Helminths: Difference between revisions

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|lung fluke
  
|lung fluke
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[praziquantel]]
⚫
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
| rowspan="5" |liver flukes
  
| rowspan="5" |liver flukes
 
|[[Fasciola hepatica]]
  
|[[Fasciola hepatica]]
−
|common liver fluke or sheep liver fluke
 +
|common or sheep liver fluke
−
|
  
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[triclabendazole]]
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Opisthorchis viverrini]]
  
|[[Opisthorchis viverrini]]
 
|Southeast Asian liver fluke
  
|Southeast Asian liver fluke
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[praziquantel]] or [[albendazole]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Clonorchis sinensis]]
  
|[[Clonorchis sinensis]]
 
|Chinese liver fluke
  
|Chinese liver fluke
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[praziquantel]] or [[albendazole]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Metorchis conjunctus]]
  
|[[Metorchis conjunctus]]
 
|Canadian liver fluke
  
|Canadian liver fluke
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[praziquantel]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Dicrocoelium dendriticum]]
  
|[[Dicrocoelium dendriticum]]
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|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[praziquantel]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Metagonimus species]]
  
|[[Metagonimus species]]
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[praziquantel]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Heterophyes heterophyes]]
  
|[[Heterophyes heterophyes]]
 
|
  
|
 
|eating undercooked fresh/brackish water fish in Egypt and Middle and Far East
  
|eating undercooked fresh/brackish water fish in Egypt and Middle and Far East
  +
|[[praziquantel]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
| rowspan="2" |blood flukes
  
| rowspan="2" |blood flukes
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|blood fluke
  
|blood fluke
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[praziquantel]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Schistosoma mansoni]]
  
|[[Schistosoma mansoni]]
 
|blood fluke
  
|blood fluke
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[praziquantel]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
! colspan="5" |Platyhelminths: cestodes (tapeworms)
  
! colspan="5" |Platyhelminths: cestodes (tapeworms)
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|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[praziquantel]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Spirometra species]]
  
|[[Spirometra species]]
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|dwarf tapeworm
  
|dwarf tapeworm
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[praziquantel]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Hymenolepis diminuta]]
  
|[[Hymenolepis diminuta]]
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|hydatid worm
  
|hydatid worm
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[albendazole]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Echinococcus multilocularis]]
  
|[[Echinococcus multilocularis]]
 
|alveolar hydatid disease
  
|alveolar hydatid disease
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[albendazole]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Taenia solium]]
  
|[[Taenia solium]]
 
|cysticercosis
  
|cysticercosis
 
|eating soil contaminated with pig or human feces
  
|eating soil contaminated with pig or human feces
  +
|[[albendazole]] or [[praziquantel]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Taenia multiceps]]
  
|[[Taenia multiceps]]
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|river blindness
  
|river blindness
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[ivermectin]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Loa loa]]
  
|[[Loa loa]]
 
|eye worm
  
|eye worm
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[diethylcarbamazine]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Wuchereria bancrofti]]
  
|[[Wuchereria bancrofti]]
 
|lymphatic filariasis
  
|lymphatic filariasis
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[diethylcarbamazine]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Brugia malayi]]
  
|[[Brugia malayi]]
 
|lymphatic filariasis
  
|lymphatic filariasis
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[diethylcarbamazine]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Brugia timori]]
  
|[[Brugia timori]]
 
|lymphatic filariasis
  
|lymphatic filariasis
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[diethylcarbamazine]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Mansonella perstans]]
  
|[[Mansonella perstans]]
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|maybe [[doxycycline]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Mansonella streptocerca]]
  
|[[Mansonella streptocerca]]
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|maybe [[doxycycline]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Mansonella ozzardi]]
  
|[[Mansonella ozzardi]]
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|maybe [[doxycycline]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| rowspan="9" |intestinal roundworms
 +
| rowspan="10" |intestinal roundworms
 
|[[Ascaris lumbricoides]]
  
|[[Ascaris lumbricoides]]
 
|great roundworm
  
|great roundworm
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[albendazole]] or [[mebendazole]] or [[ivermectin]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Necator americanus]]
  
|[[Necator americanus]]
 
|New World hookworm
  
|New World hookworm
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[albendazole]] or [[mebendazole]] or [[pyrantel pamoate]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Ancylostoma duodenale]]
  
|[[Ancylostoma duodenale]]
 
|Old World hookworm
  
|Old World hookworm
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[albendazole]] or [[mebendazole]] or [[pyrantel pamoate]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Strongyloides stercoralis]]
  
|[[Strongyloides stercoralis]]
 
|threadworm
  
|threadworm
 
|immunosuppression in a person who has ever spent time on a tropical beach
  
|immunosuppression in a person who has ever spent time on a tropical beach
−
|ivermectin ± albendazole
 +
|[[ivermectin]] ± [[albendazole]]
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Trichuris trichiura]]
  
|[[Trichuris trichiura]]
 
|whipworm
  
|whipworm
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[albendazole]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Enterobius vermicularis]]
  
|[[Enterobius vermicularis]]
 
|pinworm
  
|pinworm
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[albendazole]] or [[mebendazole]] or [[pyrantel pamoate]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Capillaria species]]
  
|[[Capillaria species]]
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[mebendazole]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Trichostrongylus species]]
  
|[[Trichostrongylus species]]
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[pyrantel pamoate]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Anisakis species]]
  
|[[Anisakis species]]
 
|anisakidosis
  
|anisakidosis
 
|
  
|
  +
|endoscopic removal
−
|
  
  ⚫
|-
  +
|[[Gongylonema species]]
  +
|gullet worm
  +
|ingestion of food or water contaminated by sheep or pig feves
  +
|surgical removal or [[albendazole]]
 
|-
  
|-
 
| rowspan="10" |tissue-invasive roundworms
  
| rowspan="10" |tissue-invasive roundworms
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|pork worm
  
|pork worm
 
|eating undercooked pig, boar, or bear meat
  
|eating undercooked pig, boar, or bear meat
  +
|[[albendazole]] plus steroids
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Anyclostoma braziliense]]
  
|[[Anyclostoma braziliense]]
 
|cutaneous larva migrans
  
|cutaneous larva migrans
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[albendazole]] or [[ivermectin]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Ancylostoma caninum]]
  
|[[Ancylostoma caninum]]
  +
|eosinophilic enterocolitis
−
|cutaneous larva migrans
  
