Pseudomembranous colitis: Difference between revisions

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Background

Endoscopic finding of elevated yellow-white nodules or plaques that form pseudomembranes on the colonic mucosa

Etiologies

Infectious

Bacterial
- Clostridioides difficile, the most common association by far
- Clostridium ramosum
- Escherichia coli O157:H7
- Klebsiella oxytoca
- Plesiomonas shigelloides
- Salmonella enterica
- Shigella
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Yersinia enterocolitica
Parasitic
Viral
- Cytomegalovirus

Non-Infectious

Non-infectious colitis
Medications
- Alosetron
- Cisplatin
- Cocaine
- Cyclosporine A
- Dextroamphetamine
- Docetaxel
- 5-fluorouracil
- Gold
- Gluteraldehyde
- NSAIDs
- Paraquat

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-== Background ==
+==Background==
+* Endoscopic finding of elevated yellow-white nodules or plaques that form pseudomembranes on the colonic mucosa
-=== Etiologies ===
-==== Infectious ====
+===Etiologies===
+====Infectious====
-* Bacterial
-** [[Clostridiodes difficile]], the most common association
-** [[Clostridium ramosum]]
-** [[Escherichia coli]] O157:H7
-** [[Klebsiella oxytoca]]
-** [[Plesiomonas shigelloides]]
-** [[Salmonella enterica]]
-** [[Shigella species]]
-** [[Staphylococcus aureus]]
-** [[Yersinia enterocolitica]]
-* Parasitic
-** [[Entamoeba histolytica]]
-** [[Schistosoma mansoni]]
-** [[Strongyloides stercoralis]]
-* Viral
-** [[Cytomegalovirus]]
+*Bacterial
-==== Non-Infectious ====
+**[[Clostridioides difficile|'''Clostridioides difficile''']], the most common association by far
+**[[Clostridium ramosum]]
+**[[Escherichia coli]] O157:H7
+**[[Klebsiella oxytoca]]
+**[[Plesiomonas shigelloides]]
+**[[Salmonella enterica]]
+**[[Shigella]]
+**[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
+**[[Yersinia enterocolitica]]
+*Parasitic
+**[[Entamoeba histolytica]]
+**[[Schistosoma mansoni]]
+**[[Strongyloides stercoralis]]
+*Viral
+**[[Cytomegalovirus]]
+====Non-Infectious====
-* Non-infectious colitis
-** [[Behçet disease]]
-** [[Collagenous colitis]]
+*Non-infectious colitis
-** [[Inflammatory bowel disease]]
+**[[Behçet disease]]
-** [[Ischemic colitis]]
+**[[Collagenous colitis]]
+**[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]
-* Medications
-** [[Alosetron]]
+**[[Ischemic colitis]]
+*Medications
-** [[Cisplatin]]
-** [[Cocaine]]
+**[[Alosetron]]
-** [[Cyclosporine A]]
+**[[Cisplatin]]
-** [[Dextroamphetamine]]
+**[[Cocaine]]
-** [[Docetaxel]]
+**[[Cyclosporine A]]
-** [[5-fluorouracil]]
+**[[Dextroamphetamine]]
-** [[Gold]]
+**[[Docetaxel]]
-** [[Gluteraldehyde]]
+**[[5-fluorouracil]]
-** [[NSAIDs]]
+**[[Gold]]
-** [[Paraquat]]
+**[[Gluteraldehyde]]
+**[[NSAIDs]]
+**[[Paraquat]]
+== Further Reading ==
+* Pseudomembranous colitis. ''Dis Mon.'' 2015 May;61(5):181-206. doi: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.disamonth.2015.01.006 10.1016/j.disamonth.2015.01.006]. PMID: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25769243/ 25769243]; PMCID: [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4402243/ PMC4402243].
 [[Category:Gastrointestinal infections]]