Isavuconazole: Difference between revisions

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== Dosing ==
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== Background ==
   
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=== Mechanism of Action ===
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* Isavuconazole 200 mg IV tid for 6 doses followed by 200 mg IV daily
  
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* Azole antifungal that inhibits lanosterol 14-α demethylase in the peptidoglycan synthesis pathway
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=== Spectrum of Activity ===
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*Active against [[Candida]], [[Cryptococcus]], [[Aspergillus]] including [[Aspergillus flavus]], [[Aspergillus fumigatus]], and [[Aspergillus niger]], and [[Mucorales]]
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*Indications include {{#ask: [[Is treated by::isavuconazole]]}}
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=== Breakpoints ===
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{| class="wikitable"
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! rowspan="2" |Species
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! rowspan="2" |ECOFF (mg/L)
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! colspan="3" |Breakpoints (μg/mL)
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|-
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! S
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!ATU
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!R
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|-
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|[[Aspergillus flavus]]
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|2
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|≤1
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|2
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|>2
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|-
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|[[Aspergillus fumigatus]]
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|2
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|≤1
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|2
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|>2
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|-
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|[[Aspergillus nidulans]]
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|0.25
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|≤0.25
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|—
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|>0.25
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|-
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|[[Aspergillus niger]]
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|4
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|—
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|—
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|—
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|-
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|[[Aspergillus terreus]]
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|1
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|≤1
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|—
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|>1
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|}
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=== Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics ===
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* Half-life 100 hours
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* Oral absorption is excellent (~98%)
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* Likely good distribution into CNS based on mouse model[[CiteRef::lee2019ti]] but not replicated in healthy humans[[CiteRef::bergmann2024ph]], though possibly higher in patients with infection[[CiteRef::davis2021is]][[CiteRef::rouzaud2019is]]
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==Dosing==
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  ⚫
*Isavuconazole 200 mg IV tid for 6 doses followed by 200 mg IV daily
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=== Renal Dosing ===
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* No adjustment needed
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=== Hepatic Dosing ===
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* No adjustment needed
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== Safety ==
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=== Adverse Drug Reactions ===
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* Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
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* Elevated liver enzymes
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**Generally transient ALT elevation that does not require change in therapy
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**May also include severe cholestatic or hepatocellular enzyme rises within the first few months of therapy
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**See also [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548643/ LiverTox]
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* Hypokalemia
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=== Drug-Drug Interactions ===
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* Increases levels of [[sirolimus]] and [[tacrolimus]]
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* Increases levels of [[cyclosporine]]
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* Contraindicated with [[carbamazepine]]
   
 
[[Category:Triazoles]]
  
[[Category:Triazoles]]

Latest revision as of 09:27, 22 October 2024

Background

Mechanism of Action

  • Azole antifungal that inhibits lanosterol 14-α demethylase in the peptidoglycan synthesis pathway

Spectrum of Activity

Breakpoints

Species ECOFF (mg/L) Breakpoints (μg/mL)
S ATU R
Aspergillus flavus 2 ≤1 2 >2
Aspergillus fumigatus 2 ≤1 2 >2
Aspergillus nidulans 0.25 ≤0.25 — >0.25
Aspergillus niger 4 — — —
Aspergillus terreus 1 ≤1 — >1

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

  • Half-life 100 hours
  • Oral absorption is excellent (~98%)
  • Likely good distribution into CNS based on mouse model1 but not replicated in healthy humans2, though possibly higher in patients with infection34

Dosing

  • Isavuconazole 200 mg IV tid for 6 doses followed by 200 mg IV daily

Renal Dosing

  • No adjustment needed

Hepatic Dosing

  • No adjustment needed

Safety

Adverse Drug Reactions

  • Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
  • Elevated liver enzymes
    • Generally transient ALT elevation that does not require change in therapy
    • May also include severe cholestatic or hepatocellular enzyme rises within the first few months of therapy
    • See also LiverTox
  • Hypokalemia

Drug-Drug Interactions

References

  1. ^  Annie Lee, Brendan Prideaux, Min Hee Lee, Matthew Zimmerman, Enriko Dolgov, David S. Perlin, Yanan Zhao. Tissue Distribution and Penetration of Isavuconazole at the Site of Infection in Experimental Invasive Aspergillosis in Mice with Underlying Chronic Granulomatous Disease. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2019;63(6). doi:10.1128/aac.00524-19.
  2. ^  Felix Bergmann, Michael Wölfl-Duchek, Anselm Jorda, Valentin Al Jalali, Amelie Leutzendorff, Maria Sanz-Codina, Daniela Gompelmann, Karin Trimmel, Maria Weber, Sabine Eberl, Wisse Van Os, Iris K Minichmayr, Birgit Reiter, Thomas Stimpfl, Marco Idzko, Markus Zeitlinger. Pharmacokinetics of isavuconazole at different target sites in healthy volunteers after single and multiple intravenous infusions. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2024;79(5):1169-1175. doi:10.1093/jac/dkae088.
  3. ^  Matthew R Davis, Sandy Chang, Pryce Gaynor, Erin K McCreary, Paul Allyn. Isavuconazole for treatment of refractory coccidioidal meningitis with concomitant cerebrospinal fluid and plasma therapeutic drug monitoring. Medical Mycology. 2021;59(9):939-942. doi:10.1093/mmy/myab035.
  4. ^  Claire Rouzaud, Vincent Jullien, Anne Herbrecht, Bruno Palmier, Simona Lapusan, Marjolaine Morgand, Romain Guéry, Amélie Dureault, François Danion, Stéphanie Puget, Lauriane Goldwirt, Fanny Lanternier, Olivier Lortholary. Isavuconazole Diffusion in Infected Human Brain. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2019;63(10). doi:10.1128/aac.02474-18.

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