Aplastic anemia

Background

• Pancytopenia with hypocellular bone marrow
• May be either acquired or congenital

Differential Diagnosis

• Acquired
  • Secondary
    • Radiation
    • Drugs and toxins
      • Regular effects
      • Idiosyncratic reactions
    • Viral infections
      • Epstein-Barr virus, as a rare complication of infectious mononucleosis
      • Non-A, non-B, non-C viral hepatitis
      • Parvovirus B19
      • HIV
    • Immune disorders
      • Eosinophilic fasciitis
      • Hypoimmunoglobulinemia
      • Large granular lymphocytosis
      • Thymoma or thymic carcinoma
      • Graft-versus-host disease
      • Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
      • Pregnancy
  • Idiopathic
• Congenital or inhereted
  • Fanconi anemia
  • Dyskeratosis congenita or telomere disease
  • Schwachman-Diamond syndrome
  • Familial aplastic anemia
  • Down syndrome, Dubowitz syndrome, Seckel syndrome