Haemophilus influenzae: Difference between revisions
From IDWiki
Haemophilus influenzae
No edit summary |
(added duration) |
||
| (One intermediate revision by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
* Species of [[Stain::Gram-negative]] [[Shape::bacillus]] within the genus [[Genus::Haemophilus]] |
* Species of [[Stain::Gram-negative]] [[Shape::bacillus]] within the genus [[Genus::Haemophilus]] |
||
* Deficient heme biosynthetic pathway leading to X-factor-dependent growth on media |
* Deficient heme biosynthetic pathway leading to X-factor-dependent growth on media |
||
* Fastidious growth with standard media |
|||
* May be encapsulated; non-encapsulated strains are referred to as "nontypeable" |
* May be encapsulated; non-encapsulated strains are referred to as "nontypeable" |
||
* The group includes ''Haemophilus influenzae'', [[Haemophilus aegyptius]], and [[Haemophilus haemolyticus]] |
* The group includes ''Haemophilus influenzae'', [[Haemophilus aegyptius]], and [[Haemophilus haemolyticus]] |
||
| Line 50: | Line 51: | ||
|– |
|– |
||
|} |
|} |
||
== Clinical Manifestations == |
|||
* [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], particularly in children, [[meningitis]], [[bacteremia]], mainly type b strains |
|||
* [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], [[acute otitis media]], [[acute sinusitis]], [[acute exacerbation of COPD]], mainly untypeable strains |
|||
== Management == |
|||
* For beta-lactamase-negative strains, [[ampicillin]] is recommended |
|||
* For beta-lactamase-positive strains, [[ceftriaxone]] or [[cefepime]] |
|||
* Alternatives include [[chloramphenicol]], [[ertapenem]], [[meropenem]] |
|||
* Possibly also a [[Fluoroquinolones|fluoroquinolone]], [[azithromycin]], [[clarithromycin]], [[doxycycline]], [[amoxicillin-clavulanic acid]] |
|||
* Duration depends on syndrome being treated: |
|||
** Uncomplicated [[Bacterial meningitis|meningitis]]: 10 days |
|||
** [[Community-acquired pneumonia|Pneumonia]]: at least 5 days, with clinical improvement |
|||
** [[Septic arthritis]]: 10 to 14 days |
|||
** [[Pericarditis]]: 3 to 6 weeks |
|||
** [[Empyema]]: 3 to 6 weeks |
|||
** [[Osteomyelitis]]: 3 to 6 weeks |
|||
== Further Reading == |
|||
* Antimicrobial Resistance in ''Haemophilus influenzae''. ''Clin Microbiol Rev''. 2007. doi: [https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00040-06 10.1128/CMR.00040-06] |
|||
[[Category:Gram-negative bacilli]] |
[[Category:Gram-negative bacilli]] |
||
Latest revision as of 17:25, 12 January 2024
Background
Microbiology
- Species of Gram-negative bacillus within the genus Haemophilus
- Deficient heme biosynthetic pathway leading to X-factor-dependent growth on media
- Fastidious growth with standard media
- May be encapsulated; non-encapsulated strains are referred to as "nontypeable"
- The group includes Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus aegyptius, and Haemophilus haemolyticus
| Test | Biotype | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | |
| Indole | + | + | – | – | + | – | + | + |
| Urease | + | + | + | + | – | – | – | – |
| ODC | + | – | – | + | + | + | – | – |
Clinical Manifestations
- Community-acquired pneumonia, particularly in children, meningitis, bacteremia, mainly type b strains
- Community-acquired pneumonia, acute otitis media, acute sinusitis, acute exacerbation of COPD, mainly untypeable strains
Management
- For beta-lactamase-negative strains, ampicillin is recommended
- For beta-lactamase-positive strains, ceftriaxone or cefepime
- Alternatives include chloramphenicol, ertapenem, meropenem
- Possibly also a fluoroquinolone, azithromycin, clarithromycin, doxycycline, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid
- Duration depends on syndrome being treated:
- Uncomplicated meningitis: 10 days
- Pneumonia: at least 5 days, with clinical improvement
- Septic arthritis: 10 to 14 days
- Pericarditis: 3 to 6 weeks
- Empyema: 3 to 6 weeks
- Osteomyelitis: 3 to 6 weeks
Further Reading
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Haemophilus influenzae. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2007. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00040-06
