Opportunistic infections in HIV: Difference between revisions
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! Infection !! Preferred !! Alternative |
! Infection !! Preferred !! Alternative |
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| rowspan=4 | ''[[Pneumocystis jirovecii]]'' |
| rowspan=4 | ''[[Pneumocystis jirovecii]]''<br/>(CD4 <200) |
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| rowspan=4 | [[TMP-SMX]] 1 DS or SS PO daily |
| rowspan=4 | [[TMP-SMX]] 1 DS or SS PO daily |
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| [[TMP-SMX]] 1 DS PO three times weekly |
| [[TMP-SMX]] 1 DS PO three times weekly |
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| [[Atovaquone]] 1500 mg PO daily |
| [[Atovaquone]] 1500 mg PO daily |
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| rowspan=4 | ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]'' |
| rowspan=4 | ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]''<br/>(CD4 <100 and IgG positive) |
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| rowspan=4 | [[TMP-SMX]] 1 DS PO daily |
| rowspan=4 | [[TMP-SMX]] 1 DS PO daily |
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| [[TMP-SMX]] 1 DS PO three times weekly |
| [[TMP-SMX]] 1 DS PO three times weekly |
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| [[Atovaquone]] 1500 mg PO daily |
| [[Atovaquone]] 1500 mg PO daily |
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| rowspan=3 | ''[[Mycobacterium avium complex]]'' |
| rowspan=3 | ''[[Mycobacterium avium complex]]''<br/>(CD4 <50) |
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| rowspan=3 | [[Azithromycin]] 1200 mg PO once weekly |
| rowspan=3 | [[Azithromycin]] 1200 mg PO once weekly |
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| [[Clarithromycin]] 500 mg PO BID |
| [[Clarithromycin]] 500 mg PO BID |
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| [[Rifabutin]], dose-adjusted to HIV meds |
| [[Rifabutin]], dose-adjusted to HIV meds |
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| ''[[Histoplasma capsulatum]]'' |
| ''[[Histoplasma capsulatum]]''<br/>(CD4 <150 and high risk) |
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| [[Itraconazole]] 200 mg PO once daily |
| [[Itraconazole]] 200 mg PO once daily |
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Revision as of 01:04, 22 January 2020
| CD4 | Infections | Action |
|---|---|---|
| Any | Tuberculosis | Screen for latent tuberculosis Vaccinate for pneumococcus, influenza, varicella, HPV (if appropriate), Hepatitis A, and Hepatitis B |
| <500 | Kaposi sarcoma (HHV-8) Herpes simplex Varicella zoster |
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| <300 | Candida Molluscum contagiosum Diarrhea from microsporidia and cryptosporidia |
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| <200 | Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia | Start PJP prophylaxis (Septra SS or DS) |
| <150 | Dimorphic fungi | Start histoplasmosis prophylaxis if high risk (occupation or hyperendemic) (itra) |
| <100 | Toxoplasmosis Cryptococcus |
Start toxo prophylaxis if IgG positive (Septra DS) |
| <50 | Mycobacterium avium complex Cytomegalovirus, including retinitis Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) from JC virus |
Start MAC prophylaxis (azithromycin) |
Prophylaxis regimens
| Infection | Preferred | Alternative |
|---|---|---|
| Pneumocystis jirovecii (CD4 <200) |
TMP-SMX 1 DS or SS PO daily | TMP-SMX 1 DS PO three times weekly |
| Dapsone 100 mg PO daily or 50 mg PO BID | ||
| Pentamidine nebs 300 mg every month | ||
| Atovaquone 1500 mg PO daily | ||
| Toxoplasma gondii (CD4 <100 and IgG positive) |
TMP-SMX 1 DS PO daily | TMP-SMX 1 DS PO three times weekly |
| TMP-SMX 1 SS PO daily | ||
| Dapsone 50 mg PO daily + pyrimethamine/leucovorin PO weekly | ||
| Atovaquone 1500 mg PO daily | ||
| Mycobacterium avium complex (CD4 <50) |
Azithromycin 1200 mg PO once weekly | Clarithromycin 500 mg PO BID |
| Azithromycin 600 mg PO twice weekly | ||
| Rifabutin, dose-adjusted to HIV meds | ||
| Histoplasma capsulatum (CD4 <150 and high risk) |
Itraconazole 200 mg PO once daily |
"High risk" for Histoplasma includes occupational exposure or residence in a community with a hyperendemic rate of histoplasmosis (>10 cases/100 patient-years)
