Trematodes
From IDWiki
Background
Microbiology
- Trematodes (flukes) are platyhelminths
- All have an intermediate snail host, and most have a second intermediate host before reaching humans via ingestion of the intermediate
| Organism | First intermediate | Second intermediate | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blood flukes | |||
| Schistosoma haematobium | Bulinus | none; penetrates skin | Africa and the Middle East |
| Schistosoma intercalatum | Bulinus | Central and West Africa | |
| Schistosoma japonicum | Oncomelania | Asia | |
| Schistosoma mansoni | Biomphalaria | Africa, the Middle East, and South America | |
| Schistosoma mekongi | Neotricula | Southeast Asia | |
| Intestinal flukes | |||
| Echinostoma ilocanum | snails and fish | Middle and Far East | |
| Fasciolopsis buski | water vegetables, especially watercress, bamboo, and water chestnuts | China, Thailand, India, Bangladesh, with pig reservoir | |
| Heterphyes heterophyes | fresh-/brackish-water fish | Middle and Far East | |
| Metagonimus yokogawai | fish | Middle and Far East | |
| Liver flukes | |||
| Clonorchis sinensis (Chinese liver fluke) | fish | China, South Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and eastern Russia; common | |
| Dicrocoelium dendriticum (lancet liver fluke) | |||
| Fasciola gigantica | underwater vegetation | Africa, Hawaii, western Pacific, Southeast Asia | |
| Fasciola hepatica (sheep liver fluke) | Lymnaea | underwater vegetation, especially watercress | Bolivia and Peru, but also Europe, South America, and Middle East, near sheep rearing areas |
| Metorchis conjunctus (Canadian liver fluke) | |||
| Opisthorchis felineus | Western Europe and Siberia | ||
| Opisthorchis viverrini (Southeast Asian liver fluke) | freshwater fish | Southeast Asia | |
| Lung flukes | |||
| Paragonimus westermani | Semisulcospira | seafood, especially crayfish or crab | China, Japan, Korea, the Philippines, and Thailand |
