Rickettsioses: Difference between revisions

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(added clinical clues column)
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! Disease
  
! Disease
 
! Vector
  
! Vector
  +
! Clinical Clues
 
|-
  
|-
−
! colspan=3 | Rickettsiae: Spotted fever group
 +
! colspan=4 | Rickettsiae: Spotted fever group
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| ''[[R. rickettsii]]''
−
| ''[[R. rickettsii]]'' || Rocky Mountain spotted fever || Multiple ''Dermacentor'', ''Amblyomma'', and ''Rhipicephalus'' ticks
  
  +
| Rocky Mountain spotted fever
  +
| Multiple ''[[Dermacentor]]'', ''[[Amblyomma]]'', and ''[[Rhipicephalus]]'' ticks
  +
| Centripetal rash without eschar in the Americas
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| ''[[R. conorii]]''
−
| ''[[R. conorii]]'' || Boutonneuse fever, Mediterranean spotted fever || ''Rhipicephalus sanguineus'' ticks
  
  +
| Boutonneuse fever, Mediterranean spotted fever
  +
| ''[[Rhipicephalus sanguineus]]'' ticks
  +
| Rash with eschar, predominantly Mediterranean and Black Sea
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ''[[R. japonica]]'' || Oriental spotter fever || Tick
 +
| ''[[R. japonica]]''
  +
| Oriental spotter fever
  +
| ''[[Dermacentor]]'', ''[[Haemaphysalis]]'', or ''[[Ixodes]]'' ticks
  +
| Rash with eschar, acquired in Asia
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ''R. sibirica'' || || Tick
 +
| ''[[R. sibirica]] mongolitimonae''
  +
|
  +
| ''[[R. sanguineus]]''
  +
| Rash with eschar, acquired in Europe, Africa, or Asia
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ''R. australis'' || || Tick
 +
| ''[[R. sibirica]] sibirica''
  +
|
  +
| ''[[Dermacentor]]'' ticks
  +
| Rash with eschar, acquired in Asia or southern Russia
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| ''[[R. australis]]''
−
| ''R. slovaca || Tick-borne lymphadenopathy || ''Dermacentor marginatus'' ticks
  
  +
|
  +
| ''[[Ixodes]]'' ticks
  +
| Vesicular rash with eschar, acquired in Australia
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| ''[[R. slovaca]]
−
| ''[[R. africae]]'' || African tick-bite fever || ''Amblyomma hebraeum'' and ''A. variegatum''
  
  +
| Tick-borne lymphadenopathy
  +
| ''[[Dermacentor marginatus]]''
  +
| Eschar (often scalp) with regional lymphadenopathy, acquired in Europe
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ''R. honei'' || || Tick
 +
| ''[[R. africae]]''
  +
| African tick-bite fever
  +
| ''[[Amblyomma hebraeum]]'' and ''[[Amblyomma variegatum]]''
  +
| Vesicular rash with eschar, acquired in Africa or the Caribbean
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ''R. aeschlimanii'' || || Tick
 +
| ''[[R. honei]]''
  +
|
  +
| ''[[Bothriocroton]]'', ''[[Haemaphysalis]]'', ''[[Ixodes]]'', or ''[[Rhipicephalus]]'' ticks
  +
| Rash with eschar acquired in Flinders Islands, eastern Australia, Thailand, or Nepal
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ''R. helvetica'' || || Tick
 +
| ''[[R. aeschlimanii]]''
  +
|
  +
| ''[[Hyalomma]]'' or ''[[Rhipicephalus]]'' ticks
  +
| Rash with eschar, acquired in Africa or Europe
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ''[[R. parkeri]]'' || || ''A. maculatum'' ticks
 +
| ''[[R. helvetica]]'' || || Tick ||
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ''R. heilongjianghensis'' || || Tick
 +
| ''[[R. parkeri]]''
  +
|
  +
| ''[[A. maculatum]]'' ticks
  +
| Rash with eschar, acquired in the Americas
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ''R. raoultii'' || || Tick
 +
| ''[[R. heilongjianghensis]]''
  +
|
  +
| ''[[Dermacentor]]' or ''[[Haemaphysalis]]'' ticks
  +
| Rash with eschar, acquired in Asia
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ''R. massiliae'' || || Tick
 +
| ''[[R. raoultii]]''
  +
|
  +
| ''[[Dermacentor]]'' ticks
  +
| Eschar (often scalp) with regional lymphadenopathy, acquired in Europe
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ''R. amblyommii'' || || Tick
 +
| ''R. massiliae''
  +
|
  +
| ''[[R. sanguineous]]''
  +
| Rash with eschar, acquired in Europe, Africa, and the Americas
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ''R. monacensis'' || || Tick
 +
| ''R. amblyommii'' || || Tick ||
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ''R. philipii'' strain 364D || || Tick
 +
| ''R. monacensis'' || || Tick ||
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ''R. felis'' || || Flea
 +
| ''R. philipii'' strain 364D
  +
|
  +
| ''[[Dermcentor occidentalis]]''
  +
| | Eschar (often scalp) with regional lymphadenopathy, acquired in California
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| ''R. felis''
−
| ''[[R. akari]]'' || Rickettsialpox || ''Liponyssoides sanguineus'' house mouse mites
  
