Parasitic brain infections: Difference between revisions
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− | == |
+ | ==Differential Diagnosis== |
{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
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!Parasite |
!Parasite |
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!Disease |
!Disease |
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!Lesion |
!Lesion |
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+ | !Clinical Clues |
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− | !Location |
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|- |
|- |
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! colspan="4" |Protozoa |
! colspan="4" |Protozoa |
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|- |
|- |
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− | |[[Balamuthia mandrillaris]] and [[Acanthamoeba |
+ | |[[Balamuthia mandrillaris]] and [[Acanthamoeba]] |
|[[Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis]] |
|[[Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis]] |
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− | |single or multiple ring-enhancing lesions with surrounding edema and mass effect |
+ | |single or multiple ring-enhancing lesions in the gray and white matter with surrounding edema and mass effect |
+ | |exposure to warm water |
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− | |gray and white matter |
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|- |
|- |
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− | |[[Leishmania |
+ | |[[Leishmania]] |
|[[Leishmaniasis]] |
|[[Leishmaniasis]] |
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| |
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+ | |travel to endemic country |
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⚫ | |||
|- |
|- |
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− | |[[Microsporidia |
+ | |[[Microsporidia]] |
|[[Microsporidiasis]] |
|[[Microsporidiasis]] |
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| |
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|[[Naegleria fowleri]] |
|[[Naegleria fowleri]] |
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|[[Primary amebic meningoencephalitis]] |
|[[Primary amebic meningoencephalitis]] |
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− | |global edema, stroke, and elevated intracranial pressure |
+ | |global edema, stroke, and elevated intracranial pressure, most commonly in the base of the brain |
+ | |exposure to warm water, rapid progression |
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− | |base of brain most common |
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|- |
|- |
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− | |[[Plasmodium |
+ | |[[Plasmodium]] |
|Malaria |
|Malaria |
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|[[Trypanosoma brucei]] |
|[[Trypanosoma brucei]] |
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|[[African trypanosomiasis]] |
|[[African trypanosomiasis]] |
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− | |diffuse hyperintensity on T1 |
+ | |diffuse hyperintensity on T1 usually involving bilateral basal ganglia |
⚫ | |||
− | |bilateral basal ganglia |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[Trypanosoma cruzi]] |
|[[Trypanosoma cruzi]] |
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|[[Chagas disease]] |
|[[Chagas disease]] |
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− | |contrast-enhancing hypointense T1 lesions with edema on T2 |
+ | |contrast-enhancing hypointense T1 lesions involving only the parietal and frontal lobes, with edema on T2 |
+ | | |
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− | |parietal and frontal lobes only |
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|- |
|- |
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! colspan="4" |Metazoa: Trematodes |
! colspan="4" |Metazoa: Trematodes |
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|- |
|- |
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− | |[[Paragonimus |
+ | |[[Paragonimus]] |
|Paragonimiasis |
|Paragonimiasis |
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− | |inflammatory changes surrounding clusters of contrast-enhancing lesions |
+ | |inflammatory changes surrounding clusters of contrast-enhancing lesions, most commonly in the frontal and temporal gray and white matter |
+ | | |
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− | |frontal and temporal gray and white matter most common |
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|- |
|- |
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− | |[[Schistosoma |
+ | |[[Schistosoma]] |
|[[Schistosomiasis]] |
|[[Schistosomiasis]] |
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− | |central linear enhancement, clustered with arborized appearance |
+ | |central linear enhancement, clustered with arborized appearance, and commonly involves spinal cord with [[Schistosoma haematobium]] |
+ | | |
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− | |can include spinal cord, especially with [[Schistosoma haematobium]] |
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|- |
|- |
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! colspan="4" |Metazoa: Cestodes |
! colspan="4" |Metazoa: Cestodes |
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|[[Echinococcus granulosus]] |
|[[Echinococcus granulosus]] |
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|Intracranial hydatidosis |
|Intracranial hydatidosis |
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− | |multiple thin-walled, large, round cysts, or one large cyst with smaller surrounding cysts |
