Helminths

• Platyhelminths (flatworms)
  • Trematodes (flukes): non-segmented
    • Lung: Paragonimus species
    • Liver
      • Fasciola hepatica (common liver fluke or sheep liver fluke)
      • Opisthorchis viverrini (Southeast Asian liver fluke)
      • Clonorchis sinensis (Chinese liver fluke)
      • Metorchis conjunctus (Canadian liver fluke)
      • Dicrocoelium dendriticum (lancet liver fluke)
    • Intestinal
      • Echinostoma revolutum
      • Fasciolopsis buskii
      • Metagonimus species
      • Heterophyes heterophyes
    • Blood: Schistosoma species
      • Schistosoma haematobium
      • Schistosoma mansoni
  • Cestodes (tapeworms): segmented
    • Pseudophyllideans
      • Diphyllobothrium latum
      • Spirometra species
      • Sparganum species
    • Cyclophyllideans
      • Intestinal
        • Taenia solium (pork tapeworm)
        • Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm)
        • Hymenolepis nana (dwarf tapeworm)
        • Hymenolepis diminuta
        • Dipylidium caninum
      • Tissue
        • Echinococcus granulosus (hydatid worm)
        • Echinococcus multilocularis (alveolar hydatid disease)
        • Larvareal Taenia solium (cysticercosis)
        • Taenia multiceps and Taenia serialis (multiceps serialis))
• Nematodes (roundworms)
  • Filarial roundworms
    • Onchocerca volvulus (river blindness)
    • Loa loa (eye worm)
    • Wuchereria bancrofti (lymphatic filariasis)
      • Brugia malayi and Brugia timori (lymphatic filariasis)
    • Mansonella perstans, Mansonella streptocerca, and Mansonella ozzardi
  • Non-filarial roundworms
    • Intestinal
      • Ascaris lumbricoides (great roundworm)
      • Necator americanus (New World hookworm)
      • Ancylostoma duodenale (Old World hookworm)
      • Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm)
      • Trichuris trichuria (whipworm)
      • Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
      • Capillaria species
      • Trichostrongylus species
      • Anisakis species
    • Tissue
      • Trichinella spiralis (pork worm)
      • Ancylostoma braziliense, Ancylostoma caninum, and other spp. (cutaneous larva migrans, creeping eruption)
      • Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm)
      • Toxocara canis and Toxocara cani (visceral larva migrans)
      • Angiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lungworm)
      • Gnathostoma species
      • Baylisascaris procyonis (raccoon roundworm)
      • Dioctophyme renale (giant kidney worm))

Investigations

• Eosinophilia seen in tissue-invasive worms, not in those that live in the gut or in cystic structures