Haemophilus influenzae: Difference between revisions
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Haemophilus influenzae
(Created page with "==Background== ===Microbiology=== * Species of Stain::Gram-negative Shape::bacillus within the genus Genus::Haemophilus * Deficient heme biosynthetic pathway leading to X-factor-dependent growth on media * The group includes ''Haemophilus influenzae'', Haemophilus aegyptius, and Haemophilus haemolyticus {{DISPLAYTITLE:''Haemophilus influenzae''}} [[Category::Gram-negative bacilli]]") |
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* Species of [[Stain::Gram-negative]] [[Shape::bacillus]] within the genus [[Genus::Haemophilus]] |
* Species of [[Stain::Gram-negative]] [[Shape::bacillus]] within the genus [[Genus::Haemophilus]] |
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* Deficient heme biosynthetic pathway leading to X-factor-dependent growth on media |
* Deficient heme biosynthetic pathway leading to X-factor-dependent growth on media |
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* Fastidious growth with standard media |
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* May be encapsulated; non-encapsulated strains are referred to as "nontypeable" |
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* The group includes ''Haemophilus influenzae'', [[Haemophilus aegyptius]], and [[Haemophilus haemolyticus]] |
* The group includes ''Haemophilus influenzae'', [[Haemophilus aegyptius]], and [[Haemophilus haemolyticus]] |
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Haemophilus influenzae''}} |
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Haemophilus influenzae''}} |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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| ⚫ | |||
! rowspan="2" |Test |
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! colspan="8" |Biotype |
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|- |
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!I |
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!II |
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!III |
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!IV |
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!V |
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!VI |
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!VII |
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!VIII |
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|- |
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|Indole |
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| + |
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| + |
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|– |
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|– |
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| + |
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|– |
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| + |
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| + |
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|- |
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|Urease |
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| + |
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| + |
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| + |
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| + |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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|- |
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|ODC |
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| + |
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|– |
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|– |
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| + |
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| + |
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| + |
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|– |
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|– |
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|} |
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== Clinical Manifestations == |
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* [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], particularly in children, [[meningitis]], [[bacteremia]], mainly type b strains |
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* [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], [[acute otitis media]], [[acute sinusitis]], [[acute exacerbation of COPD]], mainly untypeable strains |
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== Management == |
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* For beta-lactamase-negative strains, [[ampicillin]] is recommended |
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* For beta-lactamase-positive strains, [[ceftriaxone]] or [[cefepime]] |
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* Alternatives include [[chloramphenicol]], [[ertapenem]], [[meropenem]] |
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* Possibly also a [[Fluoroquinolones|fluoroquinolone]], [[azithromycin]], [[clarithromycin]], [[doxycycline]], [[amoxicillin-clavulanic acid]] |
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* Duration depends on syndrome being treated: |
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** Uncomplicated [[Bacterial meningitis|meningitis]]: 10 days |
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** [[Community-acquired pneumonia|Pneumonia]]: at least 5 days, with clinical improvement |
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** [[Septic arthritis]]: 10 to 14 days |
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** [[Pericarditis]]: 3 to 6 weeks |
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** [[Empyema]]: 3 to 6 weeks |
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** [[Osteomyelitis]]: 3 to 6 weeks |
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== Further Reading == |
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* Antimicrobial Resistance in ''Haemophilus influenzae''. ''Clin Microbiol Rev''. 2007. doi: [https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00040-06 10.1128/CMR.00040-06] |
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| ⚫ | |||
Latest revision as of 17:25, 12 January 2024
Background
Microbiology
- Species of Gram-negative bacillus within the genus Haemophilus
- Deficient heme biosynthetic pathway leading to X-factor-dependent growth on media
- Fastidious growth with standard media
- May be encapsulated; non-encapsulated strains are referred to as "nontypeable"
- The group includes Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus aegyptius, and Haemophilus haemolyticus
| Test | Biotype | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | |
| Indole | + | + | – | – | + | – | + | + |
| Urease | + | + | + | + | – | – | – | – |
| ODC | + | – | – | + | + | + | – | – |
Clinical Manifestations
- Community-acquired pneumonia, particularly in children, meningitis, bacteremia, mainly type b strains
- Community-acquired pneumonia, acute otitis media, acute sinusitis, acute exacerbation of COPD, mainly untypeable strains
Management
- For beta-lactamase-negative strains, ampicillin is recommended
- For beta-lactamase-positive strains, ceftriaxone or cefepime
- Alternatives include chloramphenicol, ertapenem, meropenem
- Possibly also a fluoroquinolone, azithromycin, clarithromycin, doxycycline, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid
- Duration depends on syndrome being treated:
- Uncomplicated meningitis: 10 days
- Pneumonia: at least 5 days, with clinical improvement
- Septic arthritis: 10 to 14 days
- Pericarditis: 3 to 6 weeks
- Empyema: 3 to 6 weeks
- Osteomyelitis: 3 to 6 weeks
Further Reading
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Haemophilus influenzae. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2007. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00040-06
