Helminths: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 18:25, 18 December 2019

Platyhelminths (flatworms)
- Trematodes (flukes): non-segmented
  - Lung: Paragonimus species
  - Liver
    - Fasciola hepatica (common liver fluke or sheep liver fluke)
    - Opisthorchis viverrini (Southeast Asian liver fluke)
    - Clonorchis sinensis (Chinese liver fluke)
    - Metorchis conjunctus (Canadian liver fluke)
    - Dicrocoelium dendriticum (lancet liver fluke)
  - Intestinal
  - Blood: Schistosoma species
    - Schistosoma haematobium
    - Schistosoma mansoni
- Cestodes (tapeworms): segmented
  - Pseudophyllideans
  - Cyclophyllideans
    - Intestinal
      - Taenia solium (pork tapeworm)
      - Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm)
      - Hymenolepis nana (dwarf tapeworm)
      - Hymenolepis diminuta
      - Dipylidium caninum
    - Tissue
      - Echinococcus granulosus (hydatid worm)
      - Echinococcus multilocularis (alveolar hydatid disease)
      - Larvareal Taenia solium (cysticercosis)
      - Taenia multiceps and Taenia serialis (multiceps serialis))
Nematodes (roundworms)
- Filarial roundworms
  - Onchocerca volvulus (river blindness)
  - Loa loa (eye worm)
  - Wuchereria bancrofti (lymphatic filariasis)
    - Brugia malayi and Brugia timori (lymphatic filariasis)
  - Mansonella perstans, Mansonella streptocerca, and Mansonella ozzardi
- Non-filarial roundworms
  - Intestinal
    - Ascaris lumbricoides (great roundworm)
    - Necator americanus (New World hookworm)
    - Ancylostoma duodenale (Old World hookworm)
    - Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm)
    - Trichuris trichuria (whipworm)
    - Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
    - Capillaria species
    - Trichostrongylus species
    - Anisakis species
  - Tissue
    - Trichinella spiralis (pork worm)
    - Ancylostoma braziliense, Ancylostoma caninum, and other spp. (cutaneous larva migrans, creeping eruption)
    - Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm)
    - Toxocara canis and Toxocara cani (visceral larva migrans)
    - Angiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lungworm)
    - Gnathostoma species
    - Baylisascaris procyonis (raccoon roundworm)
    - Dioctophyme renale (giant kidney worm))

Investigations

Eosinophilia seen in tissue-invasive worms, not in those that live in the gut or in cystic structures

