycosides|AGs]]
!AGs
![[Azithromycin|AZM]]
|-
|-
|[[Citrobacter freundii]]
|[[Citrobacter freundii]]
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|
|
|
|
|R
|-
|-
|[[Citrobacter koseri]]
|[[Citrobacter koseri]]
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|
|
|
|R
|-
|-
|[[Enterobacter cloacae]]
|[[Enterobacter cloacae]]
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|
|
|R
|-
|-
|[[Escherichia coli]]
|[[Escherichia coli]]
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|
|
|
|R
|-
|-
|[[Hadnia alvei]]
|[[Hadnia alvei]]
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|
|
|
|R
|-
|-
|[[Klebsiella aerogenes]]
|[[Klebsiella aerogenes]]
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|
|
|
|R
|-
|[[Klebsiella oxytoca]]
|R
|
|
|R
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|R
|-
|-
|[[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]
|[[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]
[[Klebsiella oxytoca]]
|R
|R
|
|
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|
|
|R
|-
|-
|[[Morganella morganii]]
|[[Morganella morganii]]
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|R
|R
|r
|±
|
|
|R
|R
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|R
|R
|
|
|R
|-
|-
|[[Proteus mirabilis]]
|[[Proteus mirabilis]]
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|
|
|
|r
|±
|R
|R
|R
|R
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|R
|R
|
|
|R
|-
|-
|[[Proteus vulgaris]]
|[[Proteus vulgaris]]
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|
|R
|R
|r
|±
|R
|R
|R
|R
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|R
|R
|
|
|R
|-
|-
|[[Providencia rettgeri]]
|[[Providencia rettgeri]]
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|
|r
|±
|R
|R
|R
|R
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|R
|R
|
|
|R
|-
|-
|[[Providencia stuartii]]
|[[Providencia stuartii]]
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|
|r
|±
|R
|R
|R
|R
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|R
|R
|±
|±
|R
|-
|-
|[[Raoultella species]]
|[[Raoultella]]
|R
|R
|
|
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|
|
|R
|-
|-
|[[Salmonella species]]
|[[Salmonella]]
|
[[Shigella species]]
|
|
|
|
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|R
|R
|R
|R
|
|R
|-
|[[Shigella]]
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|R
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|}


*The [[Morganellaceae]] may have elevated MICs to [[imipenem]], but should be reported as susceptible if susceptible in vitro
== Non-Enterobacterales ==
*[[Providencia stuartii]] is intrinsically resistant to [[gentamicin]] and [[tobramycin]] but not to [[amikacin]]
{| class="wikitable"
*No intrinsic resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, [[cefepime]], [[aztreonam]], [[ticarcillin-clavulanic acid]], [[piperacillin-tazobactam]], and [[carbapenems]]
*All are intrinsically resistance to [[clindamycin]], [[daptomycin]], [[fusidic acid]], [[vancomycin]], [[lipoglycopeptides]] (vancins and planins), [[linezolid]], [[tedizolid]], [[quinupristin-dalfopristin]], [[rifampin]], [[macrolides]] (with the exception of [[Salmonella]] and [[Shigella]] with [[azithromycin]])

==Non-Enterobacterales==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Organism
!Organism
!AMP
![[Ampicillin|AMP]]
![[Piperacillin|PIP]]
!PIP
![[Ticarcillin|TIC]]
!TIC
![[Ampicillin-sulbactam|SAM]]
!SAM
![[Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid|AMC]]
!AMC
![[Piperacillin-tazobactam|TZP]]
!TZP
!CTX
![[Cefotaxime|CTX]]
![[Ceftriaxone|CRO]]
!CRO
![[Ceftazidime|CAZ]]
!CAZ
!FEP
![[Cefepime|FEP]]
!ATM
![[Aztreonam|ATM]]
!IMI
![[Imipenem|IMI]]
!MEM
![[Meropenem|MEM]]
!ETP
![[Ertapenem|ETP]]
!CST
![[Colistin|CST]]
![[Aminoglycosides|AGs]]
!AGs
![[Tetracycline|TET]]/[[Tigecycline|TGC]]
!TET/TGC
![[Trimethoprim|TMP]]
!TMP
![[Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole|SXT]]
!SXT
![[Chloramphenicol|CHL]]
!CHL
!FOF
![[Fosfomycin|FOF]]
|-
|-
|[[Acinetobacter baumannii]]
|[[Acinetobacter baumannii]]
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|
|
|R
|R
|TET
|±
|R
|R
|
|
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|R
|R
|}
|}

*[[Stenotrophomonas maltophilia]] is intrinsically resistant to [[tetracycline]] but not to [[doxycycline]], [[minocycline]], or [[tigecycline]]
*Non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria are also intrinsically resistant to [[penicillin]], first- and second-generation cephalosporins, [[cephamycins]], [[clindamycin]], [[daptomycin]], [[daptomycin]], [[fusidic acid]], [[vancomycin]], [[linezolid]], [[macrolides]], [[quinupristin-dalfopristin]], and [[rifampin]]

