Ventricular shunt infection: Difference between revisions
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| − | == |
+ | ==Background== |
| − | === |
+ | ===Microbiology=== |
| − | * |
+ | *[[Enterobacteriaceae]] |
| − | * |
+ | *[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]] |
| − | * |
+ | *[[Staphylococcus aureus]] |
| − | * |
+ | *[[Coagulase-negative staphylococci]] |
| − | * |
+ | *[[Candida species]] |
| − | === |
+ | ===Pathophysiology=== |
| − | * |
+ | *Four mechanisms of infection: |
| − | ** |
+ | **Colonization at time of surgery progressing to infection |
| − | ** |
+ | **Retrograde infection from distal end (for ventriculoperitoneal shunts) |
| − | ** |
+ | **Transcutaneous (erosion or manipulation) |
| − | ** |
+ | **Hematogenous spread (especially for ventriculoatrial shunts) |
| − | == |
+ | ==Clinical Manifestations== |
| − | * |
+ | *Headache, nausea, lethargy, and altered mental status |
| − | * |
+ | *May have erythema and tenderness over the tubing |
| − | * |
+ | *May have abdominal pain if peritoneal source for VP shunt |
| − | * |
+ | *Can present with isolated fever |
| + | |||
| + | == Further Reading == |
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| + | |||
| + | * 2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America's Clinical Practice Guidelines for Healthcare-Associated Ventriculitis and Meningitis. ''Clin Infect Dis''. 2017;64(6):e34-e65. doi: [https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw861 10.1093/cid/ciw861] |
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[[Category:Infectious diseases]] |
[[Category:Infectious diseases]] |
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Revision as of 17:52, 12 August 2020
Background
Microbiology
- Enterobacteriaceae
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Coagulase-negative staphylococci
- Candida species
Pathophysiology
- Four mechanisms of infection:
- Colonization at time of surgery progressing to infection
- Retrograde infection from distal end (for ventriculoperitoneal shunts)
- Transcutaneous (erosion or manipulation)
- Hematogenous spread (especially for ventriculoatrial shunts)
Clinical Manifestations
- Headache, nausea, lethargy, and altered mental status
- May have erythema and tenderness over the tubing
- May have abdominal pain if peritoneal source for VP shunt
- Can present with isolated fever
Further Reading
- 2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America's Clinical Practice Guidelines for Healthcare-Associated Ventriculitis and Meningitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64(6):e34-e65. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciw861
