Parasites: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 18:07, 18 December 2019

Eukaryotic single- or multi-cellular organisms

Multicellular (helminths)

Nematodes (roundworms)
- Filarial/filariasis
  - Lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis)
    - Wuchereria bancrofti
    - Brugia malayi
    - Brugia timori
  - Subsutaneous/tissue
    - Onchocerca volvulus
    - Loa loa
  - Serous
    - Mansonella perstans
    - Mansonella ozzardi
- Non-filarial
  - Soil-transmitted
    - Ascaris lumbricoides (great roundworm)
    - Trichuris trichiura (whipworm)
    - Hookworm
      - Ancylostoma duodenale (Old World hookworm)
      - Necator americanus (New World hookworm)
    - Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm)
  - Non-soil-transmitted
    - Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
    - Trichinella spiralis
    - Balisascaris procyonis
    - Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm)
    - Angiostrongylus cantonensis
    - Anisakis (herring worm)
    - Gnathostoma
Cestodes (tapeworms)
- Taenia saginata
- Taenia solium
  - Adult worm
  - Neurocysticercosis
- Echinococcus
- Diphyllobothrium
Trematodes (flatworms/flukes)
- Lung: Paragonimus species
- Liver
  - Fasciola hepatica (common liver fluke or sheep liver fluke)
  - Opisthorchis viverrini (Southeast Asian liver fluke)
  - Clonorchis sinensis (Chinese liver fluke)
  - Metorchis conjunctus (Canadian liver fluke)
  - Dicrocoelium dendriticum (lancet liver fluke)
- Intestinal
- Blood: Schistosoma species
  - Schistosoma haematobium
  - Schistosoma mansoni

Ectoparasites

Fleas
Lice
- Body lice
- Head lice
- Pubic lice
Scabies
Myiasis
- Dermatobia hominis (human botfly)
- Cordylobia anthropophaga (tumbu fly)
- Cochliomyia hominivorax (New World screwworm fly)
- Chrysomya bezziana (Old World screwworm fly)
Tungiasis
- Tunga penetrants

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 * Eukaryotic single- or multi-cellular organisms
-== Single-celled (protozoa) ==
-* '''Amoebae''': pseudopodia
-** Obligate parasites
-*** Non-pathogenic
-**** ''[[Entamoeba coli]]'', ''[[Entamoeba dispar]]'', ''[[Entamoeba hartmanii]]'', and ''[[Entamoeba polecki]]''
-**** ''[[Endolimax nana]]''
-**** ''[[Iodamoeba buetschlii]]''
-*** Pathogenic
-**** ''[[Entamoeba histolytica]]''
-**** ''[[Blastocystis hominis]]'' (maybe)
-** Facultative free-living parasites
-*** ''[[Naegleria fowleri]]'': causes [[primary amoebic meningoencephalitis]]
-*** ''[[Balamuthia mandrillaris]]'': causes [[granulomatous amoebic encephalitis]]
-*** [[Acanthamoeba species]]: cause [[granulomatous amoebic encephalitis]] and [[amoebic keratitis]]
-* '''Flagellates''': regular flagella or kinetoplastic flagella
-** Non-kinetoplastic flagellates
-*** Pathogenic
-**** Intestinal: ''[[Giardia lamblia]]'' and ''[[Dientamoeba fragilis]]''
-**** Genitourinary: ''[[Trichomonas vaginalis]]''
-*** Non-pathogenic
-**** Intestinal: ''[[Chilomastix mesnili]]'', ''[[Pentatrichomonas hominis]]''
-**** Oral: ''[[Trichomonas tenax]]''
-** Kinetoplastid flagellates: flagellated protozoa with DNA inside large mitochondria at one end
-*** [[Trypanosoma species]]
-**** ''[[Trypanosoma cruzi]]'': causes [[American trypanosomiasis]]
-**** ''[[Trypanosoma brucei]]'': causes [[human African trypanosomiasis]]
-***** ''[[Trypanosoma brucei]]'' subsp. ''gambiense'': causes [[West African trypanosomiasis]]
-***** ''[[Trypanosoma brucei]]'' subsp. ''rhodesiense'': causes [[East African trypanosomiasis]]
-***** Other subspecies have case reports of causing human disease
-*** [[Leishmania species]]
-**** Old World, visceralizing: ''L. infantum'', ''L. donovani'' (in India)
-**** Old World, tegumentary: ''L. infantum'', ''L. donovani'' (Sri Lanka), ''L. major'', ''L. tropica''
-**** New World, visceralizing: ''L. chagasi'' (genetically identical to ''L. infantum'')
-**** New World, tegumentary:
-***** Viannia group (should be treated systemically): ''L. braziliensis'', ''L. panamensis'', ''L. guyanensis''
-***** Leishmania group (may need only local treatment): ''L. mexicana''
-* '''Apicomplexa''': gliding, sexual reproduction
-** Hemosporidia
-*** [[Plasmodium species]]
-*** [[Babesia species]]
-** Coccidia (not a microbiologically-sound category)
-*** Blood and tissue
-**** ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]''
-**** [[Sarcocystis species]]
-*** Gut
-**** [[Cryptosporidium species]]
-**** ''[[Cyclospora cayetanensis]]''
-**** [[Cystoisopora species]]
-**** [[Sarcocystis species]]
-* '''Ciliates''': cilia
-** ''[[Balantidium coli]]''
 == Multicellular (helminths) ==