Zika virus: Difference between revisions
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+ | == Background == |
| + | * Single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus in the [[Flaviviridae]] family, genus [[Flavivirus]] |
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| − | * History |
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| + | * Discovered in 1947 in Zika Forest, Uganda |
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| − | ** Fevers |
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| + | * Vector-borne infection carried primarily by [[Vector::Aedes aegypti]] mosquitoes, but possibly also [[Vector::Aedes albopictus]] mosquitoes |
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| − | ** Rash |
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| + | * Sexual transmission appears to be possible |
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| − | ** Arthralgias |
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| + | * Now essentially endemic in tropics worldwide |
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| − | * Signs & Symptoms |
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| + | ==Clinical Manifestations== |
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| + | *75% are asymptomatic |
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| − | * Labs |
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| + | *Incubation period of [[Usual incubation period::3 to 14 days]] |
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| − | ** Serum rRT-PCR |
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| + | *[[Causes::Fever]], [[Causes::rash]], [[Causes::arthralgias]], [[Causes::conjunctivitis]], and [[Causes::headache]] |
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| + | *Usually self-limited, lasting around 5 days |
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| + | *Can have neurological disease in some cases, primarily presenting as [[Causes::Guillain-Barré syndrome]] |
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| + | *With maternal infection, causes a congenital syndrome of CNS abnormalities including [[Causes::microcephaly]], intracranial calcifications, lissencephaly, pachygyria, and vision and hearing loss |
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| + | == Differential Diagnosis == |
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| + | |||
| + | * [[Dengue]] |
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| + | *Serum rRT-PCR, ideally done within 10 days of symptoms onset |
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| + | *Serology can be tested after 10 days of symptoms, but is non-specific |
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| + | == Management == |
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| + | * Supportive |
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| + | * For risk of congenital disease |
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| + | ** If asymptomatic, no need to delay attempts at conception |
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| + | ** If symptomatic and diagnosis is confirmed, counsel to delay attempts at conception for 2 months (women) or 3 months (men) after return from the endemic area |
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| + | ** If symptomatic and diagnosis is not confirmed, then discuss with the patient |
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| + | ** If the woman is pregnant and man has compatible symptoms, should abstain from unprotected sex for the duration of pregnancy |
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[[Category:Flaviviridae]] |
[[Category:Flaviviridae]] |
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Revision as of 11:04, 19 August 2020
Background
- Single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus in the Flaviviridae family, genus Flavivirus
- Discovered in 1947 in Zika Forest, Uganda
- Vector-borne infection carried primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, but possibly also Aedes albopictus mosquitoes
- Sexual transmission appears to be possible
- Now essentially endemic in tropics worldwide
Clinical Manifestations
- 75% are asymptomatic
- Incubation period of 3 to 14 days
- Fever, rash, arthralgias, conjunctivitis, and headache
- Usually self-limited, lasting around 5 days
- Can have neurological disease in some cases, primarily presenting as Guillain-Barré syndrome
- With maternal infection, causes a congenital syndrome of CNS abnormalities including microcephaly, intracranial calcifications, lissencephaly, pachygyria, and vision and hearing loss
Differential Diagnosis
Investigations
- Serum rRT-PCR, ideally done within 10 days of symptoms onset
- Serology can be tested after 10 days of symptoms, but is non-specific
Management
- Supportive
- For risk of congenital disease
- If asymptomatic, no need to delay attempts at conception
- If symptomatic and diagnosis is confirmed, counsel to delay attempts at conception for 2 months (women) or 3 months (men) after return from the endemic area
- If symptomatic and diagnosis is not confirmed, then discuss with the patient
- If the woman is pregnant and man has compatible symptoms, should abstain from unprotected sex for the duration of pregnancy
