Helminths: Difference between revisions
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+ | {| class="wikitable" |
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− | * '''Flatworms''' (platyhelminths) |
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+ | !Group |
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− | ** '''Flukes''' (trematodes) |
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+ | !Species |
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− | *** ''[[Schistosoma]]'' spp. (blood flukes) |
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+ | !Common Name |
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− | *** ''[[Clonorchis]]'' (liver fluke) |
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+ | !Exposure |
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− | *** ''[[Paragonimus]]'' (lung fluke) |
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+ | !Treatment |
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− | *** ''[[Fasciola hepatica]]'' (intestinal fluke) |
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+ | |- |
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− | ** '''Tapeworms''' (cestodes) |
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+ | ! colspan="5" |Platyhelminths: [[trematodes]] (flukes) |
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− | *** Intestinal tapeworms |
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+ | |- |
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− | **** ''[[Taenia solium]]'' (pork tapeworm) |
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+ | |lung flukes |
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− | **** ''[[Taenia saginata]]'' (beef tapeworm) |
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+ | |[[Paragonimus]] |
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− | **** ''[[Hymenolepis nana]]'' (dwarf tapeworm) |
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+ | |lung fluke |
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− | **** ''[[Diphyllobothrium latum]]'' (fish tapeworm) |
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+ | |seafood, especially crayfish or crab in Southeast Asia |
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− | *** Larval tapeworms |
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+ | |[[praziquantel]] |
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− | **** ''[[Echinococcus granulosus]]'' (hydatid worm) |
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+ | |- |
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− | **** ''[[Echinococcus multilocularis]]'' (alveolar hydatid disease) |
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+ | | rowspan="3" |liver flukes |
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− | **** Cysticercus (larvareal ''[[Taenia solium]]'') |
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+ | |[[Fasciola hepatica]] |
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− | * '''Roundworms''' (nematodes) |
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+ | |common or sheep liver fluke |
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− | ** Filarial roundworms |
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+ | |underwater vegetation, especially watercress, near sheep-rearing in South America, Europe, and Middle East |
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− | *** ''[[Onchocerca volvulus]]'' (river blindness) |
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+ | |[[triclabendazole]] |
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− | *** ''[[Loa loa]]'' (eye worm) |
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+ | |- |
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− | *** ''[[Wucheria bancrofti]]'' (lymphatic filariasis) |
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+ | |[[Opisthorchis viverrini]] |
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− | *** ''[[Dracunculus medinensis]]'' (Guinea worm) |
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+ | |Southeast Asian liver fluke |
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− | *** ''[[Mansonella perstans]]'' |
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+ | |freshwater fish in Southeast Asia |
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− | ** Non-filarial roundworms |
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+ | |[[praziquantel]] or [[albendazole]] |
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− | *** Intestinal roundworms |
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+ | |- |
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− | **** ''[[Ascaris lumbricoides]]'' (great roundworm) |
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+ | |[[Clonorchis sinensis]] |
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− | **** ''[[Necator americanus]]'' (New World hookworm) |
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+ | |Chinese liver fluke |
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− | **** ''[[Ancylostoma duodenale]]'' (Old World hookworm) |
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+ | |fish in Southeast Asia and eastern Russia |
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− | **** ''[[Strongyloides stercoralis]]'' (threadworm) |
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+ | |[[praziquantel]] or [[albendazole]] |
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− | **** ''[[Trichuris trichuria]]'' (whipworm) |
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+ | |- |
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− | **** ''[[Enterobius vermicularis]]'' (pinworm) |
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+ | | rowspan="3" |intestinal flukes |
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− | *** Tissue roundworms |
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+ | |[[Fasciolopsis buskii]] |
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− | **** ''[[Trichinella spiralis]]'' (pork worm) |
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+ | | |
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− | **** ''[[Ancylostoma braziliense]]'' and other spp. ([[cutaneous larva migrans]], creeping eruption) |
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+ | |water vegetables, especially watercress, bamboo, and water chestnuts in China, India, Thailand, and Bangladesh; pig reservoir |
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− | **** ''[[Toxocara canis]]'' and ''[[Toxocara cani]]'' ([[visceral larva migrans]]) |
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+ | |[[praziquantel]] |
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− | **** ''[[Baylisascaris procyonis]]'' |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Metagonimus]] |
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+ | | |
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+ | |fish in Middle and Far East |
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+ | |[[praziquantel]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Heterophyes heterophyes]] |
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+ | | |
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+ | |eating undercooked fresh/brackish water fish in Egypt and Middle and Far East |
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+ | |[[praziquantel]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | rowspan="2" |blood flukes |
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+ | |[[Schistosoma haematobium]] |
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+ | |blood fluke |
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+ | |freshwater in Africa and the Middle East |
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+ | |[[praziquantel]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Schistosoma mansoni]] |