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-* '''Flatworms''' (platyhelminths)
+* '''Platyhelminths''' (flatworms)
-** '''Flukes''' (trematodes)
+** '''Trematodes''' (flukes): non-segmented
+*** Lung: [[Paragonimus species]]
-*** ''[[Schistosoma]]'' spp. (blood flukes)
+*** Liver
-*** ''[[Clonorchis]]'' (liver fluke)
-*** ''[[Paragonimus]]'' (lung fluke)
+**** ''[[Fasciola hepatica]]'' (common liver fluke or sheep liver fluke)
-*** ''[[Fasciola hepatica]]'' (intestinal fluke)
+**** ''[[Opisthorchis viverrini]]'' (Southeast Asian liver fluke)
+**** ''[[Clonorchis sinensis]]'' (Chinese liver fluke)
-** '''Tapeworms''' (cestodes)
+**** ''[[Metorchis conjunctus]]'' (Canadian liver fluke)
-*** Intestinal tapeworms
-**** ''[[Taenia solium]]'' (pork tapeworm)
+**** ''[[Dicrocoelium dendriticum]]'' (lancet liver fluke)
+*** Intestinal
-**** ''[[Taenia saginata]]'' (beef tapeworm)
-**** ''[[Hymenolepis nana]]'' (dwarf tapeworm)
+**** ''[[Echinostoma revolutum]]''
-**** ''[[Diphyllobothrium latum]]'' (fish tapeworm)
+**** ''[[Fasciolopsis buskii]]''
+**** [[Metagonimus species]]
-*** Larval tapeworms
-**** ''[[Echinococcus granulosus]]'' (hydatid worm)
+**** ''[[Heterophyes heterophyes]]''
+*** Blood: [[Schistosoma species]]
-**** ''[[Echinococcus multilocularis]]'' (alveolar hydatid disease)
-**** Cysticercus (larvareal ''[[Taenia solium]]'')
+**** ''[[Schistosoma haematobium]]''
+**** ''[[Schistosoma mansoni]]''
-* '''Roundworms''' (nematodes)
+** '''Cestodes''' (tapeworms): segmented
-** Filarial roundworms
+*** Pseudophyllideans
+**** ''[[Diphyllobothrium latum]]''
+**** [[Spirometra species]]
+**** [[Sparganum species]]
+*** Cyclophyllideans
+**** Intestinal
+***** ''[[Taenia solium]]'' (pork tapeworm)
+***** ''[[Taenia saginata]]'' (beef tapeworm)
+***** ''[[Hymenolepis nana]]'' (dwarf tapeworm)
+***** ''[[Hymenolepis diminuta]]''
+***** ''[[Dipylidium caninum]]''
+**** Tissue
+***** ''[[Echinococcus granulosus]]'' (hydatid worm)
+***** ''[[Echinococcus multilocularis]]'' (alveolar hydatid disease)
+***** Larvareal ''[[Taenia solium]]'' (cysticercosis)
+***** ''[[Taenia multiceps]]'' and ''[[Taenia serialis]]'' (multiceps serialis))
+* '''Nematodes''' (roundworms)
+** '''Filarial''' roundworms
 *** ''[[Onchocerca volvulus]]'' (river blindness)
 *** ''[[Loa loa]]'' (eye worm)
-*** ''[[Wucheria bancrofti]]'' (lymphatic filariasis)
+*** ''[[Wuchereria bancrofti]]'' (lymphatic filariasis)
-*** ''[[Dracunculus medinensis]]'' (Guinea worm)
+**** ''[[Brugia malayi]]'' and ''[[Brugia timori]]'' (lymphatic filariasis)
-*** ''[[Mansonella perstans]]''
+*** ''[[Mansonella perstans]]'', ''[[Mansonella streptocerca]]'', and ''[[Mansonella ozzardi]]''
-** Non-filarial roundworms
+** '''Non-filarial''' roundworms
-*** Intestinal roundworms
+*** Intestinal
 **** ''[[Ascaris lumbricoides]]'' (great roundworm)
 **** ''[[Necator americanus]]'' (New World hookworm)
@@ Line 30: / Line 48: @@
 **** ''[[Trichuris trichuria]]'' (whipworm)
 **** ''[[Enterobius vermicularis]]'' (pinworm)
+**** [[Capillaria species]]
-*** Tissue roundworms
+**** [[Trichostrongylus species]]
+**** [[Anisakis species]]
+*** Tissue
 **** ''[[Trichinella spiralis]]'' (pork worm)
-**** ''[[Ancylostoma braziliense]]'' and other spp. ([[cutaneous larva migrans]], creeping eruption)
+**** ''[[Ancylostoma braziliense]]'', ''[[Ancylostoma caninum]]'', and other spp. ([[cutaneous larva migrans]], creeping eruption)
+**** ''[[Dracunculus medinensis]]'' (Guinea worm)
 **** ''[[Toxocara canis]]'' and ''[[Toxocara cani]]'' ([[visceral larva migrans]])
-**** ''[[Baylisascaris procyonis]]''
+**** ''[[Angiostrongylus cantonensis]]'' (rat lungworm)
+**** [[Gnathostoma species]]
+**** ''[[Baylisascaris procyonis]]'' (raccoon roundworm)
+**** ''[[Dioctophyme renale]]'' (giant kidney worm))
 == Investigations ==