Malaria chemoprophylaxis: Difference between revisions
From IDWiki
(Created page with "* Chemoprophylaxis is recommended for travelers to endemic areas * Agent chosen based on the local drug-resistance, patient age, and pregnancy status = Choice of Chemoprophyl...") |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 2: | Line 2: | ||
* Agent chosen based on the local drug-resistance, patient age, and pregnancy status |
* Agent chosen based on the local drug-resistance, patient age, and pregnancy status |
||
= Choice of Chemoprophylaxis = |
== Choice of Chemoprophylaxis == |
||
== Chloroquine-sensitive regions == |
=== Chloroquine-sensitive regions === |
||
* Regions include Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Central America north of the Panama Canal, parts of Mexico, parts of South America, north Africa, parts of the Middle East, and west/central China |
* Regions include Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Central America north of the Panama Canal, parts of Mexico, parts of South America, north Africa, parts of the Middle East, and west/central China |
||
** See [https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/travel-health/about-catmat/appendix-malaria-risk-recommended-chemoprophylaxis-geographic.html#tbl1 the CATMAT list] for specific countries |
** See [https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/travel-health/about-catmat/appendix-malaria-risk-recommended-chemoprophylaxis-geographic.html#tbl1 the CATMAT list] for specific countries |
||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
** Alternatives: [[atovaquone-proguanil]], [[doxycycline]], or [[mefloquine]] |
** Alternatives: [[atovaquone-proguanil]], [[doxycycline]], or [[mefloquine]] |
||
== Chloroquine-resistant regions == |
=== Chloroquine-resistant regions === |
||
* Regions include most of sub-Saharan Africa, South America, Oceania and Asia |
* Regions include most of sub-Saharan Africa, South America, Oceania and Asia |
||
** See [https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/travel-health/about-catmat/appendix-malaria-risk-recommended-chemoprophylaxis-geographic.html#tbl1 the CATMAT list] for specific countries |
** See [https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/travel-health/about-catmat/appendix-malaria-risk-recommended-chemoprophylaxis-geographic.html#tbl1 the CATMAT list] for specific countries |
||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
** Alternatives: [[Primaquine]] (contraindicated in G6PD deficiency and pregnancy) |
** Alternatives: [[Primaquine]] (contraindicated in G6PD deficiency and pregnancy) |
||
== Chloroquine-and mefloquine-resistant regions == |
=== Chloroquine-and mefloquine-resistant regions === |
||
* Regions include Asia, Africa and the Amazon basin, specifically in rural, wooded regions on the Thai borders with Myanmar, Cambodia, and Laos, as well as in southern Vietnam |
* Regions include Asia, Africa and the Amazon basin, specifically in rural, wooded regions on the Thai borders with Myanmar, Cambodia, and Laos, as well as in southern Vietnam |
||
* Drugs of choice |
* Drugs of choice |
||
| Line 27: | Line 27: | ||
** No approved drugs for pregnancy or children less than 5 kg, though [[atovaquone-proguanil]] may be considered after the first trimester |
** No approved drugs for pregnancy or children less than 5 kg, though [[atovaquone-proguanil]] may be considered after the first trimester |
||
== Pregnancy == |
=== Pregnancy === |
||
* [[Mefloquine]] can be used, if they cannot avoid travelling to malaria-endemic areas |
* [[Mefloquine]] can be used, if they cannot avoid travelling to malaria-endemic areas |
||
** Can cause neuropsychiatric symptoms |
** Can cause neuropsychiatric symptoms |
||
* [[Atovaquone-proguanil]] may be considered after the first trimester |
* [[Atovaquone-proguanil]] may be considered after the first trimester |
||
== Medications == |
|||
= Medication Doses = |
|||
* Note that the medications that require 4 weeks after end of exposure are extended in this way because they do not treat the liver stage |
* Note that the medications that require 4 weeks after end of exposure are extended in this way because they do not treat the liver stage |
||
Revision as of 22:06, 31 January 2020
- Chemoprophylaxis is recommended for travelers to endemic areas
- Agent chosen based on the local drug-resistance, patient age, and pregnancy status
Choice of Chemoprophylaxis
Chloroquine-sensitive regions
- Regions include Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Central America north of the Panama Canal, parts of Mexico, parts of South America, north Africa, parts of the Middle East, and west/central China
- See the CATMAT list for specific countries
- Drugs of choice
- Chloroquine (Aralen) preferred, though hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) is also acceptable
- Alternatives: atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine
Chloroquine-resistant regions
- Regions include most of sub-Saharan Africa, South America, Oceania and Asia
- See the CATMAT list for specific countries
- Some areas of Thailand, Myanmar (Burma), Laos and Cambodia, and southern Vietnam are both chloroquine-resistant and mefloquine-resistant
- Drugs of choice
- Atovaquone-proguanil
- Doxycycline
- Mefloquine
- Alternatives: Primaquine (contraindicated in G6PD deficiency and pregnancy)
Chloroquine-and mefloquine-resistant regions
- Regions include Asia, Africa and the Amazon basin, specifically in rural, wooded regions on the Thai borders with Myanmar, Cambodia, and Laos, as well as in southern Vietnam
- Drugs of choice
- Atovaquone-proguanil
- Doxycycline
- No approved drugs for pregnancy or children less than 5 kg, though atovaquone-proguanil may be considered after the first trimester
Pregnancy
- Mefloquine can be used, if they cannot avoid travelling to malaria-endemic areas
- Can cause neuropsychiatric symptoms
- Atovaquone-proguanil may be considered after the first trimester
Medications
- Note that the medications that require 4 weeks after end of exposure are extended in this way because they do not treat the liver stage
| Medication | Dose | Duration |
|---|---|---|
| Atovaquone-proguanil | 250 mg-100 mg po daily | 1 day before to 1 week after |
| Doxycycline | 100 mg po daily | 1 day before to 4 weeks after |
| Mefloquine | 250 mg po weekly | 1-3 weeks before to 4 weeks after |
| Primaquine | 30 mg base po daily | 1 day before to 7 days after |
| Chloroquine | 300 mg po weekly | 1 week before to 4 weeks after |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 310 mg base po weekly | 1 week before to 4 weeks after |
