Parasites: Difference between revisions

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== Single-celled (protozoa) ==
== Single-celled (protozoa) ==
* '''Amoebae'''
* Intestinal
** Obligate parasites
** Amoeba
*** ''[[Entamoeba histolytica]]''
*** ''[[Entamoeba histolytica]]''
*** Non-pathogenic: other [[Entamoeba species]]
** Flagellates
** Facultative parasites (that are also free-living)
*** ''[[Giardia]]''
*** [[Naegleria fowleri]]: causes [[primary amoebic meningoencephalitis]]
** "Coccidia" (not a microbiologically-sound category)
*** [[Balamuthia mandrillaris]]: causes [[granulomatous amoebic encephalitis]]
*** ''[[Cryptosporidium]]''
*** [[Acanthamoeba species]]: causes [[granulomatous amoebic encephalitis]] and [[amoebic keratitis]]
*** ''[[Cyclospora]]''
*** ''[[Isospora]]''
* '''Flagellates'''
** Non-kinetoplastic gut flagellates
** Ciliated
*** Pathogenic: [[Giardia lamblia]] and [[Dientamoeba fragilis]]
*** ''[[Balantidium coli]]''
*** Non-pathogenic: [[Chilomastix mesnili]]
* Blood
** Non-kinetoplastic blood and tissue flagellates
** ''[[Plasmodium]]''
*** Pathogenic: [[Trichomonas vaginalis]]
** ''[[Babesia]]''
*** Non-pathogenic: [[Trichomonas tenax]] and [[Pentatrichomonas hominis]]
* Tissue
** Kinetoplastic flagellates: flagellated protozoa with DNA inside large mitochondria at one end
** Brain
*** ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]''
*** [[Trypanosoma species]]
**** [[Trypanosoma cruzii]]: causes [[American trypanosomiasis]]
*** Free-living amoebae
**** [[Trypanosoma brucei]]: causes [[human African trypanosomiasis]]
**** ''[[Naegleria fowleri]]''
***** [[Trypanosoma brucei]] subsp. gambiense: causes [[West African trypanosomiasis]]
**** ''[[Balamuthia mandrillaris]]''
***** [[Trypanosoma brucei]] subsp. rhodesiense: causes [[East African trypanosomiasis]]
** Muscle
***** Other subspecies have case reports of causing human disease
*** ''[[Sarcocystis]]''
*** [[Leishmania species]]
** Kinetoplasts: flagellated protozoa with DNA inside large mitochondria at one end
**** Old World, visceralizing: ''L. infantum'', ''L. donovani'' (in India)
*** [[Chagas]]
**** Old World, tegumentary: ''L. infantum'', ''L. donovani'' (Sri Lanka), ''L. major'', ''L. tropica''
*** [[Human African trypanosomiasis]]
**** New World, visceralizing: ''L. chagasi'' (genetically identical to ''L. infantum'')
*** [[Leishmaniasis]]
**** New World, tegumentary:
***** Viannia group (should be treated systemically): ''L. braziliensis'', ''L. panamensis'', ''L. guyanensis''
***** Leishmania group (may need only local treatment): ''L. mexicana''
* '''Apicomplexa''' (sexual reproduction)
** Hemosporidia
*** [[Plasmodium species]]
*** [[Babesia species]]
** Coccidia (not a microbiologically-sound category)
*** Blood and tissue: [[Toxoplasma gondii]]
*** Gut: [[Cryptosporidium species]], [[Cyclospora species]], [[Cystoisopora species]]
*** Both: [[Sarcocystis species]]
* '''Ciliates'''
** ''[[Balantidium coli]]''


== Multicellular (helminths) ==
== Multicellular (helminths) ==

Revision as of 18:47, 2 December 2019

  • Eukaryotic single- or multi-cellular organisms

Single-celled (protozoa)

Multicellular (helminths)

Ectoparasites