| Drug
|
Target
|
Effect
|
Infections
|
| alemtuzumab
|
CD52
|
depletes T and B cells
|
herpesviruses, especially CMV and EBV, BK virus, PML, Pneumocystis, Cryptococcus, dimorphic fungi
|
| rituximab
|
CD20
|
depletes B cells
|
HBV reactivation, PML, Pneumocystis
|
| antithymocyte globulin
|
CD3
|
depletes T cells
|
herpesviruses, especially CMV and EBV, BK virus, Pneumocystis, Cryptococcus, dimorphic fungi
|
| corticosteroids
|
multiple
|
multiple
|
LTBI reactivation, herpesviruses (especially HSV/VZV), Candida, Pneumocystis, dimorphic fungi, invasive fungal infection
|
| adalimumab
|
TNF-α
|
|
intracellular organisms, including tuberculosis, non-tuberculous mycobacteria, Aspergillus, dimorphic fungi, Pneumocystis, Cryptococcus, Candida, hepatitis B, human herpesviruses (especially HSV and VZV), Strongyloides stercoralis, Legionella, Nocardia, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus septic arthritis, Leishmania, Plasmodium, Babesia, Strongyloides
|
| infliximab
|
| golimumab
|
| etanercept
|
| anakinra
|
IL-1
|
prevents cytokines from activating B and T cells
|
LTBI reactivation
|
| canakinumab
|
| rilonacept
|
| basiliximab
|
CD-25
|
block IL-2 receptor, preventing activation of T, B, and NK cells
|
human herpesviruses
|
| daclizumab
|
| tocilizumab
|
IL-6
|
prevents cytokine production
|
LTBI reactivation, Candida, Aspergillus, Pneumocystis, dimorphic fungi, human herpesviruses
|
| abatacept
|
CD28
|
blocks APCs from binding T cells
|
EBV, PML, CMV, Pneumocystis, LTBI reactivation, hepatitis B reactivation, malignancies (lymphoma, lung cancer, and skin cancer)
|
| belatacept
|
| natalizumab
|
integrin
|
inhibits T cell migration
|
|
| vedolizumab
|
| eculizumab
|
C5
|
inhibits terminal complement
|
severe Neisseria meningitidis infections, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae
|
| ustekinumab
|
IL-12 and IL-23
|
inhibits cytokines
|
|
