Haemophilus influenzae: Difference between revisions

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Haemophilus influenzae
(Created page with "==Background== ===Microbiology=== * Species of Stain::Gram-negative Shape::bacillus within the genus Genus::Haemophilus * Deficient heme biosynthetic pathway leading to X-factor-dependent growth on media * The group includes ''Haemophilus influenzae'', Haemophilus aegyptius, and Haemophilus haemolyticus {{DISPLAYTITLE:''Haemophilus influenzae''}} [[Category::Gram-negative bacilli]]")
 
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* Species of [[Stain::Gram-negative]] [[Shape::bacillus]] within the genus [[Genus::Haemophilus]]
  
* Species of [[Stain::Gram-negative]] [[Shape::bacillus]] within the genus [[Genus::Haemophilus]]
 
* Deficient heme biosynthetic pathway leading to X-factor-dependent growth on media
  
* Deficient heme biosynthetic pathway leading to X-factor-dependent growth on media
  +
* Fastidious growth with standard media
  +
* May be encapsulated; non-encapsulated strains are referred to as "nontypeable"
 
* The group includes ''Haemophilus influenzae'', [[Haemophilus aegyptius]], and [[Haemophilus haemolyticus]]
  
* The group includes ''Haemophilus influenzae'', [[Haemophilus aegyptius]], and [[Haemophilus haemolyticus]]
   
 
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Haemophilus influenzae''}}
  
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Haemophilus influenzae''}}
  +
{| class="wikitable"
⚫
[[Category::Gram-negative bacilli]]
  
  +
! rowspan="2" |Test
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! colspan="8" |Biotype
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|-
  +
!I
  +
!II
  +
!III
  +
!IV
  +
!V
  +
!VI
  +
!VII
  +
!VIII
  +
|-
  +
|Indole
  +
| +
  +
| +
  +
|–
  +
|–
  +
| +
  +
|–
  +
| +
  +
| +
  +
|-
  +
|Urease
  +
| +
  +
| +
  +
| +
  +
| +
  +
|–
  +
|–
  +
|–
  +
|–
  +
|-
  +
|ODC
  +
| +
  +
|–
  +
|–
  +
| +
  +
| +
  +
| +
  +
|–
  +
|–
  +
|}
  +
  +
== Clinical Manifestations ==
  +
  +
* [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], particularly in children, [[meningitis]], [[bacteremia]], mainly type b strains
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* [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], [[acute otitis media]], [[acute sinusitis]], [[acute exacerbation of COPD]], mainly untypeable strains
  +
  +
== Management ==
  +
  +
* For beta-lactamase-negative strains, [[ampicillin]] is recommended
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* For beta-lactamase-positive strains, [[ceftriaxone]] or [[cefepime]]
  +
* Alternatives include [[chloramphenicol]], [[ertapenem]], [[meropenem]]
  +
* Possibly also a [[Fluoroquinolones|fluoroquinolone]], [[azithromycin]], [[clarithromycin]], [[doxycycline]], [[amoxicillin-clavulanic acid]]
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* Duration depends on syndrome being treated:
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** Uncomplicated [[Bacterial meningitis|meningitis]]: 10 days
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** [[Community-acquired pneumonia|Pneumonia]]: at least 5 days, with clinical improvement
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** [[Septic arthritis]]: 10 to 14 days
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** [[Pericarditis]]: 3 to 6 weeks
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** [[Empyema]]: 3 to 6 weeks
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** [[Osteomyelitis]]: 3 to 6 weeks
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  +
== Further Reading ==
  +
  +
* Antimicrobial Resistance in ''Haemophilus influenzae''. ''Clin Microbiol Rev''. 2007. doi: [https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00040-06 10.1128/CMR.00040-06]
  +
  ⚫
[[Category:Gram-negative bacilli]]

Latest revision as of 13:25, 12 January 2024

Background

Microbiology

  • Species of Gram-negative bacillus within the genus Haemophilus
  • Deficient heme biosynthetic pathway leading to X-factor-dependent growth on media
  • Fastidious growth with standard media
  • May be encapsulated; non-encapsulated strains are referred to as "nontypeable"
  • The group includes Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus aegyptius, and Haemophilus haemolyticus


Test Biotype
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
Indole + + – – + – + +
Urease + + + + – – – –
ODC + – – + + + – –

Clinical Manifestations

Management

Further Reading

  • Antimicrobial Resistance in Haemophilus influenzae. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2007. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00040-06
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