  +
|
  +
| Flea
  +
| Rash with eschar and flea exposure
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| ''[[R. akari]]''
−
! colspan=3 | Rickettiae: Typhus group
  
  +
| Rickettsialpox
  +
| ''[[Liponyssoides sanguineus]]'' house mouse mites
  +
| Vesicular rash with eschar, worldwide
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! colspan=4 | Rickettiae: Typhus group
−
| ''[[R. typhi]]'' || Endemic (murine) typhus || ''Xenopsylla cheopis'' (rat flea) and ''Ctenocephalides felis'' (cat flea)
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| ''[[R. typhi]]''
−
| ''[[R. prowazekii]]'' || Epidemic (louse-borne) typhus || ''Pediculus humanus corporis'' (human body louse)
  
  +
| Endemic (murine) typhus
  +
| ''[[Xenopsylla cheopis]]'' (rat flea) and ''[[Ctenocephalides felis]]'' (cat flea)
  +
| Centrifugal rash without eschar in the tropics or subtropics, with flea exposure
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| ''[[R. prowazekii]]''
−
! colspan=3 | Rickettsiae: Scrub typhus group
  
  +
| Epidemic (louse-borne) typhus
  +
| ''[[Pediculus humanus humanus]]'' (human body louse)
  +
| Centrifugal rash without eschar, with exposure to flying squirrel or other
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! colspan=4 | Rickettsiae: Scrub typhus group
−
| ''[[Orientia tsutsugamushi]]'' || Scrub typhus || Chiggers (trombiculid mites)
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| ''[[Orientia tsutsugamushi]]''
−
! colspan=3 | Anaplasma
  
  +
| Scrub typhus
  +
| Chiggers (trombiculid mites)
  +
| Rash with eschar, acquired in Asian Pacific, Chile, or Dubai
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! colspan=4 | Anaplasma
−
| ''[[A. phagocytophilum]]'' || Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis || Tick
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| ''[[A. phagocytophilum]]''
−
! colspan=3 | Ehrlichia
  
  +
| Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis
  +
| Tick
  +
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! colspan=4 | Ehrlichia
−
| ''[[E. chaffeensis]]'' || Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis || ''Amblyomma americanum'' ticks (the Lone Star tick)
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| ''[[E. chaffeensis]]''
−
| ''[[E. ewingii]]'' || Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis || ''A. americanum'' and ''Dermacentor variabilis'' ticks
  
