Rickettsioses: Difference between revisions
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− | ! |
+ | !Species |
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+ | !Disease |
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+ | !Vector |
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+ | !Clinical Clues |
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− | ! colspan=4 | |
+ | ! colspan="4" |Rickettsiae: Spotted fever group |
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+ | |''[[Rickettsia rickettsii]]'' |
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+ | |Rocky Mountain spotted fever |
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+ | |Multiple ''[[Dermacentor]]'', ''[[Amblyomma]]'', and ''[[Rhipicephalus]]'' ticks |
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+ | |Centripetal rash without eschar in the Americas |
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+ | |''[[Rickettsia conorii]]'' |
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+ | |Boutonneuse fever, Mediterranean spotted fever |
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+ | |''[[Rhipicephalus sanguineus]]'' ticks |
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+ | |Rash with eschar, predominantly Mediterranean and Black Sea |
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+ | |''[[Rickettsia japonica]]'' |
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+ | |Oriental spotter fever |
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+ | |''[[Dermacentor]]'', ''[[Haemaphysalis]]'', or ''[[Ixodes]]'' ticks |
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+ | |Rash with eschar, acquired in Asia |
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+ | |''[[Rickettsia sibirica]] mongolitimonae'' |
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+ | | |
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+ | |[[Rhipicephalus sanguineus]] |
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+ | |Rash with eschar, acquired in Europe, Africa, or Asia |
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+ | |''[[Rickettsia sibirica]] sibirica'' |
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+ | | |
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+ | |''[[Dermacentor]]'' ticks |
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+ | |Rash with eschar, acquired in Asia or southern Russia |
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+ | |''[[Rickettsia australis]]'' |
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+ | | |
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+ | |''[[Ixodes]]'' ticks |
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+ | |Vesicular rash with eschar, acquired in Australia |
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+ | |''[[Rickettsia slovaca]]'' |
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+ | |Tick-borne lymphadenopathy |
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+ | |''[[Dermacentor marginatus]]'' |
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+ | |Eschar (often scalp) with regional lymphadenopathy, acquired in Europe |
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+ | |''[[Rickettsia africae]]'' |
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+ | |African tick-bite fever |
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+ | |''[[Amblyomma hebraeum]]'' and ''[[Amblyomma variegatum]]'' |
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+ | |Vesicular rash with eschar, acquired in Africa or the Caribbean |
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+ | |''[[Rickettsia honei]]'' |
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+ | | |
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+ | |''[[Bothriocroton]]'', ''[[Haemaphysalis]]'', ''[[Ixodes]]'', or ''[[Rhipicephalus]]'' ticks |
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+ | |Rash with eschar acquired in Flinders Islands, eastern Australia, Thailand, or Nepal |
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+ | |''[[Rickettsia aeschlimanii]]'' |
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+ | | |
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+ | |''[[Hyalomma]]'' or ''[[Rhipicephalus]]'' ticks |
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+ | |Rash with eschar, acquired in Africa or Europe |
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+ | |''[[Rickettsia helvetica]]''|| ||Tick|| |
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+ | |''[[Rickettsia parkeri]]'' |
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+ | | |
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+ | |''[[Amblyomma maculatum]]'' ticks |
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+ | |Rash with eschar, acquired in the Americas |
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+ | |''[[Rickettsia heilongjianghensis]]'' |
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+ | | |