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+ | |blood fluke |
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+ | |freshwater in Africa, the Middle East, and South America |
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+ | |[[praziquantel]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | ! colspan="5" |Platyhelminths: [[cestodes]] (tapeworms) |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |pseudophyllideans |
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+ | |[[Diphyllobothrium latum]] |
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+ | |fish tapeworm |
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+ | |undercooked/smoked/pickled fish in Scandinavia, Siberia, Russia, Japan, Chile, and Uganda |
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+ | |[[praziquantel]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | rowspan="3" |intestinal cyclophyllideans |
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+ | |[[Taenia solium]] |
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+ | |pork tapeworm |
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+ | |eating undercooked pork |
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+ | | |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Taenia saginata]] |
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+ | |beef tapeworm |
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+ | |eating undercooked beef |
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+ | | |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Hymenolepis nana]] |
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+ | |dwarf tapeworm |
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+ | | |
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+ | |[[praziquantel]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | rowspan="3" |tissue cyclophyllideans |
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+ | |[[Echinococcus granulosus]] |
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+ | |hydatid worm |
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+ | | |
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+ | |[[albendazole]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Echinococcus multilocularis]] |
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+ | |alveolar hydatid disease |
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+ | | |
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+ | |[[albendazole]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Taenia solium]] |
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+ | |cysticercosis |
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+ | |eating soil contaminated with pig or human feces |
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+ | |[[albendazole]] or [[praziquantel]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | ! colspan="5" |[[Nematodes]] (roundworms) |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | rowspan="8" |filarial roundworms |
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+ | |[[Onchocerca volvulus]] |
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+ | |river blindness |
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+ | | |
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+ | |[[ivermectin]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Loa loa]] |
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+ | |eye worm |
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+ | | |
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+ | |[[diethylcarbamazine]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Wuchereria bancrofti]] |
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+ | |lymphatic filariasis |
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+ | | |
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+ | |[[diethylcarbamazine]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Brugia malayi]] |
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+ | |lymphatic filariasis |
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+ | | |
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+ | |[[diethylcarbamazine]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Brugia timori]] |
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+ | |lymphatic filariasis |
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+ | | |
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+ | |[[diethylcarbamazine]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Mansonella perstans]] |
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+ | | |
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+ | | |
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+ | |maybe [[doxycycline]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Mansonella streptocerca]] |
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+ | | |
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+ | | |
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+ | |maybe [[doxycycline]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Mansonella ozzardi]] |
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+ | | |
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+ | | |
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+ | |maybe [[doxycycline]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | rowspan="10" |intestinal roundworms |
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+ | |[[Ascaris lumbricoides]] |
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+ | |great roundworm |
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+ | | |
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+ | |[[albendazole]] or [[mebendazole]] or [[ivermectin]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Necator americanus]] |
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+ | |New World hookworm |
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+ | | |
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+ | |[[albendazole]] or [[mebendazole]] or [[pyrantel pamoate]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Ancylostoma duodenale]] |
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+ | |Old World hookworm |
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+ | | |
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+ | |[[albendazole]] or [[mebendazole]] or [[pyrantel pamoate]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Strongyloides stercoralis]] |
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+ | |threadworm |
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+ | |immunosuppression in a person who has ever spent time on a tropical beach |
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+ | |[[ivermectin]] ± [[albendazole]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Trichuris trichiura]] |
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+ | |whipworm |
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+ | | |
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+ | |[[albendazole]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Enterobius vermicularis]] |
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+ | |pinworm |
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+ | | |
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+ | |[[albendazole]] or [[mebendazole]] or [[pyrantel pamoate]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Capillaria]] |
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+ | | |
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+ | | |
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+ | |[[mebendazole]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Trichostrongylus]] |
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+ | | |
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+ | | |
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+ | |[[pyrantel pamoate]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Anisakis]] |
