Parasites: Difference between revisions
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== Single-celled (protozoa) == |
== Single-celled (protozoa) == |
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* '''Amoebae''' |
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* Intestinal |
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** Obligate parasites |
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** Amoeba |
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*** ''[[Entamoeba histolytica]]'' |
*** ''[[Entamoeba histolytica]]'' |
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*** Non-pathogenic: other [[Entamoeba species]] |
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** Flagellates |
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** Facultative parasites (that are also free-living) |
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*** ''[[Giardia]]'' |
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*** [[Naegleria fowleri]]: causes [[primary amoebic meningoencephalitis]] |
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*** [[Balamuthia mandrillaris]]: causes [[granulomatous amoebic encephalitis]] |
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*** ''[[Cryptosporidium]]'' |
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*** [[Acanthamoeba species]]: causes [[granulomatous amoebic encephalitis]] and [[amoebic keratitis]] |
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*** ''[[Cyclospora]]'' |
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* '''Flagellates''' |
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** Non-kinetoplastic gut flagellates |
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** Ciliated |
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*** Pathogenic: [[Giardia lamblia]] and [[Dientamoeba fragilis]] |
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*** Non-pathogenic: [[Chilomastix mesnili]] |
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* Blood |
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** Non-kinetoplastic blood and tissue flagellates |
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*** Pathogenic: [[Trichomonas vaginalis]] |
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*** Non-pathogenic: [[Trichomonas tenax]] and [[Pentatrichomonas hominis]] |
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* Tissue |
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** Brain |
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*** [[Trypanosoma species]] |
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**** [[Trypanosoma cruzii]]: causes [[American trypanosomiasis]] |
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*** Free-living amoebae |
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**** ''[[Naegleria fowleri]]'' |
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***** [[Trypanosoma brucei]] subsp. gambiense: causes [[West African trypanosomiasis]] |
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**** ''[[Balamuthia mandrillaris]]'' |
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***** [[Trypanosoma brucei]] subsp. rhodesiense: causes [[East African trypanosomiasis]] |
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** Muscle |
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***** Other subspecies have case reports of causing human disease |
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*** [[Leishmania species]] |
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**** Old World, visceralizing: ''L. infantum'', ''L. donovani'' (in India) |
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*** [[Chagas]] |
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**** Old World, tegumentary: ''L. infantum'', ''L. donovani'' (Sri Lanka), ''L. major'', ''L. tropica'' |
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**** New World, visceralizing: ''L. chagasi'' (genetically identical to ''L. infantum'') |
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*** [[Leishmaniasis]] |
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**** New World, tegumentary: |
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***** Viannia group (should be treated systemically): ''L. braziliensis'', ''L. panamensis'', ''L. guyanensis'' |
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***** Leishmania group (may need only local treatment): ''L. mexicana'' |
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* '''Apicomplexa''' (sexual reproduction) |
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** Hemosporidia |
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*** Blood and tissue: [[Toxoplasma gondii]] |
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*** Gut: [[Cryptosporidium species]], [[Cyclospora species]], [[Cystoisopora species]] |
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* '''Ciliates''' |
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== Multicellular (helminths) == |
== Multicellular (helminths) == |
Revision as of 18:47, 2 December 2019
- Eukaryotic single- or multi-cellular organisms
Single-celled (protozoa)
- Amoebae
- Obligate parasites
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Non-pathogenic: other Entamoeba species
- Facultative parasites (that are also free-living)
- Obligate parasites
- Flagellates
- Non-kinetoplastic gut flagellates
- Pathogenic: Giardia lamblia and Dientamoeba fragilis
- Non-pathogenic: Chilomastix mesnili
- Non-kinetoplastic blood and tissue flagellates
- Pathogenic: Trichomonas vaginalis
- Non-pathogenic: Trichomonas tenax and Pentatrichomonas hominis
- Kinetoplastic flagellates: flagellated protozoa with DNA inside large mitochondria at one end
- Trypanosoma species
- Trypanosoma cruzii: causes American trypanosomiasis
- Trypanosoma brucei: causes human African trypanosomiasis
- Trypanosoma brucei subsp. gambiense: causes West African trypanosomiasis
- Trypanosoma brucei subsp. rhodesiense: causes East African trypanosomiasis
- Other subspecies have case reports of causing human disease
- Leishmania species
- Old World, visceralizing: L. infantum, L. donovani (in India)
- Old World, tegumentary: L. infantum, L. donovani (Sri Lanka), L. major, L. tropica
- New World, visceralizing: L. chagasi (genetically identical to L. infantum)
- New World, tegumentary:
- Viannia group (should be treated systemically): L. braziliensis, L. panamensis, L. guyanensis
- Leishmania group (may need only local treatment): L. mexicana
- Trypanosoma species
- Non-kinetoplastic gut flagellates
- Apicomplexa (sexual reproduction)
- Hemosporidia
- Coccidia (not a microbiologically-sound category)
- Blood and tissue: Toxoplasma gondii
- Gut: Cryptosporidium species, Cyclospora species, Cystoisopora species
- Both: Sarcocystis species
- Ciliates
Multicellular (helminths)
- Nematodes (roundworms)
- Filarial/filariasis
- Lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis)
- Subsutaneous/tissue
- Serous
- Non-filarial
- Soil-transmitted
- Ascaris lumbricoides (great roundworm)
- Trichuris trichiura (whipworm)
- Hookworm
- Ancylostoma duodenale (Old World hookworm)
- Necator americanus (New World hookworm)
- Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm)
- Non-soil-transmitted
- Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
- Trichinella spiralis
- Balisascaris procyonis
- Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm)
- Angiostrongylus cantonensis
- Anisakis (herring worm)
- Gnathostoma
- Soil-transmitted
- Filarial/filariasis
- Cestodes (tapeworms)
- Taenia saginata
- Taenia solium
- Adult worm
- Neurocysticercosis
- Echinococcus
- Diphyllobothrium
- Trematodes (flatworms/flukes)
Ectoparasites
- Fleas
- Lice
- Body lice
- Head lice
- Pubic lice
- Scabies
- Myiasis
- Dermatobia hominis (human botfly)
- Cordylobia anthropophaga (tumbu fly)
- Cochliomyia hominivorax (New World screwworm fly)
- Chrysomya bezziana (Old World screwworm fly)
- Tungiasis