  +
| Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis
  +
| ''[[Amblyomma americanum]]'' ticks (the Lone Star tick)
  +
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ''E. canis'' || || Tick
 +
| ''[[E. ewingii]]''
  +
| Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis
  +
| ''[[A. americanum]]'' and ''[[Dermacentor variabilis]]'' ticks
  +
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| ''E. canis'' || || Tick ||
−
! colspan=3 | Other
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! colspan=4 | Other
−
| ''Neoehrlichia mikurensis'' || || Tick
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ''Neorickettsia sennetsu'' || || Raw fish
 +
| ''[[Neoehrlichia mikurensis]]'' || || Tick ||
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ''Wolbachia'' || || Helminths
 +
| ''[[Neorickettsia sennetsu]]'' || || Raw fish ||
  +
|-
  +
| ''[[Wolbachia species]]'' || || Helminths ||
 
|}
  
|}
   

Revision as of 14:32, 10 December 2019

Species Disease Vector Clinical Clues
Rickettsiae: Spotted fever group
R. rickettsii Rocky Mountain spotted fever Multiple Dermacentor, Amblyomma, and Rhipicephalus ticks Centripetal rash without eschar in the Americas
R. conorrii Boutonneuse fever, Mediterranean spotted fever Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks Rash with eschar, predominantly Mediterranean and Black Sea
R. japonica Oriental spotter fever Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis, or Ixodes ticks Rash with eschar, acquired in Asia
R. sibirica mongolitimonae R. sanguineus Rash with eschar, acquired in Europe, Africa, or Asia
R. sibirica sibirica Dermacentor ticks Rash with eschar, acquired in Asia or southern Russia
R. australis Ixodes ticks Vesicular rash with eschar, acquired in Australia
R. slovaca Tick-borne lymphadenopathy Dermacentor marginatus Eschar (often scalp) with regional lymphadenopathy, acquired in Europe
R. africae African tick-bite fever Amblyomma hebraeum and Amblyomma variegatum Vesicular rash with eschar, acquired in Africa or the Caribbean
R. honei Bothriocroton, Haemaphysalis, Ixodes, or Rhipicephalus ticks Rash with eschar acquired in Flinders Islands, eastern Australia, Thailand, or Nepal
R. aeschlimanii Hyalomma or Rhipicephalus ticks Rash with eschar, acquired in Africa or Europe
R. helvetica Tick
R. parkeri A. maculatum ticks Rash with eschar, acquired in the Americas
R. heilongjianghensis Dermacentor' or Haemaphysalis ticks Rash with eschar, acquired in Asia
R. raoultii Dermacentor ticks Eschar (often scalp) with regional lymphadenopathy, acquired in Europe
R. massiliae R. sanguineous Rash with eschar, acquired in Europe, Africa, and the Americas
R. amblyommii Tick
R. monacensis Tick
R. philipii strain 364D Dermcentor occidentalis Eschar (often scalp) with regional lymphadenopathy, acquired in California
R. felis Flea Rash with eschar and flea exposure
R. akari Rickettsialpox Liponyssoides sanguineus house mouse mites Vesicular rash with eschar, worldwide
Rickettiae: Typhus group
R. typhi Endemic (murine) typhus Xenopsylla cheopis (rat flea) and Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea) Centrifugal rash without eschar in the tropics or subtropics, with flea exposure
R. prowazekii Epidemic (louse-borne) typhus Pediculus humanus humanus (human body louse) Centrifugal rash without eschar, with exposure to flying squirrel or other
Rickettsiae: Scrub typhus group
Orientia tsutsugamushi Scrub typhus Chiggers (trombiculid mites) Rash with eschar, acquired in Asian Pacific, Chile, or Dubai
Anaplasma
A. phagocytophilum Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis Tick
Ehrlichia
E. chaffeensis Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis Amblyomma americanum ticks (the Lone Star tick)
E. ewingii Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis A. americanum and Dermacentor variabilis ticks
E. canis Tick
Other
Neoehrlichia mikurensis Tick
Neorickettsia sennetsu Raw fish
Wolbachia species Helminths

Further Reading

  • Syndromic classification of rickettsioses: an approach for clinical practice. Int J Infect Dis. 2014;28:126-39. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.05.025
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