Parasites: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 18:01, 18 December 2019

Eukaryotic single- or multi-cellular organisms

Single-celled (protozoa)

Amoebae: pseudopodia
- Obligate parasites
  - Non-pathogenic
    - Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba hartmanii, and Entamoeba polecki
    - Endolimax nana
    - Iodamoeba buetschlii
  - Pathogenic
    - Entamoeba histolytica
    - Blastocystis hominis (maybe)
- Facultative free-living parasites
  - Naegleria fowleri: causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
  - Balamuthia mandrillaris: causes granulomatous amoebic encephalitis
  - Acanthamoeba species: cause granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and amoebic keratitis
Flagellates: regular flagella or kinetoplastic flagella
- Non-kinetoplastic flagellates
  - Pathogenic
    - Intestinal: Giardia lamblia and Dientamoeba fragilis
    - Genitourinary: Trichomonas vaginalis
  - Non-pathogenic
    - Intestinal: Chilomastix mesnili, Pentatrichomonas hominis
    - Oral: Trichomonas tenax
- Kinetoplastid flagellates: flagellated protozoa with DNA inside large mitochondria at one end
  - Trypanosoma species
    - Trypanosoma cruzi: causes American trypanosomiasis
    - Trypanosoma brucei: causes human African trypanosomiasis
      - Trypanosoma brucei subsp. gambiense: causes West African trypanosomiasis
      - Trypanosoma brucei subsp. rhodesiense: causes East African trypanosomiasis
      - Other subspecies have case reports of causing human disease
  - Leishmania species
    - Old World, visceralizing: L. infantum, L. donovani (in India)
    - Old World, tegumentary: L. infantum, L. donovani (Sri Lanka), L. major, L. tropica
    - New World, visceralizing: L. chagasi (genetically identical to L. infantum)
    - New World, tegumentary:
      - Viannia group (should be treated systemically): L. braziliensis, L. panamensis, L. guyanensis
      - Leishmania group (may need only local treatment): L. mexicana
Apicomplexa: gliding, sexual reproduction
- Hemosporidia
  - Plasmodium species
  - Babesia species
- Coccidia (not a microbiologically-sound category)
  - Blood and tissue
    - Toxoplasma gondii
    - Sarcocystis species
  - Gut
Ciliates: cilia
- Balantidium coli

Multicellular (helminths)

Nematodes (roundworms)
- Filarial/filariasis
  - Lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis)
    - Wuchereria bancrofti
    - Brugia malayi
    - Brugia timori
  - Subsutaneous/tissue
    - Onchocerca volvulus
    - Loa loa
  - Serous
    - Mansonella perstans
    - Mansonella ozzardi
- Non-filarial
  - Soil-transmitted
    - Ascaris lumbricoides (great roundworm)
    - Trichuris trichiura (whipworm)
    - Hookworm
      - Ancylostoma duodenale (Old World hookworm)
      - Necator americanus (New World hookworm)
    - Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm)
  - Non-soil-transmitted
    - Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
    - Trichinella spiralis
    - Balisascaris procyonis
    - Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm)
    - Angiostrongylus cantonensis
    - Anisakis (herring worm)
    - Gnathostoma
Cestodes (tapeworms)
- Taenia saginata
- Taenia solium
  - Adult worm
  - Neurocysticercosis
- Echinococcus
- Diphyllobothrium
Trematodes (flatworms/flukes)
- Lung: Paragonimus species
- Liver
  - Fasciola hepatica (common liver fluke or sheep liver fluke)
  - Opisthorchis viverrini (Southeast Asian liver fluke)
  - Clonorchis sinensis (Chinese liver fluke)
  - Metorchis conjunctus (Canadian liver fluke)
  - Dicrocoelium dendriticum (lancet liver fluke)
- Intestinal
- Blood: Schistosoma species
  - Schistosoma haematobium
  - Schistosoma mansoni

Ectoparasites

Fleas
Lice
- Body lice
- Head lice
- Pubic lice
Scabies
Myiasis
- Dermatobia hominis (human botfly)
- Cordylobia anthropophaga (tumbu fly)
- Cochliomyia hominivorax (New World screwworm fly)
- Chrysomya bezziana (Old World screwworm fly)
Tungiasis
- Tunga penetrants

@@ Line 90: / Line 90: @@
 ** ''[[Diphyllobothrium]]''
 * '''Trematodes''' (flatworms/flukes)
-** Lung
+** Lung: [[Paragonimus species]]
-*** ''[[Paragonimus]]''
 ** Liver
-*** ''[[Fasciola hepatica]]''
+*** ''[[Fasciola hepatica]]'' (common liver fluke or sheep liver fluke)
-*** ''[[Opisthorchis viverrini]]'' & ''[[Clonorchis sinensis]]''
+*** ''[[Opisthorchis viverrini]]'' (Southeast Asian liver fluke)
+*** ''[[Clonorchis sinensis]]'' (Chinese liver fluke)
+*** ''[[Metorchis conjunctus]]'' (Canadian liver fluke)
+*** ''[[Dicrocoelium dendriticum]]'' (lancet liver fluke)
 ** Intestinal
-*** ''[[Fasciolopsis]]''
+*** ''[[Echinostoma revolutum]]''
-** ''[[Schistosoma]]''
+*** ''[[Fasciolopsis buskii]]''
+*** [[Metagonimus species]]
+*** ''[[Heterophyes heterophyes]]''
+** Blood: [[Schistosoma species]]
 *** ''[[Schistosoma haematobium]]''
 *** ''[[Schistosoma mansoni]]''