Chromobacterium violaceum: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 02:48, 8 February 2022

Background

Microbiology

Gram-negative bacterium
Colonies are deep purple to black due to the presence of the violacein pigment
Found in water

Epidemiology

Mostly tropical or subtropical areas, especially southeast Asia
Also in southeast US, most commonly Florida
CGD is a risk factor for opportunistic infection, as is G6PD deficiency

Clinical Manifestations

Causes wound infections following contaminated water exposure
Always with systemic features, including fever (100%) and sepsis (82%)
Often bacteremia (60%) and can involve visceral organs (51%), especially lung and liver
High mortality (53%)

Differential Diagnosis

Includes other causes of skin and soft tissue infection after water exposure
Common bugs: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, other streptococci, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and polymicrobial infections
Uniquely marine bacteria: Aeromonas, Vibrio vulnificus, Shewanella, Edwardsiella, Chromobacterium
Others: Burkholderia pseudomallei, non-tuberculous mycobacteria, and some fungi

Management

Fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol, tetracyline, TMP-SMX, imipenem, gentamicin

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+==Background==
-= Microbiology =
+===Microbiology===
-* Gram-negative bacterium
+*Gram-negative bacterium
-* Colonies are deep purple to black due to the presence of the violacein pigment
+*Colonies are deep purple to black due to the presence of the violacein pigment
-* Found in water
+*Found in water
-= Epidemiology =
+===Epidemiology===
-* Mostly tropical or subtropical areas, especially southeast Asia
+*Mostly tropical or subtropical areas, especially southeast Asia
-* Also in southeast US, most commonly Florida
+*Also in southeast US, most commonly Florida
-* CGD is a risk factor for opportunistic infection, as is G6PD deficiency
+*[[CGD]] is a risk factor for opportunistic infection, as is [[G6PD deficiency]]
-= Clinical Presentation =
+==Clinical Manifestations==
-* Causes wound infections following contaminated water exposure
+*Causes wound infections following contaminated water exposure
-* Always with systemic features, including fever (100%) and sepsis (82%)
+*Always with systemic features, including [[Causes::fever]] (100%) and [[Causes::sepsis]] (82%)
-* Often bacteremic (60%) and can involve visceral organs (51%), especially lung and liver
+*Often [[Causes::bacteremia]] (60%) and can involve visceral organs (51%), especially lung and liver
-* High mortality (53%)
+*High mortality (53%)
-= Differential Diagnosis for SSTI After Water Exposure =
+==Differential Diagnosis==
+*Includes other causes of skin and soft tissue infection after water exposure
-* Common bugs: ''Staph'', ''Strep'', polymicrobial, ''Klebsiella'', ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', ''E. coli''
+*Common bugs: [[Staphylococcus aureus]], [[Streptococcus pyogenes]], other [[streptococci]], [[Klebsiella]], [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]], [[Escherichia coli]], and polymicrobial infections
-* Uniquely marine bacteria: ''Aeromonas'', ''Vibrio'', ''Shewanella'', ''Edwardsiella'', ''Chromobacterium''
+*Uniquely marine bacteria: [[Aeromonas]], [[Vibrio vulnificus]], [[Shewanella]], [[Edwardsiella]], [[Chromobacterium]]
-* Others: ''Burkholderia pseudomallei'', NTMs, some fungal infections
+*Others: [[Burkholderia pseudomallei]], [[non-tuberculous mycobacteria]], and some [[fungi]]
-= Management =
+==Management==
-* FQs, chloramphenicol, tetracyline, TMP-SMX, imipenem, gentamicin
+*[[Fluoroquinolones]], [[chloramphenicol]], [[tetracyline]], [[TMP-SMX]], [[imipenem]], [[gentamicin]]
-= Further Reading =
+==Further Reading==
-* [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcma.2011.08.013 ''Chromobacterium violaceum'' infection: a clinical review of an important but neglected infection]. ''J Chin Med Assoc''. 2011;74(10):435-41.
+*[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcma.2011.08.013 ''Chromobacterium violaceum'' infection: a clinical review of an important but neglected infection]. ''J Chin Med Assoc''. 2011;74(10):435-41.
 [[Category:Gram-negative bacilli]]