Finding
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Differential Diagnosis
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arteritis and infarctions
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Varicella-zoster virus, Nipah virus, Rickettsia rickettsii, Treponema pallidum pallidum
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calcifications
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CMV (cortical), Toxoplasma (periventricular), Taenia solium
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cerebellar lesions
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VZV, EBV, Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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basal ganglia, thalamus, or brainstem lesions
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EBV, eastern equine encephalitis virus, Murray Valley encephalitis virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, enterovirus A71, influenza virus, prion disease, Tropheryma whipplei, Listeria monocytogenes
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hydrocephalus
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Coccidioides immitis, Histoplasma capsulatum, Balamuthia mandrillaris
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space-occupying lesions
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Toxoplasma gondii, Balamuthia mandrillaris, Acanthamoeba species, Taenia solium
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subependymal enhancement
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CMV
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temporal or frontal lobe involvement
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HSV, VZV, HHV-6, West Nile virus, enterovirus, Treponema pallidum pallidum (medial lobes)
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white matter abnormalities
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VZV, CMV, EBV, HHV-6, HIV, Nipah virus, JC virus, measles virus, Baylisascaris procyonis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
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