+ | |multiple thin-walled, large, round cysts, or one large cyst with smaller surrounding cysts, most commonly in the parietal lobe |
+ | | |
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− | |parietal most common |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[Echinococcus multilocularis]] |
|[[Echinococcus multilocularis]] |
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|Alveolar hydatid disease |
|Alveolar hydatid disease |
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|contrast-enhancing round, solid lesions with surrounding edema on T2 |
|contrast-enhancing round, solid lesions with surrounding edema on T2 |
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− | | |
+ | | |
|- |
|- |
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|[[Taenia solium]] |
|[[Taenia solium]] |
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|- |
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− | |[[Taenia |
+ | |[[Taenia]] |
|[[Coenurosis]] |
|[[Coenurosis]] |
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|- |
|- |
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− | |[[Spirometra |
+ | |[[Spirometra]] |
|[[Sparganosis]] |
|[[Sparganosis]] |
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− | |T2 edema, sometimes with T1 mass or linear or curvilinear contrast-enhancing lesions |
+ | |T2 edema, sometimes with T1 mass or linear or curvilinear contrast-enhancing lesions, most commonly involving frontal and parietal lobes |
+ | | |
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− | |frontal and parietal lobes most common |
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|- |
|- |
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! colspan="4" |Metazoa: Nematodes |
! colspan="4" |Metazoa: Nematodes |
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|- |
|- |
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− | |[[Gnathostoma |
+ | |[[Gnathostoma]] |
|[[Gnathostomiasis]] |
|[[Gnathostomiasis]] |
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|- |
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− | |[[Toxocara |
+ | |[[Toxocara]] |
|[[Toxocariasis]] |
|[[Toxocariasis]] |
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|- |
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− | |[[Lagochilascaris |
+ | |[[Lagochilascaris]] |
|[[Lagochilascariasis]] |
|[[Lagochilascariasis]] |
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|} |
|} |
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+ | |||
− | <br /> |
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+ | == Further Reading == |
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+ | |||
+ | * Parasitic diseases of the central nervous system: lessons for clinicians and policy makers. ''Expert Rev Neurother''. 2016;16(4): 401–414. doi: [https://doi.org/10.1586/14737175.2016.1155454 10.1586/14737175.2016.1155454] |
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+ | |||
[[Category:Parasites]] |
[[Category:Parasites]] |
Latest revision as of 16:11, 12 February 2022
Differential Diagnosis
Parasite | Disease | Lesion | Clinical Clues |
---|---|---|---|
Protozoa | |||
Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba | Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis | single or multiple ring-enhancing lesions in the gray and white matter with surrounding edema and mass effect | exposure to warm water |
Leishmania | Leishmaniasis | travel to endemic country | |
Microsporidia | Microsporidiasis | ||
Naegleria fowleri | Primary amebic meningoencephalitis | global edema, stroke, and elevated intracranial pressure, most commonly in the base of the brain | exposure to warm water, rapid progression |
Plasmodium | Malaria | ||
Toxoplasma gondii | Toxoplasmosis | ||
Trypanosoma brucei | African trypanosomiasis | diffuse hyperintensity on T1 usually involving bilateral basal ganglia | |
Trypanosoma cruzi | Chagas disease | contrast-enhancing hypointense T1 lesions involving only the parietal and frontal lobes, with edema on T2 | |
Metazoa: Trematodes | |||
Paragonimus | Paragonimiasis | inflammatory changes surrounding clusters of contrast-enhancing lesions, most commonly in the frontal and temporal gray and white matter | |
Schistosoma | Schistosomiasis | central linear enhancement, clustered with arborized appearance, and commonly involves spinal cord with Schistosoma haematobium | |
Metazoa: Cestodes | |||
Echinococcus granulosus | Intracranial hydatidosis | multiple thin-walled, large, round cysts, or one large cyst with smaller surrounding cysts, most commonly in the parietal lobe | |
Echinococcus multilocularis | Alveolar hydatid disease | contrast-enhancing round, solid lesions with surrounding edema on T2 | |
Taenia solium | Neurocysticercosis | single or multiple ring-enhancing lesions, with calcifications if older | |
Taenia | Coenurosis | ||
Spirometra | Sparganosis | T2 edema, sometimes with T1 mass or linear or curvilinear contrast-enhancing lesions, most commonly involving frontal and parietal lobes | |
Metazoa: Nematodes | |||
Gnathostoma | Gnathostomiasis | ||
Angiostrongylus cantonensis | Angiostrongyliasis | ||
Toxocara | Toxocariasis | ||
Strongyloides stercoralis | Strongyloidiasis | ||
multiple | Filariasis | ||
Baylisascaris procyonis | Baylisascariasis | ||
Dracuncula medinensis | Dracunculiasis | ||
Dicrocoelium dendriticum | Dicrocoeliasis | ||
Lagochilascaris | Lagochilascariasis |
Further Reading
- Parasitic diseases of the central nervous system: lessons for clinicians and policy makers. Expert Rev Neurother. 2016;16(4): 401–414. doi: 10.1586/14737175.2016.1155454