Trematodes: Difference between revisions
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== |
==Background== |
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==== |
====Microbiology==== |
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*Trematodes (flukes) are platyhelminths |
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*All have an intermediate snail host, and most have a second intermediate host before reaching humans via ingestion of the intermediate |
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{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
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|[[Schistosoma haematobium]] |
|[[Schistosoma haematobium]] |
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|[[Bulinus |
|[[Bulinus]] |
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| rowspan="5" |none; penetrates skin |
| rowspan="5" |none; penetrates skin |
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|Africa and the Middle East |
|Africa and the Middle East |
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|- |
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|[[Schistosoma intercalatum]] |
|[[Schistosoma intercalatum]] |
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|[[Bulinus |
|[[Bulinus]] |
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|Central and West Africa |
|Central and West Africa |
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|- |
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|[[Schistosoma japonicum]] |
|[[Schistosoma japonicum]] |
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|[[Oncomelania |
|[[Oncomelania]] |
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|Asia |
|Asia |
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|- |
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|[[Schistosoma mansoni]] |
|[[Schistosoma mansoni]] |
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|[[Biomphalaria |
|[[Biomphalaria]] |
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|Africa, the Middle East, and South America |
|Africa, the Middle East, and South America |
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|- |
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|[[Schistosoma mekongi]] |
|[[Schistosoma mekongi]] |
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|[[Neotricula |
|[[Neotricula]] |
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|Southeast Asia |
|Southeast Asia |
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|[[Heterphyes heterophyes]] |
|[[Heterphyes heterophyes]] |
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|fresh-/brackish-water fish |
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|fish |
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|Middle and Far East |
|Middle and Far East |
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! colspan="4" |Liver flukes |
! colspan="4" |Liver flukes |
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|[[Clonorchis sinensis]] |
|[[Clonorchis sinensis]] (Chinese liver fluke) |
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|fish |
|fish |
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|China, South Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and eastern Russia; common |
|China, South Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and eastern Russia; common |
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|[[Dicrocoelium dendriticum]] (lancet liver fluke) |
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|[[Fasciola gigantica]] |
|[[Fasciola gigantica]] |
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|Africa, Hawaii, western Pacific, Southeast Asia |
|Africa, Hawaii, western Pacific, Southeast Asia |
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|[[Fasciola hepatica]] |
|[[Fasciola hepatica]] (sheep liver fluke) |
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|[[Lymnaea |
|[[Lymnaea]] |
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|underwater vegetation, especially watercress |
|underwater vegetation, especially watercress |
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|Bolivia and Peru, but also Europe, South America, and Middle East, near sheep rearing areas |
|Bolivia and Peru, but also Europe, South America, and Middle East, near sheep rearing areas |
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| ⚫ | |||
|[[Metorchis conjunctus]] (Canadian liver fluke) |
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|[[Opisthorchis felineus]] |
|[[Opisthorchis felineus]] |
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|Western Europe and Siberia |
|Western Europe and Siberia |
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|[[Opisthorchis viverrini]] |
|[[Opisthorchis viverrini]] (Southeast Asian liver fluke) |
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|freshwater fish |
|freshwater fish |
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|[[Paragonimus westermani]] |
|[[Paragonimus westermani]] |
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|[[Semisulcospira |
|[[Semisulcospira]] |
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|seafood, especially crayfish or crab |
|seafood, especially crayfish or crab |
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|China, Japan, |
|China, Japan, Korea, the Philippines, and Thailand |
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[[Category:Helminths]] |
[[Category:Helminths]] |
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Latest revision as of 02:52, 8 February 2022
Background
Microbiology
- Trematodes (flukes) are platyhelminths
- All have an intermediate snail host, and most have a second intermediate host before reaching humans via ingestion of the intermediate
| Organism | First intermediate | Second intermediate | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blood flukes | |||
| Schistosoma haematobium | Bulinus | none; penetrates skin | Africa and the Middle East |
| Schistosoma intercalatum | Bulinus | Central and West Africa | |
| Schistosoma japonicum | Oncomelania | Asia | |
| Schistosoma mansoni | Biomphalaria | Africa, the Middle East, and South America | |
| Schistosoma mekongi | Neotricula | Southeast Asia | |
| Intestinal flukes | |||
| Echinostoma ilocanum | snails and fish | Middle and Far East | |
| Fasciolopsis buski | water vegetables, especially watercress, bamboo, and water chestnuts | China, Thailand, India, Bangladesh, with pig reservoir | |
| Heterphyes heterophyes | fresh-/brackish-water fish | Middle and Far East | |
| Metagonimus yokogawai | fish | Middle and Far East | |
| Liver flukes | |||
| Clonorchis sinensis (Chinese liver fluke) | fish | China, South Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and eastern Russia; common | |
| Dicrocoelium dendriticum (lancet liver fluke) | |||
| Fasciola gigantica | underwater vegetation | Africa, Hawaii, western Pacific, Southeast Asia | |
| Fasciola hepatica (sheep liver fluke) | Lymnaea | underwater vegetation, especially watercress | Bolivia and Peru, but also Europe, South America, and Middle East, near sheep rearing areas |
| Metorchis conjunctus (Canadian liver fluke) | |||
| Opisthorchis felineus | Western Europe and Siberia | ||
| Opisthorchis viverrini (Southeast Asian liver fluke) | freshwater fish | Southeast Asia | |
| Lung flukes | |||
| Paragonimus westermani | Semisulcospira | seafood, especially crayfish or crab | China, Japan, Korea, the Philippines, and Thailand |
