Parasitic brain infections: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 02:05, 3 December 2020
Differential Diagnosis
| Parasite | Disease | Lesion | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Protozoa | |||
| Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba species | Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis | single or multiple ring-enhancing lesions with surrounding edema and mass effect | gray and white matter |
| Leishmania species | Leishmaniasis | ||
| Microsporidia species | Microsporidiasis | ||
| Naegleria fowleri | Primary amebic meningoencephalitis | global edema, stroke, and elevated intracranial pressure | base of brain most common |
| Plasmodium species | Malaria | ||
| Toxoplasma gondii | Toxoplasmosis | ||
| Trypanosoma brucei | African trypanosomiasis | diffuse hyperintensity on T1 | bilateral basal ganglia |
| Trypanosoma cruzi | Chagas disease | contrast-enhancing hypointense T1 lesions with edema on T2 | parietal and frontal lobes only |
| Metazoa: Trematodes | |||
| Paragonimus species | Paragonimiasis | inflammatory changes surrounding clusters of contrast-enhancing lesions | frontal and temporal gray and white matter most common |
| Schistosoma species | Schistosomiasis | central linear enhancement, clustered with arborized appearance | can include spinal cord, especially with Schistosoma haematobium |
| Metazoa: Cestodes | |||
| Echinococcus granulosus | Intracranial hydatidosis | multiple thin-walled, large, round cysts, or one large cyst with smaller surrounding cysts | parietal most common |
| Echinococcus multilocularis | Alveolar hydatid disease | contrast-enhancing round, solid lesions with surrounding edema on T2 | any |
| Taenia solium | Neurocysticercosis | single or multiple ring-enhancing lesions, with calcifications if older | |
| Taenia species | Coenurosis | ||
| Spirometra species | Sparganosis | T2 edema, sometimes with T1 mass or linear or curvilinear contrast-enhancing lesions | frontal and parietal lobes most common |
| Metazoa: Nematodes | |||
| Gnathostoma species | Gnathostomiasis | ||
| Angiostrongylus cantonensis | Angiostrongyliasis | ||
| Toxocara species | Toxocariasis | ||
| Strongyloides stercoralis | Strongyloidiasis | ||
| multiple | Filariasis | ||
| Baylisascaris procyonis | Baylisascariasis | ||
| Dracuncula medinensis | Dracunculiasis | ||
| Dicrocoelium dendriticum | Dicrocoeliasis | ||
| Lagochilascaris species | Lagochilascariasis | ||