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+ | |''[[Dermacentor]]'' or ''[[Haemaphysalis]]'' ticks |
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+ | |Rash with eschar, acquired in Asia |
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+ | |''[[Rickettsia raoultii]]'' |
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+ | | |
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+ | |''[[Dermacentor]]'' ticks |
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+ | |Eschar (often scalp) with regional lymphadenopathy, acquired in Europe |
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+ | |''[[Rickettsia massiliae]]'' |
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+ | | |
+ | |[[Rhipicephalus sanguineus]] |
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− | | ''[[Rickettsia sanguineous]]'' |
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+ | |Rash with eschar, acquired in Europe, Africa, and the Americas |
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+ | |''[[Rickettsia amblyommii]]''|| ||Tick|| |
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+ | |''[[Rickettsia monacensis]]''|| ||Tick|| |
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+ | |''[[Rickettsia philipii]]'' strain 364D |
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+ | | |
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+ | |''[[Dermcentor occidentalis]]'' |
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+ | |Eschar (often scalp) with regional lymphadenopathy, acquired in California |
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+ | |''[[Rickettsia felis]]'' |
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+ | |Flea |
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+ | |Rash with eschar and flea exposure |
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+ | |''[[Rickettsia akari]]'' |
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+ | |Rickettsialpox |
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+ | |''[[Liponyssoides sanguineus]]'' house mouse mites |
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+ | |Vesicular rash with eschar, worldwide |
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− | ! colspan=4 | |
+ | ! colspan="4" |Rickettiae: Typhus group |
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+ | |''[[Rickettsia typhi]]'' |
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+ | |Endemic (murine) typhus |
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+ | |''[[Xenopsylla cheopis]]'' (rat flea) and ''[[Ctenocephalides felis]]'' (cat flea) |
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+ | |Centrifugal rash without eschar in the tropics or subtropics, with flea exposure |
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+ | |''[[Rickettsia prowazekii]]'' |
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+ | |Epidemic (louse-borne) typhus |
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+ | |''[[Pediculus humanus humanus]]'' (human body louse) |
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+ | |Centrifugal rash without eschar, with exposure to flying squirrel or other |
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− | ! colspan=4 | |
+ | ! colspan="4" |Rickettsiae: Scrub typhus group |
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+ | |''[[Orientia tsutsugamushi]]'' |
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+ | |Scrub typhus |
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+ | |[[Leptotrombidium]] mites (chiggers, trombiculid mites) |
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+ | |Rash with eschar, acquired in Asian Pacific, Chile, or Dubai |
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− | ! colspan=4 | |
+ | ! colspan="4" |Anaplasma |
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+ | |''[[Amblyomma phagocytophilum]]'' |
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+ | |Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis |
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+ | |Tick |
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+ | | |
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− | ! colspan=4 | |
+ | ! colspan="4" |Ehrlichia |
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+ | |''[[Ehrlichia chaffeensis]]'' |
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+ | |Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis |
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+ | |''[[Amblyomma americanum]]'' ticks (the Lone Star tick) |
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+ | | |
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+ | |''[[Ehrlichia ewingii]]'' |
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+ | |Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis |
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+ | |''[[Amblyomma americanum]]'' and ''[[Dermacentor variabilis]]'' ticks |
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+ | | |
