Chromobacterium violaceum: Difference between revisions
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Chromobacterium violaceum
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− | == |
+ | ==Background== |
+ | ===Microbiology=== |
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− | * |
+ | *Gram-negative bacterium |
− | * |
+ | *Colonies are deep purple to black due to the presence of the violacein pigment |
− | * |
+ | *Found in water |
− | == |
+ | ===Epidemiology=== |
− | * |
+ | *Mostly tropical or subtropical areas, especially southeast Asia |
− | * |
+ | *Also in southeast US, most commonly Florida |
− | * |
+ | *CGD is a risk factor for opportunistic infection, as is G6PD deficiency |
− | == |
+ | ==Clinical Manifestations== |
− | * |
+ | *Causes wound infections following contaminated water exposure |
− | * |
+ | *Always with systemic features, including fever (100%) and sepsis (82%) |
− | * |
+ | *Often bacteremic (60%) and can involve visceral organs (51%), especially lung and liver |
− | * |
+ | *High mortality (53%) |
− | == |
+ | ==Differential Diagnosis== |
+ | *Includes other causes of skin and soft tissue infection after water exposure |
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− | * Common bugs: ''Staph'', ''Strep'', polymicrobial, ''Klebsiella'', ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', ''E. coli'' |
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+ | *Common bugs: [[Staphylococcus aureus]], [[Streptococcus pyogenes]], other [[streptococci]], [[Klebsiella species]], [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]], [[Escherichia coli]], and polymicrobial infections |
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− | * |
+ | *Uniquely marine bacteria: [[Aeromonas species]], [[Vibrio vulnificus]], [[Shewanella species]], [[Edwardsiella species]], [[Chromobacterium species]] |
− | * |
+ | *Others: [[Burkholderia pseudomallei]], [[non-tuberculous mycobacteria]], and some [[fungi]] |
− | == |
+ | ==Management== |
− | * |
+ | *[[Fluoroquinolones]], [[chloramphenicol]], [[tetracyline]], [[TMP-SMX]], [[imipenem]], [[gentamicin]] |
− | == |
+ | ==Further Reading== |
− | * |
+ | *[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcma.2011.08.013 ''Chromobacterium violaceum'' infection: a clinical review of an important but neglected infection]. ''J Chin Med Assoc''. 2011;74(10):435-41. |
[[Category:Gram-negative bacilli]] |
[[Category:Gram-negative bacilli]] |
Revision as of 07:04, 29 August 2020
Background
Microbiology
- Gram-negative bacterium
- Colonies are deep purple to black due to the presence of the violacein pigment
- Found in water
Epidemiology
- Mostly tropical or subtropical areas, especially southeast Asia
- Also in southeast US, most commonly Florida
- CGD is a risk factor for opportunistic infection, as is G6PD deficiency
Clinical Manifestations
- Causes wound infections following contaminated water exposure
- Always with systemic features, including fever (100%) and sepsis (82%)
- Often bacteremic (60%) and can involve visceral organs (51%), especially lung and liver
- High mortality (53%)
Differential Diagnosis
- Includes other causes of skin and soft tissue infection after water exposure
- Common bugs: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, other streptococci, Klebsiella species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and polymicrobial infections
- Uniquely marine bacteria: Aeromonas species, Vibrio vulnificus, Shewanella species, Edwardsiella species, Chromobacterium species
- Others: Burkholderia pseudomallei, non-tuberculous mycobacteria, and some fungi
Management
Further Reading
- Chromobacterium violaceum infection: a clinical review of an important but neglected infection. J Chin Med Assoc. 2011;74(10):435-41.