Granulomatous lung disease

Etiologies

• See also Granulomatous disease
• Infections
  • Mycobacteria: tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria
  • Fungi: Cryptococcus, Coccidioides, Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Aspergillus
  • Aspiration pneumonia
  • Other: syphilis, Hansen disease, tumaremia, cat scratch disease, parasites, Whipple disease
• Non-infectious
  • Inflammatory: sarcoidosis, necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis, bronchocentric granulomatosis, inflammatory bowel disease
  • Exposures: hypersensitivity pneumonitis, drugs (methotrexate, interferon, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, infliximab, etanercept, leflunomide, mesalamine and sirolimus), hot tub lung, berylliosis, talc, aluminum, zirconium, foreign body reaction
  • Vasculitis: granulomatosis with polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
  • Autoimmune: rheumatoid arthritis
  • Malignancy: sarcoid-like lesion, lymphomatoid granulomatosis
  • Other: Langerhans cell histiocytosis, granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease

Further Reading

• Differential diagnosis of granulomatous lung disease: clues and pitfalls. Eur Resp Rev. 2017;26(145):170012. doi: 10.1183/16000617.0012-2017