| Organism
|
First intermediate
|
Second intermediate
|
Distribution
|
| Blood flukes
|
| Schistosoma haematobium
|
Bulinus species
|
none; penetrates skin
|
Africa and the Middle East
|
| Schistosoma intercalatum
|
Bulinus species
|
Central and West Africa
|
| Schistosoma japonicum
|
Oncomelania species
|
Asia
|
| Schistosoma mansoni
|
Biomphalaria species
|
Africa, the Middle East, and South America
|
| Schistosoma mekongi
|
Neotricula species
|
Southeast Asia
|
| Intestinal flukes
|
| Echinostoma ilocanum
|
|
snails and fish
|
Middle and Far East
|
| Fasciolopsis buski
|
|
water vegetables, especially watercress, bamboo, and water chestnuts
|
China, Thailand, India, Bangladesh, with pig reservoir
|
| Heterphyes heterophyes
|
|
fresh-/brackish-water fish
|
Middle and Far East
|
| Metagonimus yokogawai
|
|
fish
|
Middle and Far East
|
| Liver flukes
|
| Clonorchis sinensis (Chinese liver fluke)
|
|
fish
|
China, South Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and eastern Russia; common
|
| Dicrocoelium dendriticum (lancet liver fluke)
|
|
|
|
| Fasciola gigantica
|
|
underwater vegetation
|
Africa, Hawaii, western Pacific, Southeast Asia
|
| Fasciola hepatica (sheep liver fluke)
|
Lymnaea species
|
underwater vegetation, especially watercress
|
Bolivia and Peru, but also Europe, South America, and Middle East, near sheep rearing areas
|
| Metorchis conjunctus (Canadian liver fluke)
|
|
|
|
| Opisthorchis felineus
|
|
|
Western Europe and Siberia
|
| Opisthorchis viverrini (Southeast Asian liver fluke)
|
|
freshwater fish
|
Southeast Asia
|
| Lung flukes
|
| Paragonimus westermani
|
Semisulcospira species
|
seafood, especially crayfish or crab
|
China, Japan, Korea, the Philippines, and Thailand
|
