| Disease
|
Clinical Clues
|
| Primary
|
| Thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura
|
PT/INR and PTT are normal
|
| Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
|
PT/INR and PTT are normal, severe AKI
|
| Atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome
|
PT/INR and PTT are normal, severe AKI
|
| HELLP syndrome
|
pregnancy
|
| Secondary
|
| Autoimmune disease, including systemic lupus erythematosus or antiphospholid antibody syndrome
|
|
| Drug-induced thrombotic microangiopathy
|
including quinine, ticlopidine, and chemotherapy (mitomycin, gemcitabine, cyclosporine, and tacrolimus, though it may also be caused by the underlying condition
|
| Sepsis
|
|
| Secondary hemolytic-uremic syndrome
|
most commonly from Streptococcus pneumoniae or influenza
|
| DIC
|
PT/INR and PTT are prolonged
|
| Malignancy
|
|
| HIV
|
|
