Parkinson disease: Difference between revisions
From IDWiki
m (Text replacement - "Clinical Presentation" to "Clinical Manifestations") |
(→) |
||
| (One intermediate revision by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| − | == |
+ | == Background == |
* Degenerative neurological disorder characterized by progressive bradykinesia, rest tremor, rigidity, and postural instability |
* Degenerative neurological disorder characterized by progressive bradykinesia, rest tremor, rigidity, and postural instability |
||
| − | == Pathophysiology == |
+ | === Pathophysiology === |
* Destruction of substantia nigra |
* Destruction of substantia nigra |
||
| − | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| − | |||
| − | * See [[Parkinson syndrome]] |
||
== Clinical Manifestations == |
== Clinical Manifestations == |
||
| Line 29: | Line 25: | ||
* Change in speech (LR+ 2.6, LR- 0.73) |
* Change in speech (LR+ 2.6, LR- 0.73) |
||
* ... |
* ... |
||
| + | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| + | * See [[Parkinson syndrome#Differential Diagnosis|Parkinson syndrome]] |
||
| + | |||
| + | == Management == |
||
| + | |||
| + | === Non-Motor Symptoms === |
||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Psychosis ==== |
||
| + | |||
| + | * Usually worsened by antiparkinson medications |
||
| + | * Evaluate and treat any triggers |
||
| + | * Consider decreasing any anticholinergic drugs, followed by [[amantadine]], dopamine agonists, monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors, and COMT inhibitors, and finally levodopa (as a last resort) |
||
| + | * For refractory symptoms, consider [[quetiapine]], [[pimavanserin]], and [[clozapine]] |
||
| + | ** Other antipsychotics have higher risk of exacerbating Parkinson disease |
||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Orthostatic Hypotension ==== |
||
| + | |||
| + | * May be caused by the underlying disease or by medications (including levodopa and MAO B inhibitors) that are used to treat it |
||
| + | * Non-medical management includes increased oral fluid (possibly with boluses), salt supplementation, physical counter-maneurvers, abdominal banding, stockings, and elevating the head of the bed |
||
| + | * Pharmacologic treatments include [[droxidopa]], [[fludrocortisone]], and [[midodrine]] |
||
[[Category:Neurology]] |
[[Category:Neurology]] |
||
Latest revision as of 14:25, 21 October 2021
Background
- Degenerative neurological disorder characterized by progressive bradykinesia, rest tremor, rigidity, and postural instability
Pathophysiology
- Destruction of substantia nigra
Clinical Manifestations
- Rest tremor at 4-6 Hz, inhibited by movement and sleep, worsened by stress
- Pill-rolling
- Rigidity, with increased tone and cog-wheeling
- No spasticity
- Often worse with repeated flexion
- Bradykinesia
- Short, shuffling gait with festination
- Loss of arm swing
- Micrographia
- Postural hypotension
- Glabellar tap reflex, normally stops after 5-10 taps
JAMA Rational Clinical Exam
- Change in speech (LR+ 2.6, LR- 0.73)
- ...
Differential Diagnosis
Management
Non-Motor Symptoms
Psychosis
- Usually worsened by antiparkinson medications
- Evaluate and treat any triggers
- Consider decreasing any anticholinergic drugs, followed by amantadine, dopamine agonists, monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors, and COMT inhibitors, and finally levodopa (as a last resort)
- For refractory symptoms, consider quetiapine, pimavanserin, and clozapine
- Other antipsychotics have higher risk of exacerbating Parkinson disease
Orthostatic Hypotension
- May be caused by the underlying disease or by medications (including levodopa and MAO B inhibitors) that are used to treat it
- Non-medical management includes increased oral fluid (possibly with boluses), salt supplementation, physical counter-maneurvers, abdominal banding, stockings, and elevating the head of the bed
- Pharmacologic treatments include droxidopa, fludrocortisone, and midodrine