−
|
  
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[albendazole]] or [[mebendazole]] or endoscopic removal
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Dracunculus medinensis]]
  
|[[Dracunculus medinensis]]
 
|Guinea worm
  
|Guinea worm
 
|
  
|
  +
|none
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Toxocara canis]]
  
|[[Toxocara canis]]
 
|[[visceral larva migrans]]
  
|[[visceral larva migrans]]
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[albendazole]] or [[mebendazole]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Toxocara cati]]
  
|[[Toxocara cati]]
 
|[[visceral larva migrans]]
  
|[[visceral larva migrans]]
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[albendazole]] or [[mebendazole]]
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Angiostrongylus cantonensis]]
  
|[[Angiostrongylus cantonensis]]
 
|rat lungworm
  
|rat lungworm
 
|
  
|
  +
|controversial
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Gnathostoma species]]
  
|[[Gnathostoma species]]
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[albendazole]] or [[ivermectin]] ± surgical removal
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Baylisascaris procyonis]]
  
|[[Baylisascaris procyonis]]
 
|raccoon roundworm
  
|raccoon roundworm
 
|
  
|
  +
|[[albendazole]] + steroids
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|[[Dioctophyme renale]]
  
|[[Dioctophyme renale]]

Revision as of 09:53, 3 August 2020

Group Species Common Name Exposure Treatment
Platyhelminths: trematodes (flukes)
lung flukes Paragonimus species lung fluke praziquantel
liver flukes Fasciola hepatica common or sheep liver fluke triclabendazole
Opisthorchis viverrini Southeast Asian liver fluke praziquantel or albendazole
Clonorchis sinensis Chinese liver fluke praziquantel or albendazole
Metorchis conjunctus Canadian liver fluke praziquantel
Dicrocoelium dendriticum lancet liver fluke
intestinal flukes Echinostoma revolutum
Fasciolopsis buskii praziquantel
Metagonimus species praziquantel
Heterophyes heterophyes eating undercooked fresh/brackish water fish in Egypt and Middle and Far East praziquantel
blood flukes Schistosoma haematobium blood fluke praziquantel
Schistosoma mansoni blood fluke praziquantel
Platyhelminths: cestodes (tapeworms)
pseudophyllideans Diphyllobothrium latum praziquantel
Spirometra species
Sparganum species
intestinal cyclophyllideans Taenia solium pork tapeworm eating undercooked pork
Taenia saginata beef tapeworm eating undercooked beef
Hymenolepis nana dwarf tapeworm praziquantel
Hymenolepis diminuta
Dipylidium caninum
tissue cyclophyllideans Echinococcus granulosus hydatid worm albendazole
Echinococcus multilocularis alveolar hydatid disease albendazole
Taenia solium cysticercosis eating soil contaminated with pig or human feces albendazole or praziquantel
Taenia multiceps
Taenia serialis
Nematodes (roundworms)
filarial roundworms Onchocerca volvulus river blindness ivermectin
Loa loa eye worm diethylcarbamazine
Wuchereria bancrofti lymphatic filariasis diethylcarbamazine
Brugia malayi lymphatic filariasis diethylcarbamazine
Brugia timori lymphatic filariasis diethylcarbamazine
Mansonella perstans maybe doxycycline
Mansonella streptocerca maybe doxycycline
Mansonella ozzardi maybe doxycycline
intestinal roundworms Ascaris lumbricoides great roundworm albendazole or mebendazole or ivermectin
Necator americanus New World hookworm albendazole or mebendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Ancylostoma duodenale Old World hookworm albendazole or mebendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Strongyloides stercoralis threadworm immunosuppression in a person who has ever spent time on a tropical beach ivermectin ± albendazole
Trichuris trichiura whipworm albendazole
Enterobius vermicularis pinworm albendazole or mebendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Capillaria species mebendazole
Trichostrongylus species pyrantel pamoate
Anisakis species anisakidosis endoscopic removal
Gongylonema species gullet worm ingestion of food or water contaminated by sheep or pig feves surgical removal or albendazole
tissue-invasive roundworms Trichinella spiralis pork worm eating undercooked pig, boar, or bear meat albendazole plus steroids
Anyclostoma braziliense cutaneous larva migrans albendazole or ivermectin
Ancylostoma caninum eosinophilic enterocolitis albendazole or mebendazole or endoscopic removal
Dracunculus medinensis Guinea worm none
Toxocara canis visceral larva migrans albendazole or mebendazole
Toxocara cati visceral larva migrans albendazole or mebendazole
Angiostrongylus cantonensis rat lungworm controversial
Gnathostoma species albendazole or ivermectin ± surgical removal
Baylisascaris procyonis raccoon roundworm albendazole + steroids
Dioctophyme renale giant kidney worm

Investigations

  • Eosinophilia seen in tissue-invasive worms, not in those that live in the gut or in cystic structures
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