==Staphylococci==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!
![[Novobiocin|NOVO]]
![[Fosfomycin|FOF]]
![[Fusidic acid|FA]]
![[Aztreonam|AZT]]
![[Colistin|CST]]
![[Nalidixic acid|NAL]]
|-
|[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
|
|
|
|R
|R
|R
|-
|[[Staphylococcus lugdenensis]]
|
|
|
|R
|R
|R
|-
|[[Staphylococcus epidermidis]]
|
|
|
|R
|R
|R
|-
|[[Staphylococcus haemolyticus]]
|
|
|
|R
|R
|R
|-
|[[Staphylococcus saprophyticus]]
|R
|R
|R
|R
|R
|R
|-
|[[Staphylococcus capitis]]
|
|R
|
|R
|R
|R
|-
|[[Staphylococcus cohnii]]
|R
|
|
|R
|R
|R
|-
|[[Staphylococcus xylosus]]
|R
|
|
|R
|R
|R
|}

==Enterococcus==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!
!Cephalosporins
![[Vancomycin|VAN]]
![[Teicoplanin|TEC]]
![[Aminoglycosides|AGs]]
![[Clindamycin|CLI]]
![[Quinupristin-dalfopristin|Q-D]]
![[Trimethoprim|TMP]]
![[Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole|SXT]]
![[Fusidic acid|FA]]
|-
|[[Enterococcus faecalis]]
|R
|
|
|R
|R
|R
|R
|R
|R
|-
|[[Enterococcus faecium]]
|R
|
|
|R
|R
|
|R
|R
|R
|-
|[[Enterococcus gallinarum]]
|R
|R
|
|R
|R
|R
|R
|R
|R
|-
|[[Enterococcus casseliflavus]]
|R
|R
|
|R
|R
|R
|R
|R
|R
|}

*In vitro susceptibility but clinically ineffective: cephalosporins, [[aminoglycosides]], [[clindamycin]], and [[cotrimoxazole]]

==Anaerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!
![[Vancomycin|VAN]]
![[Aminoglycosides|AGs]]
|-
|[[Clostridium]]
|
|R
|-
|[[Clostridioides difficile]]
|
|R
|-
|[[Clostridium innocuum]]
|R
|R
|}

==Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!
![[Aminoglycosides|AGs]]
![[Penicillin|PEN]]
![[Ampicillin|AMP]]
![[Fluoroquinolones|FQs]]
|-
|[[Bacteroides]]
|R
|R
|R
|
|-
|[[Fusobacterium canifelinum]]
|R
|
|
|R
|}

==Further Reading==

*CLSI M100-ED30:2020 Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 30th Edition

[[Category:Antibiotics]]
[[Category:Antibiotics]]

Latest revision as of 15:28, 18 February 2022

Background

  • Inherent or innate antimicrobial resistance that is present in all or almost all wild-type isolates of a given species

Enterobacterales

Organism AMP AMC SAM TIC CFZ FOX CXM IMI TET TGC NIT CST AGs AZM
Citrobacter freundii R R R R R R R
Citrobacter koseri R R R
Enterobacter cloacae R R R R R R
Escherichia coli R
Hadnia alvei R R R R R R
Klebsiella aerogenes R R R R R R
Klebsiella oxytoca R R R
Klebsiella pneumoniae R R R
Morganella morganii R R R R ± R R R R
Proteus mirabilis ± R R R R R
Proteus vulgaris R R R ± R R R R R
Providencia rettgeri R R R ± R R R R R
Providencia stuartii R R R ± R R R R ± R
Raoultella R R R
Salmonella
Serratia marcescens R R R R R R R R R
Shigella
Yersinia enterocolitica R R R R R

Non-Enterobacterales

Organism AMP PIP TIC SAM AMC TZP CTX CRO CAZ FEP ATM IMI MEM ETP CST AGs TET/TGC TMP SXT CHL FOF
Acinetobacter baumannii R R R R R R R
Burkholderia cepacia R R R R R ± ± ± ± ± ± R R ± ± R
Pseudomonas aeruginosa R R R R R R R R R R
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia R R R R R R R R R R R R R ± R R

Staphylococci

NOVO FOF FA AZT CST NAL
Staphylococcus aureus R R R
Staphylococcus lugdenensis R R R
Staphylococcus epidermidis R R R
Staphylococcus haemolyticus R R R
Staphylococcus saprophyticus R R R R R R
Staphylococcus capitis R R R R
Staphylococcus cohnii R R R R
Staphylococcus xylosus R R R R

Enterococcus

Cephalosporins VAN TEC AGs CLI Q-D TMP SXT FA
Enterococcus faecalis R R R R R R R
Enterococcus faecium R R R R R R
Enterococcus gallinarum R R R R R R R R
Enterococcus casseliflavus R R R R R R R R

Anaerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

VAN AGs
Clostridium R
Clostridioides difficile R
Clostridium innocuum R R

Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli

AGs PEN AMP FQs
Bacteroides R R R
Fusobacterium canifelinum R R

Further Reading

  • CLSI M100-ED30:2020 Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 30th Edition
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