Etiologies
- Pathologic capillaritis (most common), caused by pulmonary inflammation
- Primary small-vessel vasculitis: GPA, EGPA, MPA, isolated pauci-immune pulmonary capillaritis, idiopathic pauci-immune glomerulonephritis
- Primary immune complex-mediated vasculitis: Goodpasture syndrome, Henoch-Schönlein purpura
- Secondary vasculitis: SLE, RA, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, mixed connective tissue disease, polymyositis, dermatomyositis
- Essential cryoglobulinemia
- Behcet disease
- Acute lung transplantation rejection
- Autologous bone marrow transplantation
- Drug-induced, including chemotherapy, propylthiouracil
- No pathologic capillaritis (i.e. bland pulmonary hemorrhage, RBC leak without damage to the capillaries)
- Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis
- Coagulopathy, including anticoagulants, antiplatelets, thrombolytics, DIC
- Mitral stenosis and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease
- Inhalational injury, including isocyanates, crack cocaine, retinoic acid
- Goodpasture syndrome
- SLE
- Drug-induced, including amiodarone, penicillamine, nitrofurantoin
- Diffuse alveolar damage
- Bone marrow transplantation
- Inhalation
- Cytotoxic drug therapy
- Radiation therapy
- ARDS
- Infection
- Malignancy
- Embolism
Infections
