Parasitic brain infections: Difference between revisions
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! colspan="4" |Protozoa |
! colspan="4" |Protozoa |
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|[[Balamuthia mandrillaris]] and [[Acanthamoeba |
|[[Balamuthia mandrillaris]] and [[Acanthamoeba]] |
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|[[Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis]] |
|[[Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis]] |
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|single or multiple ring-enhancing lesions in the gray and white matter with surrounding edema and mass effect |
|single or multiple ring-enhancing lesions in the gray and white matter with surrounding edema and mass effect |
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|exposure to warm water |
|exposure to warm water |
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|[[Leishmania |
|[[Leishmania]] |
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|[[Leishmaniasis]] |
|[[Leishmaniasis]] |
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|travel to endemic country |
|travel to endemic country |
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|[[Microsporidia |
|[[Microsporidia]] |
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|[[Microsporidiasis]] |
|[[Microsporidiasis]] |
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|exposure to warm water, rapid progression |
|exposure to warm water, rapid progression |
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|[[Plasmodium |
|[[Plasmodium]] |
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|Malaria |
|Malaria |
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! colspan="4" |Metazoa: Trematodes |
! colspan="4" |Metazoa: Trematodes |
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|[[Paragonimus |
|[[Paragonimus]] |
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|Paragonimiasis |
|Paragonimiasis |
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|inflammatory changes surrounding clusters of contrast-enhancing lesions, most commonly in the frontal and temporal gray and white matter |
|inflammatory changes surrounding clusters of contrast-enhancing lesions, most commonly in the frontal and temporal gray and white matter |
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|[[Schistosoma |
|[[Schistosoma]] |
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|[[Schistosomiasis]] |
|[[Schistosomiasis]] |
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|central linear enhancement, clustered with arborized appearance, and commonly involves spinal cord with [[Schistosoma haematobium]] |
|central linear enhancement, clustered with arborized appearance, and commonly involves spinal cord with [[Schistosoma haematobium]] |
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|[[Taenia |
|[[Taenia]] |
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|[[Coenurosis]] |
|[[Coenurosis]] |
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|[[Spirometra |
|[[Spirometra]] |
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|[[Sparganosis]] |
|[[Sparganosis]] |
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|T2 edema, sometimes with T1 mass or linear or curvilinear contrast-enhancing lesions, most commonly involving frontal and parietal lobes |
|T2 edema, sometimes with T1 mass or linear or curvilinear contrast-enhancing lesions, most commonly involving frontal and parietal lobes |
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! colspan="4" |Metazoa: Nematodes |
! colspan="4" |Metazoa: Nematodes |
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|[[Gnathostoma |
|[[Gnathostoma]] |
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|[[Gnathostomiasis]] |
|[[Gnathostomiasis]] |
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|[[Toxocara |
|[[Toxocara]] |
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|[[Toxocariasis]] |
|[[Toxocariasis]] |
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|[[Lagochilascaris |
|[[Lagochilascaris]] |
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|[[Lagochilascariasis]] |
|[[Lagochilascariasis]] |
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Latest revision as of 20:11, 12 February 2022
Differential Diagnosis
| Parasite | Disease | Lesion | Clinical Clues |
|---|---|---|---|
| Protozoa | |||
| Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba | Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis | single or multiple ring-enhancing lesions in the gray and white matter with surrounding edema and mass effect | exposure to warm water |
| Leishmania | Leishmaniasis | travel to endemic country | |
| Microsporidia | Microsporidiasis | ||
| Naegleria fowleri | Primary amebic meningoencephalitis | global edema, stroke, and elevated intracranial pressure, most commonly in the base of the brain | exposure to warm water, rapid progression |
| Plasmodium | Malaria | ||
| Toxoplasma gondii | Toxoplasmosis | ||
| Trypanosoma brucei | African trypanosomiasis | diffuse hyperintensity on T1 usually involving bilateral basal ganglia | |
| Trypanosoma cruzi | Chagas disease | contrast-enhancing hypointense T1 lesions involving only the parietal and frontal lobes, with edema on T2 | |
| Metazoa: Trematodes | |||
| Paragonimus | Paragonimiasis | inflammatory changes surrounding clusters of contrast-enhancing lesions, most commonly in the frontal and temporal gray and white matter | |
| Schistosoma | Schistosomiasis | central linear enhancement, clustered with arborized appearance, and commonly involves spinal cord with Schistosoma haematobium | |
| Metazoa: Cestodes | |||
| Echinococcus granulosus | Intracranial hydatidosis | multiple thin-walled, large, round cysts, or one large cyst with smaller surrounding cysts, most commonly in the parietal lobe | |
| Echinococcus multilocularis | Alveolar hydatid disease | contrast-enhancing round, solid lesions with surrounding edema on T2 | |
| Taenia solium | Neurocysticercosis | single or multiple ring-enhancing lesions, with calcifications if older | |
| Taenia | Coenurosis | ||
| Spirometra | Sparganosis | T2 edema, sometimes with T1 mass or linear or curvilinear contrast-enhancing lesions, most commonly involving frontal and parietal lobes | |
| Metazoa: Nematodes | |||
| Gnathostoma | Gnathostomiasis | ||
| Angiostrongylus cantonensis | Angiostrongyliasis | ||
| Toxocara | Toxocariasis | ||
| Strongyloides stercoralis | Strongyloidiasis | ||
| multiple | Filariasis | ||
| Baylisascaris procyonis | Baylisascariasis | ||
| Dracuncula medinensis | Dracunculiasis | ||
| Dicrocoelium dendriticum | Dicrocoeliasis | ||
| Lagochilascaris | Lagochilascariasis | ||
Further Reading
- Parasitic diseases of the central nervous system: lessons for clinicians and policy makers. Expert Rev Neurother. 2016;16(4): 401–414. doi: 10.1586/14737175.2016.1155454