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+ | |anisakidosis |
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+ | | |
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+ | |endoscopic removal |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Gongylonema]] |
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+ | |gullet worm |
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+ | |ingestion of food or water contaminated by sheep or pig feves |
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+ | |surgical removal or [[albendazole]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | rowspan="8" |tissue-invasive roundworms |
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+ | |[[Trichinella spiralis]] |
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+ | |pork worm |
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+ | |eating undercooked pig, boar, or bear meat |
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+ | |[[albendazole]] plus steroids |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Anyclostoma braziliense]] |
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+ | |cutaneous larva migrans |
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+ | | |
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+ | |[[albendazole]] or [[ivermectin]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Ancylostoma caninum]] |
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+ | |eosinophilic enterocolitis |
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+ | | |
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+ | |[[albendazole]] or [[mebendazole]] or endoscopic removal |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Dracunculus medinensis]] |
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+ | |Guinea worm |
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+ | | |
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+ | |none |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Toxocara]] |
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+ | |[[visceral larva migrans]] |
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+ | | |
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+ | |[[albendazole]] or [[mebendazole]] |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Angiostrongylus cantonensis]] |
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+ | |rat lungworm |
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+ | | |
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+ | |controversial |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Gnathostoma]] |
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+ | | |
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+ | | |
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+ | |[[albendazole]] or [[ivermectin]] ± surgical removal |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |[[Baylisascaris procyonis]] |
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+ | |raccoon roundworm |
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+ | | |
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+ | |[[albendazole]] + steroids |
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+ | |} |
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− | == |
+ | ==Investigations== |
− | * Eosinophilia seen in tissue-invasive worms, not in those that live in the gut or in cystic structures |
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+ | *[[Eosinophilia]] seen in tissue-invasive worms, not in those that live in the gut or in cystic structures |
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− | [[Category:Helminths]] |
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+ | |||
+ | [[Category:Parasites]] |
Latest revision as of 22:48, 7 February 2022
Group | Species | Common Name | Exposure | Treatment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Platyhelminths: trematodes (flukes) | ||||
lung flukes | Paragonimus | lung fluke | seafood, especially crayfish or crab in Southeast Asia | praziquantel |
liver flukes | Fasciola hepatica | common or sheep liver fluke | underwater vegetation, especially watercress, near sheep-rearing in South America, Europe, and Middle East | triclabendazole |
Opisthorchis viverrini | Southeast Asian liver fluke | freshwater fish in Southeast Asia | praziquantel or albendazole | |
Clonorchis sinensis | Chinese liver fluke | fish in Southeast Asia and eastern Russia | praziquantel or albendazole | |
intestinal flukes | Fasciolopsis buskii | water vegetables, especially watercress, bamboo, and water chestnuts in China, India, Thailand, and Bangladesh; pig reservoir | praziquantel | |
Metagonimus | fish in Middle and Far East | praziquantel | ||
Heterophyes heterophyes | eating undercooked fresh/brackish water fish in Egypt and Middle and Far East | praziquantel | ||
blood flukes | Schistosoma haematobium | blood fluke | freshwater in Africa and the Middle East | praziquantel |
Schistosoma mansoni | blood fluke | freshwater in Africa, the Middle East, and South America | praziquantel | |
Platyhelminths: cestodes (tapeworms) | ||||
pseudophyllideans | Diphyllobothrium latum | fish tapeworm | undercooked/smoked/pickled fish in Scandinavia, Siberia, Russia, Japan, Chile, and Uganda | praziquantel |
intestinal cyclophyllideans | Taenia solium | pork tapeworm | eating undercooked pork | |
Taenia saginata | beef tapeworm | eating undercooked beef | ||
Hymenolepis nana | dwarf tapeworm | praziquantel | ||
tissue cyclophyllideans | Echinococcus granulosus | hydatid worm | albendazole | |
Echinococcus multilocularis | alveolar hydatid disease | albendazole | ||
Taenia solium | cysticercosis | eating soil contaminated with pig or human feces | albendazole or praziquantel | |
Nematodes (roundworms) | ||||
filarial roundworms | Onchocerca volvulus | river blindness | ivermectin | |
Loa loa | eye worm | diethylcarbamazine | ||
Wuchereria bancrofti | lymphatic filariasis | diethylcarbamazine | ||
Brugia malayi | lymphatic filariasis | diethylcarbamazine | ||
Brugia timori | lymphatic filariasis | diethylcarbamazine | ||
Mansonella perstans | maybe doxycycline | |||
Mansonella streptocerca | maybe doxycycline | |||
Mansonella ozzardi | maybe doxycycline | |||
intestinal roundworms | Ascaris lumbricoides | great roundworm | albendazole or mebendazole or ivermectin | |
Necator americanus | New World hookworm | albendazole or mebendazole or pyrantel pamoate | ||
Ancylostoma duodenale | Old World hookworm | albendazole or mebendazole or pyrantel pamoate | ||
Strongyloides stercoralis | threadworm | immunosuppression in a person who has ever spent time on a tropical beach | ivermectin ± albendazole | |
Trichuris trichiura | whipworm | albendazole | ||
Enterobius vermicularis | pinworm | albendazole or mebendazole or pyrantel pamoate | ||
Capillaria | mebendazole | |||
Trichostrongylus | pyrantel pamoate | |||
Anisakis | anisakidosis | endoscopic removal | ||
Gongylonema | gullet worm | ingestion of food or water contaminated by sheep or pig feves | surgical removal or albendazole | |
tissue-invasive roundworms | Trichinella spiralis | pork worm | eating undercooked pig, boar, or bear meat | albendazole plus steroids |
Anyclostoma braziliense | cutaneous larva migrans | albendazole or ivermectin | ||
Ancylostoma caninum | eosinophilic enterocolitis | albendazole or mebendazole or endoscopic removal | ||
Dracunculus medinensis | Guinea worm | none | ||
Toxocara | visceral larva migrans | albendazole or mebendazole | ||
Angiostrongylus cantonensis | rat lungworm | controversial | ||
Gnathostoma | albendazole or ivermectin ± surgical removal | |||
Baylisascaris procyonis | raccoon roundworm | albendazole + steroids |
Investigations
- Eosinophilia seen in tissue-invasive worms, not in those that live in the gut or in cystic structures