Zika virus: Difference between revisions

From IDWiki
No edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:
βˆ’
== Background ==
 +
==Background==
   
βˆ’
* Single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus in the [[Flaviviridae]] family, genus [[Flavivirus]]
 +
*Single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus in the [[Flaviviridae]] family, genus [[Flavivirus]]
βˆ’
* Discovered in 1947 in Zika Forest, Uganda
 +
*Discovered in 1947 in Zika Forest, Uganda
βˆ’
* Vector-borne infection carried primarily by [[Vector::Aedes aegypti]] mosquitoes, but possibly also [[Vector::Aedes albopictus]] mosquitoes
 +
*Vector-borne infection carried primarily by [[Vector::Aedes aegypti]] mosquitoes, but possibly also [[Vector::Aedes albopictus]] mosquitoes
βˆ’
* Sexual transmission appears to be possible
 +
*Sexual transmission appears to be possible
βˆ’
* Now essentially endemic in tropics worldwide
 +
*Now essentially endemic in tropics worldwide
   
 
==Clinical Manifestations==
  
==Clinical Manifestations==
Line 16: Line 16:
 
*With maternal infection, causes a congenital syndrome of CNS abnormalities including [[Causes::microcephaly]], intracranial calcifications, lissencephaly, pachygyria, and vision and hearing loss
  
*With maternal infection, causes a congenital syndrome of CNS abnormalities including [[Causes::microcephaly]], intracranial calcifications, lissencephaly, pachygyria, and vision and hearing loss
   
βˆ’
== Differential Diagnosis ==
 +
==Differential Diagnosis==
   
βˆ’
* [[Dengue]]
 +
*[[Dengue|Dengue virus]]
  +
*[[Chikungunya virus]]
   
  +
{| class="wikitable"
  +
!Feature
  +
![[Dengue]]
  +
!Zika
  +
![[Chikungunya]]
  +
|-
  +
|Asymptomatic
  +
|40-80%
  +
|35-85%
  +
|3-28%
  +
|-
  +
|Fever
  +
| +++
  +
| ++
  +
| +++
  +
|-
  +
|Rash
  +
| +
  +
| +++
  +
| ++
  +
|-
  +
|Conjunctivitis
  +
|–
  +
| ++
  +
| +
  +
|-
  +
|Arthralgia
  +
| +
  +
| ++
  +
| +++
  +
|-
  +
|Myalgia
  +
| ++
  +
| +
  +
| +
  +
|-
  +
|Headache
  +
| ++
  +
| +
  +
| ++
  +
|-
  +
|Hemorrhage
  +
| ++
  +
|–
  +
|–
  +
|-
  +
|Shock
  +
| +
  +
|–
  +
|–
  +
|-
  +
|Thrombocytopenia
  +
| +++
  +
| +
  +
|–
  +
|-
  +
|Leukopenia
  +
| ++
  +
|–
  +
| ++
  +
|}
 
==Investigations==
  
==Investigations==
   
Line 25: Line 87:
 
*Serology can be tested after 10 days of symptoms, but is non-specific
  
*Serology can be tested after 10 days of symptoms, but is non-specific
   
βˆ’
== Management ==
 +
==Management==
   
βˆ’
* Supportive
 +
*Supportive
βˆ’
* For risk of congenital disease
 +
*For risk of congenital disease
βˆ’
** If asymptomatic, no need to delay attempts at conception
 +
**If asymptomatic, no need to delay attempts at conception
βˆ’
** If symptomatic and diagnosis is confirmed, counsel to delay attempts at conception for 2 months (women) or 3 months (men) after return from the endemic area
 +
**If symptomatic and diagnosis is confirmed, counsel to delay attempts at conception for 2 months (women) or 3 months (men) after return from the endemic area
βˆ’
** If symptomatic and diagnosis is not confirmed, then discuss with the patient
 +
**If symptomatic and diagnosis is not confirmed, then discuss with the patient
βˆ’
** If the woman is pregnant and man has compatible symptoms, should abstain from unprotected sex for the duration of pregnancy
 +
**If the woman is pregnant and man has compatible symptoms, should abstain from unprotected sex for the duration of pregnancy
   
 
[[Category:Flaviviridae]]
  
[[Category:Flaviviridae]]

Revision as of 14:12, 22 August 2020

Background

  • Single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus in the Flaviviridae family, genus Flavivirus
  • Discovered in 1947 in Zika Forest, Uganda
  • Vector-borne infection carried primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, but possibly also Aedes albopictus mosquitoes
  • Sexual transmission appears to be possible
  • Now essentially endemic in tropics worldwide

Clinical Manifestations

  • 75% are asymptomatic
  • Incubation period of 3 to 14 days
  • Fever, rash, arthralgias, conjunctivitis, and headache
  • Usually self-limited, lasting around 5 days
  • Can have neurological disease in some cases, primarily presenting as Guillain-BarrΓ© syndrome
  • With maternal infection, causes a congenital syndrome of CNS abnormalities including microcephaly, intracranial calcifications, lissencephaly, pachygyria, and vision and hearing loss

Differential Diagnosis

Feature Dengue Zika Chikungunya
Asymptomatic 40-80% 35-85% 3-28%
Fever +++ ++ +++
Rash + +++ ++
Conjunctivitis – ++ +
Arthralgia + ++ +++
Myalgia ++ + +
Headache ++ + ++
Hemorrhage ++ – –
Shock + – –
Thrombocytopenia +++ + –
Leukopenia ++ – ++

Investigations

  • Serum rRT-PCR, ideally done within 10 days of symptoms onset
  • Serology can be tested after 10 days of symptoms, but is non-specific

Management

  • Supportive
  • For risk of congenital disease
    • If asymptomatic, no need to delay attempts at conception
    • If symptomatic and diagnosis is confirmed, counsel to delay attempts at conception for 2 months (women) or 3 months (men) after return from the endemic area
    • If symptomatic and diagnosis is not confirmed, then discuss with the patient
    • If the woman is pregnant and man has compatible symptoms, should abstain from unprotected sex for the duration of pregnancy
Retrieved from "https://idwiki.org/index.php?title=Zika_virus&oldid=6346"
Powered by MediaWiki
Powered by Semantic MediaWiki