Urine drug testing: Difference between revisions
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!False positives |
!False positives |
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|Alcohol |
|[[Alcohol]] |
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|Short-chain alcohols (e.g. isopropyl alcohol) |
|Short-chain alcohols (e.g. [[isopropyl alcohol]]) |
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|Amphetamines |
|[[Amphetamines]] |
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|Amantadine<br />Benzphetamine<br />Bupropion<br />Chlorpomazine<br />Clobenzorex<br />l-Deprenyl<br />Desipramine<br />Dextroamphetamine<br />Ephedrine<br />Fenproporex<br />Isometheptene<br />Isoxsuprine<br />Labetalol<br />MDMA<br />Methamphetamine<br />Methylphenidate<br />Phentermine<br />Phenylephrine<br />Phenylpropanolamine<br />Protethazine<br />Pseudoephedrine<br />Ranitidine<br />Ritodrine<br />Selegiline<br />Thioridazine<br />Trazodone<br />Trimethobenzamide<br />Trimipramine |
|[[Amantadine]]<br />[[Benzphetamine]]<br />[[Bupropion]]<br />[[Chlorpomazine]]<br />[[Clobenzorex]]<br />[[l-Deprenyl]]<br />[[Desipramine]]<br />[[Dextroamphetamine]]<br />[[Ephedrine]]<br />[[Fenproporex]]<br />[[Isometheptene]]<br />[[Isoxsuprine]]<br />[[Labetalol]]<br />[[MDMA]]<br />[[Methamphetamine]]<br />[[Methylphenidate]]<br />[[Phentermine]]<br />[[Phenylephrine]]<br />[[Phenylpropanolamine]]<br />[[Protethazine]]<br />[[Pseudoephedrine]]<br />[[Ranitidine]]<br />[[Ritodrine]]<br />[[Selegiline]]<br />[[Thioridazine]]<br />[[Trazodone]]<br />[[Trimethobenzamide]]<br />[[Trimipramine]] |
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|Benzodiazepines |
|[[Benzodiazepines]] |
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|Oxaprozin<br />Setraline |
|[[Oxaprozin]]<br />[[Setraline]] |
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|Cannabinoids |
|[[Cannabinoids]] |
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|Dronabinol<br />Efavirenz<br />Hemp-containing foods<br />NSAIDs<br />Proton pump inhibitors<br />Tolmetin |
|[[Dronabinol]]<br />[[Efavirenz]]<br />[[Hemp-containing foods]]<br />[[NSAIDs]]<br />[[Proton pump inhibitors]]<br />[[Tolmetin]] |
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|Cocaine |
|[[Cocaine]] |
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|Coca leaf tea<br />Topical anesthetics containing cocaine |
|[[Coca leaf tea]]<br />Topical anesthetics containing cocaine |
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|Opioids, opiates, and heroin |
|[[Opioids]], [[opiates]], and [[heroin]] |
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|Dextromethorphan<br />Diphenhydramine<br />Heroin<br />Opiates (codeine, hydromorphone, hydrocodone, morphine)<br />Poppy seeds<br />Quinine<br />Quinolones<br />Rifampin<br />Verapamil and metabolites |
|[[Dextromethorphan]]<br />[[Diphenhydramine]]<br />[[Heroin]]<br />[[Opiates]] ([[codeine]], [[hydromorphone]], [[hydrocodone]], [[morphine]])<br />Poppy seeds<br />[[Quinine]]<br />[[Quinolones]]<br />[[Rifampin]]<br />[[Verapamil]] and metabolites |
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|Phencyclidine |
|[[Phencyclidine]] |
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|Dextromethorphan<br />Diphenhydramine<br />Doxylamine<br />Ibuprofen<br />Imipramine<br />Ketamine<br />Meperidine<br />Mesoridazine<br />Thioridazine<br />Tramadol<br />Venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine |
|[[Dextromethorphan]]<br />[[Diphenhydramine]]<br />[[Doxylamine]]<br />[[Ibuprofen]]<br />[[Imipramine]]<br />[[Ketamine]]<br />[[Meperidine]]<br />[[Mesoridazine]]<br />[[Thioridazine]]<br />[[Tramadol]]<br />[[Venlafaxine]] and [[desvenlafaxine]] |
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|TCAs |
|[[TCAs]] |
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|Carbamazepine<br />Cyclobenzaprine<br />Cyproheptadine<br />Diphenhydramine<br />Hydroxyzine<br />Quetiapine |
|[[Carbamazepine]]<br />[[Cyclobenzaprine]]<br />[[Cyproheptadine]]<br />[[Diphenhydramine]]<br />[[Hydroxyzine]]<br />[[Quetiapine]] |
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Revision as of 13:39, 28 September 2023
Indications
- May be used as a baseline for patients being considered for trial of opioids for chronic pain
- Regular testing is done for patient on opioid agonist therapy to monitor for adherence, validate patient-reported use, and detect coingested substances like benzodiazepines that may affect safety
Immunoassays
- Immunoassays are cheap and fast, but are subject to cross-reactivity
- Window of detection for most metabolites is 1 to 3 days
- An initial 5-panel IA tests for amphetamines, cocaine, benzodiazepines (though not clonazepam), opiates, and methadone
- Validity is best when the urine temperature is 90 to 100ºF (within 4 minutes of voiding), urine pH 4.5 to 8, and urinary creatinine ≥20 mg/dL (if <5 mg/dL, it's not urine)
