Cavitary lung lesion: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 17:48, 5 January 2024

Differential Diagnosis

Immunocompetent Hosts

Infectious
- Necrotizing infections
  - Bacterial lung abscess
    - Common bacteria: anaerobes ± aerobic or microaerophilic streptococci
    - Other bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Legionella, Haemophilus influenzae type B, Nocardia, Actinomyces, Burkholderia pseudomallei
  - Mycobacteria: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, non-tuberculous mycobacteria
  - Fungi: Aspergillus, Coccidioides, Histoplasma, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Cryptococcus, Mucorales, Pneumocystis jirovecii
  - Parasites: Entamoeba histolytica, Paragonimus westermani
- Empyema with air-fluid level (i.e. hydropneumothorax)
- Septic pulmonary emboli
Non-infectious
- Malignancy, including primary lung cancer and lung metastases; squamous cell lung cancer in particular has a high rate of necrotizing cavitations
- Pulmonary embolism with infarction
- Vasculitis, including granulomatosis with polyangiitis
- Neoplasm
- Pulmonary sequestration
- Bullae or cysts with air-fluid level
- Bronchiectasis
- Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
- Sarcoidosis
- Rheumatoid nodules
- Pulmonary Langerhans histiocytosis
- Foreign body aspiration

Immunocompromised Hosts

Common
- Bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacterales, Nocardia, anaerobes and microaerophilic streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus
- Mycobacteria: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium kansasii
- Fungi: Cryptococcus, Aspergillus, Histoplasma capsulatum
Less common
- Bacteria: Rhodococcus hoagii, Legionella
- Mycobacteria: Mycobacterium avium complex, non-tuberculous mycobacteria
- Fungi: Mucorales, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Pneumocystis jirovecii

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-== Differential Diagnosis ==
+==Differential Diagnosis==
+===Immunocompetent Hosts===
-* Infectious
-** Necrotizing infections
+*Infectious
-*** Bacterial [[lung abscess]]
+**Necrotizing infections
-**** Common bacteria: [[anaerobes]] ± aerobic or microaerophilic streptococci
+***'''Bacterial [[lung abscess]]'''
-**** Other bacteria: [[Staphylococcus aureus]], [[Klebsiella pneumoniae]], [[Enterobacterales]], [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]], [[Legionella species]], [[Haemophilus influenzae]] type B, [[Nocardia species]], [[Actinomyces species]], [[Burkholderia pseudomallei]]
+****Common bacteria: [[anaerobes]] ± aerobic or microaerophilic streptococci
-*** Mycobacteria: [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]], [[non-tuberculous mycobacteria]]
-*** Fungi: [[Aspergillus species]], [[Coccidioides species]], [[Histoplasma species]], [[Blastomyces dermatitidis]], [[Cryptococcus species]], [[Mucorales]], [[Pneumocystis jirovecii]]
+****Other bacteria: [[Staphylococcus aureus]], [[Klebsiella pneumoniae]], [[Enterobacterales]], [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]], [[Legionella]], [[Haemophilus influenzae]] type B, [[Nocardia]], [[Actinomyces]], [[Burkholderia pseudomallei]]
-*** Parasites: [[Entamoeba histolytica]], [[Paragonimus westermani]]
+***Mycobacteria: [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]], [[non-tuberculous mycobacteria]]
+***Fungi: [[Aspergillus]], [[Coccidioides]], [[Histoplasma]], [[Blastomyces dermatitidis]], [[Cryptococcus]], [[Mucorales]], [[Pneumocystis jirovecii]]
-** [[Empyema]] with air-fluid level (i.e. hydropneumothorax)
+***Parasites: [[Entamoeba histolytica]], [[Paragonimus westermani]]
-** Septic pulmonary emboli
+**[[Empyema]] with air-fluid level (i.e. hydropneumothorax)
-* Non-infectious
+**Septic pulmonary emboli
-** [[Pulmonary embolism]] with infarction
+*Non-infectious
-** Vasculitis, including [[granulomatosis with polyangiitis]]
+**Malignancy, including primary [[lung cancer]] and [[lung metastases]]; [[squamous cell lung cancer]] in particular has a high rate of necrotizing cavitations
-** [[Neoplasm]]
-** Pulmonary sequestration
+**[[Pulmonary embolism]] with infarction
+**Vasculitis, including [[granulomatosis with polyangiitis]]
-** Bullae or cysts with air-fluid level
-** [[Bronchiectasis]]
+**[[Neoplasm]]
+**Pulmonary sequestration
-** [[Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia]]
+**Bullae or cysts with air-fluid level
-** [[Sarcoidosis]]
-** [[Rheumatoid nodules]]
+**[[Bronchiectasis]]
+**[[Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia]]
-** Pulmonary [[Langerhans histiocytosis]]
+**[[Sarcoidosis]]
-** Foreign body aspiration
+**[[Rheumatoid nodules]]
+**Pulmonary [[Langerhans histiocytosis]]
+**Foreign body aspiration
+===Immunocompromised Hosts===
+*Common
+**Bacteria: [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]], [[Enterobacterales]], [[Nocardia]], [[anaerobes]] and microaerophilic streptococci, [[Staphylococcus aureus]]
+**Mycobacteria: [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]], [[Mycobacterium kansasii]]
+**Fungi: [[Cryptococcus]], [[Aspergillus]], [[Histoplasma capsulatum]]
+*Less common
+**Bacteria: [[Rhodococcus hoagii]], [[Legionella]]
+**Mycobacteria: [[Mycobacterium avium complex]], [[non-tuberculous mycobacteria]]
+**Fungi: [[Mucorales]], [[Blastomyces dermatitidis]], [[Pneumocystis jirovecii]]
 [[Category:Respiratory infections]]