Haemophilus influenzae: Difference between revisions

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Haemophilus influenzae
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* Species of [[Stain::Gram-negative]] [[Shape::bacillus]] within the genus [[Genus::Haemophilus]]
 
* Species of [[Stain::Gram-negative]] [[Shape::bacillus]] within the genus [[Genus::Haemophilus]]
 
* Deficient heme biosynthetic pathway leading to X-factor-dependent growth on media
 
* Deficient heme biosynthetic pathway leading to X-factor-dependent growth on media
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* Fastidious growth with standard media
 
* May be encapsulated; non-encapsulated strains are referred to as "nontypeable"
 
* May be encapsulated; non-encapsulated strains are referred to as "nontypeable"
 
* The group includes ''Haemophilus influenzae'', [[Haemophilus aegyptius]], and [[Haemophilus haemolyticus]]
 
* The group includes ''Haemophilus influenzae'', [[Haemophilus aegyptius]], and [[Haemophilus haemolyticus]]
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== Clinical Manifestations ==
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* [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], particularly in children, [[meningitis]], [[bacteremia]], mainly type b strains
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* [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], [[acute otitis media]], [[acute sinusitis]], [[acute exacerbation of COPD]], mainly untypeable strains
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== Management ==
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* For beta-lactamase-negative strains, [[ampicillin]] is recommended
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* For beta-lactamase-positive strains, [[ceftriaxone]] or [[cefepime]]
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* Alternatives include [[chloramphenicol]], [[ertapenem]], [[meropenem]]
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* Possibly also a [[Fluoroquinolones|fluoroquinolone]], [[azithromycin]], [[clarithromycin]], [[doxycycline]], [[amoxicillin-clavulanic acid]]
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* Duration depends on syndrome being treated:
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** Uncomplicated [[Bacterial meningitis|meningitis]]: 10 days
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** [[Community-acquired pneumonia|Pneumonia]]: at least 5 days, with clinical improvement
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** [[Septic arthritis]]: 10 to 14 days
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** [[Pericarditis]]: 3 to 6 weeks
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** [[Empyema]]: 3 to 6 weeks
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** [[Osteomyelitis]]: 3 to 6 weeks
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== Further Reading ==
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* Antimicrobial Resistance in ''Haemophilus influenzae''. ''Clin Microbiol Rev''. 2007. doi: [https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00040-06 10.1128/CMR.00040-06]
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[[Category:Gram-negative bacilli]]
 
[[Category:Gram-negative bacilli]]

Latest revision as of 13:25, 12 January 2024

Background

Microbiology

  • Species of Gram-negative bacillus within the genus Haemophilus
  • Deficient heme biosynthetic pathway leading to X-factor-dependent growth on media
  • Fastidious growth with standard media
  • May be encapsulated; non-encapsulated strains are referred to as "nontypeable"
  • The group includes Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus aegyptius, and Haemophilus haemolyticus


Test Biotype
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
Indole + + + + +
Urease + + + +
ODC + + + +

Clinical Manifestations

Management

Further Reading

  • Antimicrobial Resistance in Haemophilus influenzae. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2007. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00040-06