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+ | |''[[Ehrlichia canis]]''|| ||Tick|| |
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− | ! colspan=4 | |
+ | ! colspan="4" |Other |
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+ | |''[[Neoehrlichia mikurensis]]''|| ||Tick|| |
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+ | |''[[Neorickettsia sennetsu]]''|| ||Raw fish|| |
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+ | |''[[Wolbachia species]]''|| ||Helminths|| |
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− | == |
+ | ==Management== |
+ | |||
− | * |
+ | *First-line for essentially all infections is [[Is treated by::doxycycline]] 100 mg po BID, continue for 3 days following resolution of symptoms |
− | * |
+ | *Alternatives include [[Is treated by::azithromycin]] and [[Is treated by::chloramphenicol]] |
+ | |||
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[[Category:Rickettsioses]] |
[[Category:Rickettsioses]] |
Revision as of 20:42, 28 October 2020
Species | Disease | Vector | Clinical Clues |
---|---|---|---|
Rickettsiae: Spotted fever group | |||
Rickettsia rickettsii | Rocky Mountain spotted fever | Multiple Dermacentor, Amblyomma, and Rhipicephalus ticks | Centripetal rash without eschar in the Americas |
Rickettsia conorii | Boutonneuse fever, Mediterranean spotted fever | Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks | Rash with eschar, predominantly Mediterranean and Black Sea |
Rickettsia japonica | Oriental spotter fever | Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis, or Ixodes ticks | Rash with eschar, acquired in Asia |
Rickettsia sibirica mongolitimonae | Rhipicephalus sanguineus | Rash with eschar, acquired in Europe, Africa, or Asia | |
Rickettsia sibirica sibirica | Dermacentor ticks | Rash with eschar, acquired in Asia or southern Russia | |
Rickettsia australis | Ixodes ticks | Vesicular rash with eschar, acquired in Australia | |
Rickettsia slovaca | Tick-borne lymphadenopathy | Dermacentor marginatus | Eschar (often scalp) with regional lymphadenopathy, acquired in Europe |
Rickettsia africae | African tick-bite fever | Amblyomma hebraeum and Amblyomma variegatum | Vesicular rash with eschar, acquired in Africa or the Caribbean |
Rickettsia honei | Bothriocroton, Haemaphysalis, Ixodes, or Rhipicephalus ticks | Rash with eschar acquired in Flinders Islands, eastern Australia, Thailand, or Nepal | |
Rickettsia aeschlimanii | Hyalomma or Rhipicephalus ticks | Rash with eschar, acquired in Africa or Europe | |
Rickettsia helvetica | Tick | ||
Rickettsia parkeri | Amblyomma maculatum ticks | Rash with eschar, acquired in the Americas | |
Rickettsia heilongjianghensis | Dermacentor or Haemaphysalis ticks | Rash with eschar, acquired in Asia | |
Rickettsia raoultii | Dermacentor ticks | Eschar (often scalp) with regional lymphadenopathy, acquired in Europe | |
Rickettsia massiliae | Rhipicephalus sanguineus | Rash with eschar, acquired in Europe, Africa, and the Americas | |
Rickettsia amblyommii | Tick | ||
Rickettsia monacensis | Tick | ||
Rickettsia philipii strain 364D | Dermcentor occidentalis | Eschar (often scalp) with regional lymphadenopathy, acquired in California | |
Rickettsia felis | Flea | Rash with eschar and flea exposure | |
Rickettsia akari | Rickettsialpox | Liponyssoides sanguineus house mouse mites | Vesicular rash with eschar, worldwide |
Rickettiae: Typhus group | |||
Rickettsia typhi | Endemic (murine) typhus | Xenopsylla cheopis (rat flea) and Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea) | Centrifugal rash without eschar in the tropics or subtropics, with flea exposure |
Rickettsia prowazekii | Epidemic (louse-borne) typhus | Pediculus humanus humanus (human body louse) | Centrifugal rash without eschar, with exposure to flying squirrel or other |
Rickettsiae: Scrub typhus group | |||
Orientia tsutsugamushi | Scrub typhus | Leptotrombidium mites (chiggers, trombiculid mites) | Rash with eschar, acquired in Asian Pacific, Chile, or Dubai |
Anaplasma | |||
Amblyomma phagocytophilum | Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis | Tick | |
Ehrlichia | |||
Ehrlichia chaffeensis | Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis | Amblyomma americanum ticks (the Lone Star tick) | |
Ehrlichia ewingii | Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis | Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis ticks | |
Ehrlichia canis | Tick | ||
Other | |||
Neoehrlichia mikurensis | Tick | ||
Neorickettsia sennetsu | Raw fish | ||
Wolbachia species | Helminths |
Management
- First-line for essentially all infections is doxycycline 100 mg po BID, continue for 3 days following resolution of symptoms
- Alternatives include azithromycin and chloramphenicol
Further Reading
- Syndromic classification of rickettsioses: an approach for clinical practice. Int J Infect Dis. 2014;28:126-39. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.05.025